Ni gute wabona umubare nyawo w'indorerwamo z'amaso? Reka tuvuge kuri Retinoscopy!

Ese wigeze ukorerwa isuzuma ry'amaso? Iyo ugiye, muganga arakubaza ati: "Ese ibi birasobanutse?", "Ese ibi biraruta mbere?" Umubare w'indorerwamo zacu ugenwa n'ibisubizo dutanga. Ariko se wigeze wibaza uburyo wabona indorerwamo nyinshi ku mwana muto utabasha kuvuga neza, cyangwa ku muntu watakaje ubwenge kubera ubusaza? Niyo mpamvu ikizamini tuvuga uyu munsi, cyitwa 'Retinoscopy', ari ingenzi cyane.

Mu magambo make, 'Retinoscopy' ni iki?

Retinoscopy ni ikizamini cyihariye cyemerera umuganga w'amaso gupima neza amakosa yo mu maso yawe. Bakoresha igikoresho cyihariye gifatwa n'intoki n'urumuri rugaragara inyuma ruturutse muri retina iri imbere mu jisho.

Nubwo ikoranabuhanga ryateye imbere kandi hari ubundi buryo bwo gupima inenge z'amaso, ubu buryo bwitwa 'Retinoscopy' buracyakunzwe cyane ku isi yose. Ni ngombwa cyane mu gihe cyo gusuzuma amaso buri gihe.

Akamaro kanini k'ibi ni uko bishobora gukoreshwa mu gusuzuma amaso y'abadashobora kuvuga neza ububabare bwabo. Tekereza, ni gute waha umwana muto indorerwamo? Ntiyumva niba ashobora kubona inyuguti cyangwa atazibona. Nanone, ndetse no ku muntu utazi kuvuga, ufite ubumuga bwo mu mutwe, cyangwa ufite ikibazo cyo kuvugana bitewe n'izabukuru n'indwara zo mu bwonko, ubu buryo bushobora kubona umubare nyawo w'indorerwamo.

Iki kizamini gikora gite? Biratangaje!

Ihame ry'ibanze ry'ikizamini cya `Retinoscopy` ni ryoroshye cyane. Biterwa n'uburyo urumuri rwinjira mu jisho ryawe, runyura mu mboni y'amaso no mu mboni y'ijisho, hanyuma rugakubita `Retina` inyuma y'ijisho hanyuma rugasubira inyuma.

Mu by’ukuri, iyo urumuri rwinshi rumurikiye mu jisho, imboni isa n’aho irabagirana bitewe n’urumuri ruturutse imbere mu jisho. Ushobora kuba warabonye amaso y’injangwe yaka nijoro. Uko ni ko bimeze. Abaganga babyita fundus reflex cyangwa red reflex.

Ubusanzwe, ku muntu ufite ubushobozi bwo kureba neza, ni ukuvuga kureba 20/20, imirasire y'urumuri igaragara muri retina iri imbere mu jisho igomba kuva mu jisho ihuye. Ariko niba ufite ikosa ryo gusubira inyuma, iyi mirasire y'urumuri iragorama mu buryo butandukanye kubera iryo kosa. Icyo gihe ntabwo isohoka ihuye.

Mu kizamini cya 'Retinoscopy', muganga ashyira indorerwamo z'imbaraga zitandukanye imbere y'ijisho ryawe maze akareba indorerwamo zisubiza imirasire y'urumuri mu jisho. Imbaraga z'indorerwamo ubonye ziba inomero ya muganga w'indorerwamo zawe.

Iki kizamini gishobora kandi gufasha gusuzuma izindi ndwara z'amaso, urugero:

• Amblyopia (ijisho ry'ubunebwe): Kubona mu jisho rimwe birakomeye kurusha irindi.
• Presbyopia (kureba hafi bifitanye isano n'izabukuru): Kudashobora kubona neza ibintu byegereye uko ugenda usaza.
• Strabismus (amaso afatanye): Kudashobora gukomeza kureba amaso yombi mu cyerekezo kimwe.

Ese ugomba kwitegura mbere yo gukora ikizamini?

Akenshi, ntukenera gukora ikintu kidasanzwe kugira ngo witegure retinoscopy. Ariko, mu bihe bidasanzwe, ushobora gukenera gukora ikintu kidasanzwe. Iyo kibayeho, muganga wawe azabikubwira mbere yo gupimwa. Niba wambaye indorerwamo z'amaso, bazakubwira n'amasaha angahe mbere yo gupimwa ugomba kuzikuramo.

Mbere yo gukora retinoscopy isanzwe, muganga wawe azagushyiramo ibitonyanga byihariye mu maso. Ibi byitwa imiti ya cycloplegic. Ibi bitonyanga bibuza amaso yawe kwibanda ku kintu runaka mu gihe cyo gupimwa. Iyo bitagenze gutyo, amaso yawe azibanda ku kintu kimwe, bigatuma bigora muganga kubona umubare ukwiye w'indorerwamo zawe.

Ariko, niba muganga agiye gukora ikizamini cyihariye cyitwa `dynamic retinoscopy`, ibi bitonyanga by'amaso `(cycloplegic)` ntibizakoreshwa. Kuko icyo kizamini giterwa n'ubushobozi karemano bw'amaso yawe bwo kwibanda.

Ni iki kibaho mu gihe cy'ikizamini?

Mu gihe cyo gupima `retinoscopy`, uzicara mu ntebe mu cyumba cyijimye. Muganga azicara areba imbere yawe. Igikoresho nyamukuru gikoreshwa muri ibi ni `retinoscope`. Iki ni igikoresho gifatwa n'intoki gisa n'urumuri ruto rufite lenti nini. Urumuri n'ikirahuri cyo kureba byakozwe ku buryo muganga ashobora kumurikira ijisho ryawe icyarimwe akarireba neza.

