Twese tuvuga kuri cholesterol buri gihe, kandi turayihangayikishije, si byo se? Ariko tekereza, wigeze wumva indwara umuntu avukana aho urugero rwa cholesterol ruzamuka cyane kuva mu bwana, wenda no mu bwana? Uyu munsi turaganira ku ndwara imwe idakunze kugaragara ariko ikomeye cyane. Iyi yitwa Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (HoFH). Nubwo izina rigoye gato, reka tubyumve mu buryo bworoshye.
Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia ni iki?
Muri make, iyi ni indwara iterwa n’uturemangingo ituma bigora umubiri wacu gukura cholesterol "mbi", ni ukuvuga cholesterol ya LDL (LDL (Low-Density Lipoprotein) mu maraso yacu. Twese tuzi ko cholesterol ari ikintu gifite ibara ry’umutuku gikenewe n’uturemangingo twacu. Akazi ka cholesterol ya LDL ni ugutwara iyi cholesterol mu mubiri wose mu maraso.
Ariko iyo urugero rwa LDL rurenze urugero, iyi cholesterol yiyongereyeho itangira kwirundanya mu mitsi itanga amaraso mu mutima wacu, imitsi. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, iyi mitsi ishobora kuziba imitsi, ikagabanya amaraso na ogisijeni mu mutima, kandi ikongera ibyago byo kurwara indwara y'umutima .
Iyi ndwara ni indwara umuntu avukana. Ibi bivuze ko ushobora kugira cholesterol nyinshi kuva mu bwana. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye idashobora kuvurwa kandi igomba kwitabwaho mu buzima bwe bwose.
Iyo batavuwe, abagabo bafite iyi ndwara bashobora kurwara indwara z'umutima bari mu kigero cy'imyaka 40 n'abagore bari mu kigero cy'imyaka 50. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya no gushaka ubuvuzi bukwiye.
Impamvu ni iyihe?
Tubyita indwara y’uturemangingo. Mu by’ukuri, iyi ndwara uyirwara gusa iyo uzunguye kopi ebyiri z’uturemangingo tudakora neza, imwe iva kuri nyoko n’indi iva kuri so .
Ubusanzwe, umwijima wacu ukuraho cholesterol ya LDL irenze mu maraso. Umwijima ufite 'receptors za LDL' zihariye kuri ibi. Izi ni nk'udukuru dufata cholesterol tukayikura mu maraso. Ariko ku muntu ufite iyi ndwara, bitewe n'uturemangingo tw'umubiri dufite inenge, izi receptors ntizikora neza. Ingaruka ni uko urugero rwa cholesterol rwiyongera mu buryo butunguranye.
Ushobora kuba warumvise ibyerekeye 'Heterozygous' Familyal Hypercholesterolemia. Iki ni cyo gihe gene ifite inenge irazwe n'umubyeyi umwe gusa. Iyi ndwara ntabwo ikabije nka 'Homozygous'.
Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'iyi ndwara?
Hari ibimenyetso byinshi by'ingenzi bishobora gukoreshwa mu kumenya iyi ndwara. Reka tubirebe mu mbonerahamwe.
| Ibiranga | Ibisobanuro |
|---|---|
| Igipimo cya cholesterol kiri hejuru cyane | Igipimo cyose cya cholesterol gishobora kuba 600 mg/dL cyangwa kirenze (igipimo cyiza ni munsi ya 200). |
| Ibisigazwa by'uruhu (Xanthomas) | Utubyimba tw'umuhondo, dusa n'ibisigazwa munsi y'uruhu ku nkokora, mu mavi no mu matako. Ibi ni ibisigazwa bya cholesterol. |
| Ibisigazwa ku mboni z'amaso (Xanthelasmas) | Amavuta y'umuhondo agaragara ku mboni z'amaso. |
| Impinduka mu maso (Arcus cornealis) | Impeta y'umukara cyangwa umweru ikikije ijisho ry'umukara. |
| Ibimenyetso by'umutima | Ibimenyetso nko kubabara mu gatuza (angina), guhumeka nabi, no gutera k'umutima vuba bishobora kubaho mu bwana. |
Ni gute wasuzuma indwara?
