Myelofibrose: Ese koko tuzi iby'iyi kanseri y'amaraso?

Ese uhora wumva unaniwe kandi unaniwe nta mpamvu? Ese ufite ibikomere ku mubiri wawe wose? Ese wumva uremereye gato cyangwa wumva wuzuye ku ruhande rw'ibumoso rw'inda yawe? Hashobora kuba hari impamvu ikomeye inyuma y'ibi bintu tudatekerezaho. Iyo ni indwara yitwa myelofibrose. Ntugatinye numva iri zina. Tuzavuga ku byo ari byo, impamvu bibaho, ibimenyetso byabyo, n'uburyo bwo kuvura mu buryo bworoshye cyane ushobora gusobanukirwa.

Mu magambo make, myelofibrosis ni iki?

Tekereza ku magufwa manini ari mu mibiri yacu nk'inganda zikora amaraso. Izi nganda twita umwongo w'amagufwa . Muri uyu mwongo niho ubwoko butatu bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso dukenewe ku mibiri yacu bukorerwa.

1. Uturemangingo dutukura: Dutwara umwuka wa ogisijeni mu mubiri wose.

2. Uturemangingo tw'amaraso: Turwanya indwara n'udukoko.

3. Platelets: Zifasha mu kubumba amaraso no guhagarika kuva amaraso.

Myelofibrosis ni ubwoko budasanzwe bwa kanseri y'amaraso aho umwongo w'amagufwa, uruganda rukora amaraso, ugenda wuzuzwa buhoro buhoro n'inkovu. Nk'uko ibyatsi bibi bigenda byigarurira umurima w'uburumbuke buhoro buhoro, iyi nkovu ibuza umwongo w'amagufwa gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso mu buryo busanzwe.

Kubera ko aka kazi kadakorwa neza, agace kacu k’umubiri , ari na ko gafata igice cyo hejuru ibumoso cy’inda, kagerageza gufasha muri aka kazi. Ni ukuvuga ko agace k’umubiri gatangira gukora amaraso. Ariko iyo si yo nshingano yako nyamukuru. Kubera iyo mpamvu, agace k’umubiri kararengerwa cyane, gatangira kwiyongera buhoro buhoro no kubyimba. Abarwayi benshi bagaragaza ibimenyetso by’uko agace k’umubiri kabyimbye.

Ubusanzwe iyi ni indwara ifata ubuzima bwose, akenshi igenda buhoro cyane. Ariko, rimwe na rimwe ishobora kwiyongera vuba, kandi kuri bamwe ishobora gutera kanseri y'amaraso ikabije. Niyo mpamvu muganga wawe azagukurikiranira hafi nyuma yo gupimwa.

Ese hari ubwoko bw'ingenzi bwa myelofibrose?

Yego, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi bw'ibi.

• Myelofibrose y'ibanze: Iyi ni yo ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane. Ibaho mu buryo butunguranye, nta ngaruka z'indi ndwara iyo ari yo yose.
• Myelofibrose ya kabiri:Ibi bibaho iyo izindi ndwara zifitanye isano n'amaraso zibaye zikomeye. Urugero, umuntu urwaye Essential Thrombocythemia cyangwa Polycythemia Vera ashobora kurwara myelofibrosis uko igihe kigenda gihita. Izi ndwara zose ziri mu itsinda rya kanseri y'amaraso yitwa Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPNs). Muri make, izi ndwara zose zituma umwongo w'amagufwa ukora ubwoko bwinshi bw'uturemangingo tw'amaraso kuruta uko bikwiye.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara? Tubimenye dute?

Akenshi, iyi ndwara ikura buhoro buhoro. Bityo, ishobora kumara imyaka myinshi idatanga ibimenyetso. Iyo ibimenyetso bitangiye kugaragara, ikintu cya mbere kiza mu mutwe ni umunaniro ukabije . Ibi biterwa no kubura uturemangingo dutukura mu mubiri, ari byo kubura amaraso. Hamwe n'ibi, bitewe n'impatwe yagutse, ushobora kumva uburemere, ububabare, cyangwa kumva wuzuye mu gice cyo hejuru cy'ibumoso cy'inda.

Reka turebe ibindi bimenyetso biri mu mbonerahamwe iri hepfo.

Kuki ibi bibaho? Impamvu ni izihe?

Abaganga ntibaramenya neza impamvu nyayo ya myelofibrosis y’ibanze, ariko barasobanukiwe neza uko ibaho.

Bitangirana n'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo mu ngirabuzimafatizo, ari na yo ngirabuzimafatizo ya mbere ikora amaraso mu misokoro y'amagufwa . Ingirabuzimafatizo ifite ngirabuzimafatizo ifite ikibazo iba ingirabuzimafatizo ya kanseri, ikigabanya vuba kandi igakora kopi yayo. Izi ngirabuzimafatizo za kanseri zuzuza umisokoro wose w'amagufwa.

Abaganga basanze abantu benshi barwaye iyi ndwara bafite impinduka nyinshi zisanzwe mu ngirabuzimafatizo zabo. Izingenzi muri zo ni izi:

• JAK2 (JACK-TWO)
• CALR (Cal-R)
• MPL

Izi mpinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo ni zo zitera iyi ndwara mu musemburo w'amagufwa.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye ko kurwara iyi ndwara?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kurwara iyi ndwara, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kuyirwara.

