Polio: Nubwo twabyibagiwe kubera urukingo, ese koko ibyago byarashize?

Ku bantu benshi mu gihugu cyacu, ijambo "polio" rishobora kumvikana nk'indwara idasanzwe. Impamvu ni uko, bitewe na gahunda zo gukingira zagenze neza mu gihugu cyacu, iyi ndwara yagenzuwe ku buryo itazigera imenyekana. Ariko, iyi si indwara dukwiye kwibagirwa burundu. Polio ni indwara ikomeye cyane, idakira, kandi ishobora kwica virusi ishobora no gutuma umuntu apfa burundu. Rero, ni ngombwa cyane kubimenya neza.

Mu magambo make, poliyo ni iki?

Polio, cyangwa mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi "Poliomyelitis", ni indwara yandura iterwa na virusi yitwa "Poliovirusi." Iyi virusi ahanini ifata mu muhogo no mu mara.

Akenshi, iyi ndwara nta bimenyetso itera, cyangwa ibimenyetso byoroheje gusa nk'ibicurane bisanzwe. Ariko, mu bihe bibi cyane, iyi virusi ishobora gukwirakwira mu bwonko bwacu no mu ruti rw'umugongo (imitsi iri mu ruti rw'umugongo). Iyo bibaye, imitsi idufasha guhumeka, kuvuga, kumira no kwimura amaguru n'amaboko yacu ishobora guhagarara ndetse igapfa .

Nubwo indwara ya polio itaracika burundu ku isi, inkingo zafashije kuyica mu bihugu byinshi. Kubera imbaraga z'inkingo twashoboye kugenzura iyi ndwara mbi yateje akaga ikanahitana abantu ibihumbi mu myaka 70 ishize. Ariko tugomba kwibuka ko iyo polio ihari ahantu hose ku isi, iyo abantu bahagaritse gukingirwa, ishobora kongera gukwirakwira.

Ni ibihe bimenyetso by'indwara ya poliyo?

Indwara ya poliyo ishobora kuva ku yoroshye kugeza ku ikomeye cyane. Nkuko twabivuze mbere, abantu benshi banduye poliyo nta bimenyetso bagira. Hari abantu barwara ibicurane bagakira vuba. Ariko, hari abantu bashobora kugira ibibazo bikomeye mu mitsi yabo.

Kugira ngo byoroshye kubisobanukirwa, reka turebe ibi bimenyetso muri ubu buryo.

Indwara ya poliyo yandura ite?

Virusi ya polio ikwirakwira byoroshye cyane kuva ku muntu umwe kugera ku wundi. Ikwirakwira cyane cyane binyuze mu gukora ku mwanda w'umuntu wanduye. Ishobora kandi gukwirakwira binyuze mu bitonyanga by'ubuhumekero bisohoka iyo umuntu wanduye akorora cyangwa yitsamuye.

Muri make, ushobora kwandura poliyo muri ubu buryo:

• Kudakaraba intoki neza nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero cyangwa gukora ku mwanda.
• Kunywa cyangwa kumira amazi yanduye.
• Koga mu mazi yanduye (harimo na pisine) aho virusi igaragara.
• Kurya ibiryo byogejwe mu mazi yanduye cyangwa ubikozeho n'intoki zanduye.
• Gukora ku kintu (urugero: ibikoresho by'umuryango, ibikinisho) kirimo virusi hanyuma ugakora ku munwa cyangwa ku mazuru ukoresheje icyo kiganza kimwe.
• Guhura hafi n'umuntu wanduye poliyo, nubwo yaba atagaragaza ibimenyetso.

Ni nde uri mu kaga gakomeye kurusha abandi?

Nubwo umuntu wese ashobora kwandura poliyo, hari abantu bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara.

• Abana bato badakingiwe burundu ni bo bafite ibyago byinshi byo kurwara.
• Abana bato n'abantu bakuru batakingiwe bakiri abana nabo bashobora kurwara iyi ndwara.
• Niba utuye cyangwa ujya mu bihugu aho indwara ya poliyo ikigaragara cyane, nawe uri mu kaga.

Ingorane zishobora guterwa n'indwara ya polio

Abantu benshi bakira indwara ya polio nta kibazo cy'igihe kirekire bafite. Ariko, hari ubwo virusi ishobora guteza ibibazo bikomeye. Izi ngaruka zishobora kugaragara nyuma y'imyaka myinshi.