Niba ufite ibi bimenyetso, ni ngombwa kubonana na muganga wawe. Muganga azabanza agukorere isuzuma ry’umubiri hanyuma akubaze ibibazo bike.
- Ese hari ikintu kimeze nk'umuhondo wabonye ku ruhu rwawe?
- Ufite ububabare mu gatuza?
- Urimo kumva unaniwe guhumeka?
- Ese ababyeyi bawe nabo bafite cholesterol nyinshi?
Hanyuma, muganga wawe azagupima amaraso kugira ngo arebe urugero rwa cholesterol yawe. Bashobora kandi gukora isuzuma rya genetiki kugira ngo barebe niba ufite gene idakora neza itera iyo ndwara. Muganga wawe ashobora kandi gupima abagize umuryango wawe wa hafi.
Uburyo bwo kuvura n'uburyo bwo kuvura
Intego nyamukuru y'ubuvuzi ni ukugabanya urugero rwa cholesterol ya LDL mu maraso yawe no kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima.Akenshi uzoherezwa kwa muganga w’inzobere mu ndwara za cholesterol nk’iyi (Lipidologist).
Impinduka mu mibereho n'imirire
Intambwe ya mbere ni ugufata indyo yuzuye umutima irimo ibinure byinshi, cholesterol n'isukari. Ni ngombwa kandi kureka kunywa itabi, kugabanya inzoga, no gukora siporo buri munsi.
Imiti
Kubera ko urugero rwa cholesterol yawe ruri hejuru cyane, ushobora gutangira gufata dose nyinshi za statins , zikora mu guhagarika umwijima gukora cholesterol.
Hamwe n'ibyo, hari n'indi miti igabanya ingano ya cholesterol yinjizwa mu biribwa (urugero: Ezetimibe , PCSK9 inhibitors , Lomitapide ).
Uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura
Niba cholesterol idashobora kugenzurwa n'imiti gusa, hagomba kwitabwaho ubundi buryo bwo kuvura.
- Apheresis: Ubu buryo ni nk'uburyo bwo gusukura impyiko hakoreshejwe dialyse. Uhujwe n'imashini mu bitaro, amaraso yawe akakurwa mu mubiri wawe, cholesterol ya LDL ikayungururwa, maze amaraso asukuye agasubizwa mu mubiri wawe. Ubu ni uburyo bwo kuvura bufata amasaha menshi kandi bugomba gukorwa buri gihe.
- Gutera Umwijima: Niba nta buryo na bumwe muri ubu buvuzi bwavuzwe haruguru bwagize icyo bugeraho, gutera umwijima bishobora kuba ari bwo buryo bwa nyuma. Umwijima mushya muzima ufite receptor za LDL, zishobora gufasha mu kugenzura cholesterol. Ubu ni ukubagwa gukomeye cyane, kandi gukira bishobora gufata amezi 6 kugeza ku mwaka.
Mu gihe urimo kuvurwa cyane, ni ngombwa cyane gushaka ubufasha bw'amarangamutima ku muryango no ku nshuti. Biganireho na muganga wawe mu buryo bweruye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Homozygous Familyal Hypercholesterolemia ni indwara ikomeye, ariko idakunze kugaragara, iterwa n'uturemangingo, itera urugero rwa cholesterol ruri hejuru cyane.
- Ibi biterwa nuko bakurana ingirabuzimafatizo ebyiri zifite inenge zivuye kuri nyina na se.
- Mu kumenya no gutangira kuvurwa bakiri bato, ibyago byo kurwara indwara z'umutima bakiri bato bishobora kugabanuka.
- Ubuvuzi ni ubuzima bwose kandi bushobora kuba burimo imiti, indyo, imyitozo ngororamubiri, ndetse n'ubuvuzi bwihariye (apheresis).
- Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe warwaye indwara y'umutima cyangwa cholesterol nyinshi akiri muto, ni byiza ko usuzuma cholesterol yawe nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
- Ntabwo uri wenyine muri uru rugendo. Korana na muganga wawe, umuryango wawe, n'amatsinda y'abaterankunga kugira ngo ucunge neza iki kibazo.
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Kwipimisha kanseri y'ibere, kwisuzuma no kwirinda byakozwe byoroshye. Kanseri y'ibihaha
Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.