Imashini ifasha guhumeka ni iki? Byose kuri yo mu magambo yoroshye (Imashini ifasha guhumeka)

Ushobora kuba waragiye kureba umuntu uri mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU). Cyangwa byibuze wararebye filime aho umurwayi afatiwe ku mashini ifite umuyoboro mu kanwa. Ushobora kuba warumvise ufite ubwoba cyangwa amatsiko ubwo wabonaga ibyo. Imwe muri izo mashini z’ingenzi ni ventilator. Nubwo abantu benshi bayitinya, mu by’ukuri ni igikoresho kirokora ubuzima. None rero uyu munsi, reka tuvuge ku cyo ventilator, cyangwa mu buryo bw’ubuvuzi, "Mechanical Ventilation" ari cyo, impamvu ikenewe, n’ibindi byose bifitanye isano na yo mu buryo bworoshye cyane.

Mu magambo make, icyuma gifasha guhumeka ni iki?

Imashini ifasha guhumeka, cyangwa igafata akazi kose, iyo udashobora guhumeka wenyine. Nk'uko inkoni zigufasha gupima uburemere bwawe iyo ukuguru kwavunitse, ni ko imashini ifasha ibihaha byawe.

Iyi mashini ikora ibintu bitatu by'ingenzi:

• Iha ibihaha byawe umwuka wa ogisijeni ukeneye.
• Bifasha ibihaha byawe gukuraho umwuka wa dioxyde de carbone udashaka wirundanya mu mubiri wawe.
• Udusaho duto tw'umwuka (alveoli) turi mu bihaha byawe dutanga umuvuduko ukenewe kugira ngo tugume dufunguye tudasenyuka.

Abaganga bashobora guhindura imiterere y'iyi mashini kugira ngo ijyane n'uburwayi bwawe kandi bakaguha ubufasha ukeneye.

Ese "Intubation" na "Entilation" ni ibintu bitandukanye?

Yego, nubwo ibi byombi bikunze kubaho hamwe, ibi bivuga inzira ebyiri.

• Gushyiramo umuyoboro w'amaraso mu kanwa: Ibi bibaho igihe umuganga agushyizemo umuyoboro w'amaraso unyuze mu kanwa cyangwa mu mazuru, unyuze mu muhogo w'umwuka (trachea) ukagera mu bihaha byawe. Ibi kandi byitwa ``endotracheal tube`` cyangwa ET tube.
• Guhumeka hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga: Ibi bivuga inzira yo guhuza umuyoboro washyizwemo mbere n'imashini ihumeka, igufasha guhumeka.

Hari igihe, aho gushyiramo umuyoboro nk'uyu, ushobora guhuza n'icyuma gihumeka ukoresheje agapfukamunwa gafata neza mu maso hawe. Tuzabivugaho gato.

Ni ubuhe bwoko bw'ingenzi bw'ubuvuzi bw'umwuka bukoreshwa mu guhumeka?

Imiyoboro y'umwuka ikoreshwa muri iki gihe ikoresha igitutu cyiza kugira ngo ishyire umwuka mu bihaha. Ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo bubiri bw'ingenzi.

Ni ryari hakenewe icyuma gifasha guhumeka?

Ushobora gukenera ubufasha bw'icyuma gihumeka mu bihe bikomeye aho udashobora guhumeka neza wenyine. Urugero:

• Mu gihe cyo kubagwa bikomeye: Iyo uri munsi y'ikinya rusange, ubushobozi bwawe bwo guhumeka buragabanuka. Kubwibyo, uzahabwa ubufasha bw'icyuma gifasha guhumeka mu gihe cyo kubagwa.
• Indwara zikomeye z'ibihaha cyangwa indwara: Umusonga, COVID-19, Indwara y'ubuhumekero ikabije (ARDS), n'indwara idakira y'ibihaha (COPD) iyo ibintu birushijeho kuba bibi.
• Ibibazo byihutirwa cyangwa by’uburwayi: Ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose gifunga inzira z’ubuhumekero kandi kigatuma guhumeka bigorana. Urugero, ingaruka zikomeye z’ubwivumbure (anaphylaxis).
• Kwangirika k'ubwonko cyangwa indwara: Mu bihe nk'indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n'imitsi n'indwara zo mu bwonko ziterwa n'ihungabana, ubwonko ntibushobora kohereza ibimenyetso mu bihaha kugira ngo bihumeke neza.
• Impinduka mu kuringaniza imyuka mu maraso: Iyo ingano ya dioxyde de carbone mu maraso yiyongere (hypercapnia) cyangwa ingano ya ogisijeni ikagabanuka (hypoxemia), hakenewe icyuma gifasha guhumeka kugira ngo gicunge iki kibazo.
• Rinda uburyo bwo guhumeka neza mu myanya y'ubuhumekero:Iyo umuntu uri muri koma aruka amacandwe cyangwa ibiryo mu kanwa, bishobora kwinjira mu bihaha bye. Kugira ngo ibyo bitabazwe, hashyirwaho umuyoboro w'amazi urinda inzira z'ubuhumekero.

Ugomba kumara igihe kingana iki uri ku cyuma gifasha guhumeka?