• Abantu barengeje imyaka 60: Iyi ndwara ikunze kugaragara cyane mu bantu bakuze.
• Kugaragara kw'izindi ndwara z'amaraso:Ku bafite indwara nka `Essential Thrombocytosis` cyangwa `Polycythemia Vera`, twavuzeho mbere.
• Guhura n'imirasire ya iyoni: Guhura n'imirasire myinshi. (Ibi ni gake cyane).
• Guhura n'ibintu bimwe na bimwe: Guhura n'ibintu bikoreshwa mu nganda igihe kirekire, nka benzene (ibi nabyo ni gake cyane).

Ni izihe ngorane zishobora guterwa n'iyi ndwara?

Uko myelofibrosis ikomeza kwiyongera, hashobora kubaho ingorane zitandukanye.

Kugabanuka k'umusaruro w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso

Iyo inkovu zirundanyije mu musemburo w'amagufwa, ntizishobora gukora uturemangingo tw'amaraso tuzima. Ibi bishobora gutuma uturemangingo dutukura tugabanuka, bigatera kubura amaraso , ndetse no kugabanuka kwa platelets, bikongera ibyago byo kuva amaraso.

Ikorwa ry'uturemangingo tw'amaraso two mu bwoko bwa extrahepatic tuva mu musokoro w'amagufwa

Iyo umwongo w'amagufwa udashobora gukora akazi kawo, ingingo nk'umwongo n'umwijima bitangira gukora amaraso. Ibi bishobora gutuma izo ngingo zibyimba kandi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere yazo.

Umuvuduko ukabije w'amaraso mu mitsi ya Portal

Umutsi wo mu kibuno ni wo mutsi mukuru w'amaraso utwara amaraso ava mu kibuno ujya mu mwijima. Umwotsi wagutse ushobora kubuza amaraso gutembera muri uyu mutsi, bikongera umuvuduko uri muri wo. Ibi bishobora gutuma amaraso ava cyane.

Ihinduka kanseri y'amaraso ikabije

Ku barwayi bamwe na bamwe, myelofibrosis ishobora kuvamo ubwoko bwa leukemia bukomeye cyane kandi bukwirakwira vuba bwitwa Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML).

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma neza iyi ndwara?

Nyuma yo kumva ibimenyetso byawe no kugusuzuma, muganga azagutegeka ibipimo byinshi kugira ngo yemeze ko ari indwara.

1. Ibipimo by'amaraso: Ibi bipima niba umubare w'uturemangingo tw'amaraso (umutuku, umweru, plaquettes) ari ibisanzwe cyangwa bidasanzwe. Binasuzuma niba imiterere y'uturemangingo tw'amaraso idasanzwe.

2. Ibizamini byo Gupima: Gupima CT cyangwa gupima ultrasound bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba urwagashya cyangwa umwijima wawe byariyongereye. Gupima MRI bishobora kandi gufasha kureba niba hari inkovu mu musokoro w'amagufwa.

3. Isuzuma ry'amagufwa: Iki ni cyo kizamini cy'ingenzi cyane kugira ngo hemezwe indwara. Muri iki gikorwa, hafatwa urugero ruto rw'amagufwa, akenshi aturuka mu igufwa ryo mu kibuno cyangwa irindi gukurura, hakoreshejwe umuti woroshye wo kugabanya ububabare. Yoherezwa muri laboratwari kugira ngo hamenyekane neza ingano y'inkovu ziriho, niba hari uturemangingo twa kanseri, ndetse niba hari impinduka mu miterere y'uturemangingo nka `JAK2` twavuze mbere.

Hashingiwe ku bisubizo by'ibi bizamini, muganga wawe azasuzuma niba indwara yawe iri mu byiciro bya mbere (prefibrotic) cyangwa iri mu byiciro bya nyuma (igaragara). Azasuzuma kandi urwego rw'ibyago byawe (rwo hasi, ruri hagati, cyangwa rufite ibyago byinshi) hashingiwe ku bimenyetso byawe n'ubwoko bw'impinduka mu ngirabuzimafatizo. Ubuvuzi buteganywa hashingiwe kuri uru rwego rw'ibyago.

Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?

Uburyo bwo kuvura buterwa n'urugero rw'ibyago by'indwara yawe, ubukana bw'ibimenyetso byawe, imyaka yawe, ndetse n'ubuzima bwawe muri rusange.

Hariho uburyo butandukanye bwo kuvura indwara zo hagati n'izifite ibyago byinshi . Intego nyamukuru yo kuvura ni ukugenzura ibimenyetso no gukumira ko indwara irushaho kwiyongera.

Gutera uturemangingo tw'umugongo

Ubu ni bwo buryo bwonyine bushobora gukiza burundu myelofibrosis. Ariko, ni uburyo buteje akaga cyane bufite ingaruka mbi zikomeye. Kubwibyo, ntabwo bukwiriye abarwayi bose. Ubusanzwe, abaganga basaba ubu buryo ku bantu bafite ibyago byinshi, urubyiruko ndetse n'abantu badafite izindi ndwara zikomeye.

Ibi bikubiyemo gusenya burundu umwobo w'amagufwa w'umurwayi urwaye no guha uturemangingo tw'umubiri tw'umurwayi twakuwe ku muntu muzima utanga imiti.