Hanyuma, ugomba gukoresha indorerwamo zifite imbaraga zitandukanye kugira ngo urebe uburyo urumuri rw'imbere mu jisho ruhinduka. Hari uburyo bubiri bw'ingenzi bwo kubigeraho:

• `Phoropter`: Iyi ni imashini nini imeze nk'ikinyugunyugu ifite imyobo ibiri y'amaso yawe. Niba wigeze gupimwa amaso, birashoboka ko wabibonye. Mu guhindura indorerwamo zitandukanye n'imiterere yazo, muganga ashobora gusuzuma vuba imibare itandukanye.
• Indorerwamo zifata mu ntoki:Ibi bishobora kuza mu buryo bwa "lens card," bivuze ko lens nyinshi zifite imbaraga zitandukanye zishyirwa ku ikarita irambuye. Cyangwa, lens imwe imwe ishobora kwambarwa imwe imwe imbere y'ijisho (lens zifunguye).

Iyo umuganga akumurikiye urumuri akoresheje izi lens, azitondera cyane impinduka nyinshi mu mucyo w'urumuri ruri mu jisho.

Muri ubu buryo, muganga azamura itara hejuru, hasi, ibumoso, iburyo, no mu buryo butambitse inshuro nyinshi. Hagati aho, ahindura indorerwamo zitandukanye. Ashobora gukora iki gikorwa inshuro nyinshi, agahagarara hagati, agahindura itara kuri 'retinoscope', kandi agafata inyandiko mu gitabo. Ibi byose ni ibice bisanzwe by'isuzuma.

Uburyo bwihariye bwitwa `Dynamic Retinoscopy`

Ubu ni ubundi buryo bwihariye bwo gupima `Retinoscopy`. Ibi ahanini bireba ubushobozi bw'amaso yawe bwo 'kwibanda' ku bintu biri hafi yawe. Abaganga babyita 'icumbi'.

Muri iki kizamini cya 'dynamic retinoscopy', ntushyira ibitonyanga by'amaso mu maso yawe nk'uko wabivuze. Ahubwo, muganga wawe agusaba kureba ibintu biri ku ntera zitandukanye. Hari ibintu bishobora kuba biri hagati yawe na muganga, ibindi bikaba biri inyuma ya muganga. Mu gihe ureba ibyo bintu, muganga wawe areba amaso yawe akoresheje 'retinoscope'. Hanyuma, arebye uburyo urumuri rugenda imbere mu jisho ryawe, ashobora kumenya niba ubushobozi bw'amaso yawe bwo kwibanda (kwita ku jisho) bukora neza.

Bigenda bite nyuma y'ikizamini?

Niba warahawe ibitonyanga by'amaso bya cycloplegic mu kizamini cyawe, amaso yawe azavunguka igihe runaka nyuma y'ikizamini. Ibi bivuze ko amaso yawe azavunguka gato. Igihe bifata kugira ngo ingaruka z'ibi bitonyanga zishire gitandukanye bitewe n'umuntu ku wundi. Muganga wawe azakubwira igihe gisanzwe bifata.

Nanone, ushobora guhabwa uburinzi bw'agateganyo, nk'indorerwamo z'izuba, zo kwambara iyo ugiye hanze. Kubera ko ibi bitonyanga by'amaso bibuza imitwe yawe y'umukara kwaguka no kwifata ubwayo. Ibi bivuze ko bidashobora kugabanya urumuri rwinjira mu maso yawe iyo uri ahantu haka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, amaso yawe ashobora kumva asa n'aho arimo gushya.

Ese hari ingaruka zishobora guterwa n'iki kizamini?

Mu by’ukuri, ikizamini cya `Retinoscopy` ni ikizamini cyizewe cyane kidafite ingaruka cyangwa ingaruka mbi .

Ibitonyanga by'amaso byavuzwe haruguru bishobora gutera ingaruka mbi nto, ariko akenshi ntabwo ari bibi cyane. Nanone, bimwe mu bice by'ikizamini bishobora kugora umuntu ubangamiwe n'urumuri rwinshi (photophobia). Niba ufite ubwo burwayi nk'ubwo ku rumuri, bibwira muganga wawe mbere yo gupimwa. Niba ufite ikibazo ku ngaruka mbi z'ibitonyanga by'amaso, ushobora kubaza muganga wawe.

Ni ibihe bisubizo nzabona? Nkore iki nyuma?

Nyuma yuko muganga arangije gupima retinoscopy, azabara imiti yawe (cyangwa iy'uwo ukunda). Iyi mibare isa n'iyo ubona ubaza ibibazo. Muganga azasobanura icyo iyi mibare isobanura, n'uko ikugiraho ingaruka.

Niba ibisubizo byemeza ko udafite icyerekezo cya 20/20, ni iki gikurikiraho?

Niba ari uko bimeze, muganga wawe azakubwira uburyo bwiza bwo gukosora amaso yawe. Uburyo bukunze gukoreshwa ni indorerwamo cyangwa indorerwamo z'amaso . Hari abantu bashobora no kubagwa uburyo bwo gukosora amaso nka LASIK.

Indorerwamo nziza ni nk'ikoti rigenewe umuntu udoda. Umuganga w'amaso ukora retinoscopy ni nk'umudozi w'umuhanga, udoda buri dori kugeza igihe ukwiriye neza. Ubu buryo bumaze imyaka irenga 150, ariko buracyakoreshwa mu isuzuma ry'amaso risanzwe na n'ubu. Rero, niba wowe cyangwa uwo ukunda muri iki kizamini, ushobora kwizera ko muganga wawe azagushakira indorerwamo nziza.