Ibi biterwa gusa n'indwara yatumye ukeneye icyuma gifasha guhumeka. Bishobora gufata amasaha make, iminsi mike, ibyumweru bike. Mu bihe bike cyane, ushobora kumara amezi cyangwa imyaka myinshi. Intego y'itsinda ry'abaganga ni ukugukura muri icyuma gifasha guhumeka vuba kandi mu mutekano uko bishoboka kose . Kugeza icyo gihe, bazakurikirana uburwayi bwawe buri gihe.

Ubusanzwe, iyo bigaragara ko uzakenera kumara ibyumweru birenga bibiri uri ku cyuma gifasha guhumeka, abaganga bazagukuramo umuyoboro uri mu kanwa kawe hanyuma bagushyiremo umuyoboro unyuze mu kantu gato mu ijosi (tracheostomy). Ubu buryo ni bworoshye kandi burambye ku murwayi.

Bigenda bite iyo uyishyize ku cyuma gifasha guhumeka umwuka?

Iki gikorwa kibera mu cyumba cy’indembe (ICU).

1. Ubwa mbere, uzahabwa umuti wo kuruhuka kugira ngo ugire uruhuke kandi wumve usinziriye. Muri icyo gihe, uzahabwa umuti utera ubumuga kugira ngo umubiri wawe udakora mu gihe urimo gushyiramo umuyoboro.

2. Hanyuma umuganga ashyira umuyoboro (ET tube) mu kanwa kawe mu muyoboro w'umwuka.

3. Amaherezo, umuyoboro uhujwe n'icyuma gifasha guhumeka. Hanyuma imashini itangira guhumeka.

Mu gihe cy’impanuka, ibi bishobora gukorwa mu buryo butandukanye gato, vuba cyane.

Ni iki kindi kibaho iyo uri kuri ventilator?

Mu gihe uri kuri ventilateur, uzitabwaho n'itsinda ry'abaganga bahuguwe byihariye. Hari ibindi bintu bike bibaho muri iki gihe.

Gukurikiranira hafi

Uzaba uhujwe n'izindi monitors kugira ngo zikurikirane imikorere y'umubiri wawe.

• Umuvuduko w'amaraso
• Igipimo cy'umutima
• Igipimo cy'ubuhumekero
• Urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso

Ibi bintu bigenzurwa buri gihe. Imirasire yo mu gituza ikorerwa kandi kugira ngo harebwe uko ibihaha byifashe, kandi hagapimwa amaraso kugira ngo harebwe urugero rwa ogisijeni mu maraso.

Gukuramo

Umuyoboro w'ubuhumekero ushobora gutuma ururenda rwiyongera mu myanya y'ubuhumekero. Rero, abaforomo bakunze gushyiramo undi muyoboro muto (catheter) mu muyoboro kugira ngo bakuremo ururenda rurimo. Ushobora gukorora gato ukumva utameze neza muri iki gihe. Ibi bishobora kubabaza abareba, ariko ni ngombwa kugira ngo umwuka wawe uhore ufunguye.

Imirire

Ntushobora kurya cyangwa kunywa kuko ufite umuyoboro mu kanwa. Kubwibyo, uzahabwa intungamubiri z'amazi binyuze mu muyoboro muto uva mu mazuru ujya mu nda. Andi mazi azatangwa binyuze mu muti wa saline ujya mu mitsi.

Gukangura

Kubera ko atari byiza kuguma mu buriri igihe cyose, itsinda ry’abaganga rizagufasha kugenda. Hari igihe, niba ushoboye kubikora, bazagerageza no kugutera kugenda gato.

Ni izihe nyungu n'ingaruka byagira?

Nk’uko bigenda ku buvuzi ubwo aribwo bwose, ubuvuzi bwo guhumeka bufite ibyiza n’ingaruka.

PEEP na CPAP ni iki?

Birashoboka ko waba warumvise aya magambo yombi.

• PEEP (Umuvuduko Uhagije wo Gusohora Imyanda): Iyi ni imiterere y'icyuma gifasha guhumeka. Mu ndwara zimwe na zimwe, iyo dusohora umwuka, udupfunyika tw'umwuka mu bihaha (alveoli) turafunga burundu. imiterere ya PEEP ituma udupfunyika tw'umwuka dufunguka binyuze mu gushyiramo umuvuduko muto ndetse no mu gihe usohora umwuka. Ibi byongera ingano ya ogisijeni yinjira mu maraso.
• CPAP (Umuvuduko Uhoraho w’Impweya): Ibi bikubiyemo gukomeza gutanga umuvuduko ungana mu nzira z’ubuhumekero mu gihe uhumeka no mu gihe uhumeka. Akenshi ikoreshwa mu ndwara nko guhumeka mu gihe umuntu asinziriye, nk'uburyo bwo guhumeka budakoresha agapfukamunwa (ukoresheje agapfukamunwa).

Muri make, PEEP ni igitutu gishyirwa ku murwayi ku cyuma gihumeka iyo arimo gusohora umwuka. CPAP ni igitutu gikomeza gishyirwa mu gihe cyo guhumeka no gusohora umwuka.

Imashini ifasha guhumeka ni igikoresho cy'ingenzi gishobora kurokora ubuzima bwawe mu gihe urwaye indwara ikomeye cyangwa mu gihe cy'impanuka. Nubwo idakiza indwara, iha umubiri wawe umwanya n'inkunga ukeneye kugira ngo urwanye indwara kandi ukire.