• Ubumuga:Guhagarara kw'amaboko, amaguru, cyangwa imitsi yo guhumeka.
• Kubyimba k'ubwonko (Encephalite) cyangwa kubyimba kw'uturemangingo dukikije ubwonko n'umugongo (Meningite).
• Indwara ya polio: Intege nke nshya z'imitsi, ububabare, n'umunaniro bibaho nyuma y'imyaka myinshi indwara imaze gukira.
• Urupfu: Urupfu rushobora guterwa no kunanirwa kw'imitsi ifasha mu guhumeka.

Ni gute umuganga asuzuma indwara ya polio?

Muganga ashobora gusuzuma indwara ya poliyo asuzuma ibimenyetso byawe akanapima amazi yo mu mubiri wawe. Menya neza ko wabibwiye muganga wawe niba uherutse kugenda.

Ibipimo bikurikira bishobora gukorwa kugira ngo harebwe niba virusi ya polio ihari:

• Urugero rw'umuti wo mu muhogo
• Urugero rw'intebe
• Isuzuma ry'amaraso
• Gusuzuma amazi yakuwe mu mugongo (Lumbar puncture)

Kubera ko ibimenyetso bya poliyo bisa cyane n'iby'ibicurane bisanzwe, muganga wawe ashobora no gupima izindi ndwara.

Ese hari umuti wa poliyo?

Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi twese tugomba kumenya. Nta muti cyangwa uburyo bwihariye bwo kuvura indwara ya polio buriho. Nta muti ushobora gukiza iyi ndwara vuba.

Ikintu kimwe cyonyine gishobora gukorwa ni ugutanga ubuvuzi bufasha bugabanya ibimenyetso.

• Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri bushobora gufasha imitsi idafite imbaraga cyangwa idafite ubushobozi bwo gukora.
• Niba ufite ikibazo cyo guhumeka, ushobora gukenera gushyirwa ku mashini igufasha guhumeka (ventilator).

Ni ryari ngomba kujya kwa muganga?

Niba warahuye cyane n'umurwayi wa polio none ukaba wumva utameze neza, cyangwa niba ufite ikibazo icyo ari cyo cyose ku rukingo rwa polio, hita ubonana na muganga wawe.

By’umwihariko, niba ugize ikibazo cyo guhumeka, kuribwa umutwe cyane, cyangwa imitsi ikagira intege nke mu buryo butunguranye , jya ku bitaro bikuru by’ubutabazi bw’ibanze (ETU) bikwegereye vuba.

Ni iki wakora kugira ngo ubone ubutabazi mu rugo?

Uretse inama za muganga wawe, ushobora kubona ihumure mu rugo ukoresheje ibi bintu:

• Nywa ibinyobwa byinshi nk'amazi n'isupu.
• Shyiraho imitsi ishyushye kugira ngo ugabanye ububabare bw'imitsi.
• Kunywa imiti igabanya ububabare (ariko ntugahe umwana imiti igabanya ububabare utabanje kugisha inama muganga ).
• Kurikiza inama za muganga wawe ku bijyanye no kuvura umubiri no gukora imyitozo ngororamubiri.
• Ruhuka neza.

Umuti mwiza kurusha iyindi: kwirinda!

Uburyo bwiza, bwiza kandi bwonyine bwo kugabanya ibyago byo kurwara poliyo ni uguhabwa urukingo rwa poliyo . Uru rukingo rukunze gutangwa akiri muto. Ni ngombwa ko umwana wawe ahabwa uru rukingo ku gihe hakurikijwe gahunda y'igihugu cyacu yo gukingira.

Niba utazi neza niba warakingiwe ukiri umwana, ushobora kuvugana na muganga wawe akakugira inama.

Byongeye kandi, ushobora kandi kugabanya ibyago byawe ukoresheje:

• Karaba intoki zawe neza n'isabune n'amazi kenshi, cyane cyane nyuma yo kuva mu bwiherero no guhindura umwana amashereka.
• Niba nta mazi meza ahari, nywa amazi ari mu macupa uyakoreshe mu guteka.

Indwara ya poliyo ishobora kuba indwara idakunze kugaragara muri iki gihe, ariko ntabwo iracika burundu ku isi. Gukingiza ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kwirinda wowe n'abana bawe. Niba rero utazi neza niba wowe n'umuryango wawe mwese murazi neza ibijyanye n'inkingo zanyu, vugana na muganga wawe uyu munsi.