Niba urwaye diyabete, ugomba kwita ku maso yawe by'umwihariko. Diyabete ishobora kwangiza amaso yawe. Ibi byitwa diyabete retinopathy. Muri make, ibi bibaho iyo isukari nyinshi mu maraso mu gihe kirekire yangiza imiyoboro y'amaraso yoroshye mu gice cy'ijisho cyitwa retina. Uko igihe kigenda gihita, ibi bishobora gutuma utabona neza ndetse no guhuma. Bityo rero ni ngombwa kubimenya.
Ikintu cyiza ni uko twakwirinda ko iki kibazo kibaho cyangwa ngo kidindize umuvuduko wacyo. Si abantu bose barwaye diyabete bazayirwara. Ariko hafi kimwe cya kabiri cy'abantu barwaye diyabete bayirwara ku rugero runaka. Ikibazo gikomeye ni uko mu ntangiriro, nta bimenyetso bigaragara. Bityo ushobora kuba utazi ko ufite iyo ndwara.
Ibyiciro bine bya retinopathy ya diyabete
Indwara ya diyabete yo mu bwoko bwa Retinopathy ikura mu byiciro bine by'ingenzi. Reka noneho tuvuge muri make kuri buri cyiciro. Bizakoroha gusobanukirwa aya makuru mu mbonerahamwe.
| Urugendo | Ibibera imbere mu jisho | Ingaruka ku cyerekezo n'icyo gukora |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Retinopathy yoroshye idatera imbere mu mubiri | Microaneurysms zibaho mu mitsi mito y'amaraso iri muri retina y'ijisho. Ibi bishobora gutera kuva amaraso guke. | Ubusanzwe nta kibazo cyo kutabona gihari. Genzura diyabete, umuvuduko w'amaraso, na cholesterol neza. Suzuma amaso yawe rimwe mu mwaka. |
| 2. Retinopathy iciriritse idatera imbere mu mubiri | Imitsi y'amaraso irabyimba, imwe ikaziba, ibyo bigatuma amaraso anyura muri retina agabanuka. | Kureba bishobora kugira ingaruka. Indwara yitwa DME (Diabetic Macular Edema) ishobora kubaho. Muganga akugira inama yo gusuzumisha amaso yawe buri mezi 3-6. |
| 3. Retinopathy ikabije idatera imbere mu mubiri | Imiyoboro myinshi y'amaraso iraziba. Kubera ko retina ibura amaraso, hakoherezwa ibimenyetso kugira ngo hakorwe imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso. Inkovu zishobora kuvuka. | Ingaruka zo kutabona neza ni nyinshi. Kubona neza bishobora kugaragara nk'ibidasobanutse neza kandi hakagaragara n'ibireremba. Kuvura bishobora guhagarika kwangirika kurushaho. |
| 4. Indwara ya Diyabete itera imbere (PDR) | Kubera ko imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso (neovascularization) iba idakomeye, iracika kandi ikava amaraso byoroshye. Ibi bishobora gutuma inkovu zivuka ndetse n'impinja zigacika. | Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane. Gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu bishobora kubaho. Ni ngombwa kuvurwa ako kanya. |
Reka turebe iki cyiciro mu buryo burambuye.
Icyiciro cya 1 n'icya 2 (Retinopathy yoroheje n'iciriritse)
Mu ntangiriro, ushobora kutabona impinduka iyo ari yo yose. Ariko kwangirika kwatangiye kugaragara mu jisho. Mu cyiciro cya kabiri, imiyoboro y'amaraso irabyimba, bigatera indwara yitwa Diabetic Macular Edema (DME) . Ibi ni igihe amaraso n'amazi byirundanyije mu gice cy'ijisho cyitwa macula. Wibuke ko macula ari yo idufasha kubona neza, nko gusoma, gutwara imodoka, no kumenya abantu. Iyo ibyimbye, amaso yawe atangira kubura.
Igikuru ni uko umuntu wese urwaye diyabete agomba kwisuzumisha amaso ye nibura rimwe mu mwaka. Muri ubwo buryo, iyi ndwara ishobora kumenyekana hakiri kare.
Icyiciro cya Gatatu n'icya Kane (Retinopathy ikomeye kandi ikwirakwira)
Iyo bigeze ku cyiciro cya gatatu, ibintu biba bikomeye kurushaho. Imiyoboro myinshi y'amaraso irafunze. Ibi bivuze ko retina itabona umwuka n'intungamubiri ikeneye. Muri icyo gihe, retina yohereza ubutumwa ku bwonko, bugira buti: "Nta maraso ahagije mfite, kora imiyoboro mishya y'amaraso."
Mu cyiciro cya kane, cyangwa ikinini cyane (PDR), iyi mitsi mishya y'amaraso ni yo itera ikibazo. Iba ifite intege nke nk'amababi kandi iracika vuba. Iraturika ikanava amaraso mu jisho. Ibi bitera inkovu, kandi uko inkovu zigenda zigabanuka, retina ishobora kuva inyuma y'ijisho. Ibi twita gutandukana kw'ijisho . Ibi nibibaho, ushobora gutakaza ubushobozi bwo kureba burundu.
Namenya nte icyiciro ndimo?
Ntushobora gufata icyemezo wenyine. Kugira ngo ibi bigerweho, ugomba gusuzumwa amaso n'inzobere. Muganga ashobora gukora ibizamini byinshi kugira ngo amenye neza indwara yawe:
- Isuzuma ry'amaso muri rusange: Rigenzura uko ubona neza mu ntera zitandukanye.
- Gupima umuvuduko w'imbere mu jisho: Ibi bipima umuvuduko w'imbere mu jisho.
- Gukuramo Imboni: Ibi bikubiyemo kwagura imboni yawe ukoresheje ibitonyanga by'amaso no gusuzuma imbere mu jisho ryawe ukoresheje igikoresho cyihariye. Ubu ni bwo buryo bwiza bwo kureba niba hari ibyangiritse ku mitsi y'amaraso iri muri retina yawe.
- Gupima OCT (Optical Coherence Tomography): Ibi ni nko gufata amafoto y'imbere mu jisho. Bikoresha imiraba y'urumuri kugira ngo bifate amafoto y'igice cya retina kugira ngo harebwe indwara nka DME.
- Indwara ya Fluorescein Angiogram: Ibi bikubiyemo gutera irangi ryihariye mu mutsi uri mu kuboko kwawe. Mu gihe irangi rigendana amaraso mu jisho ryawe, muganga wawe akoresha kamera idasanzwe kugira ngo afate amafoto y'imitsi iri mu jisho ryawe. Ibi bituma babona neza niba hari amaraso ava mu mitsi cyangwa niba yazibye.
Nyuma y'ibi bizamini, muganga azagusobanurira uko ugeze mu cyiciro runaka.
Ni ubuhe buryo bwo kuvura ibi?
Ubusanzwe, mu ntangiriro z'indwara, muganga wawe azakurikirana uko umeze. Ikintu cy'ingenzi ni ugufata neza diyabete yawe, umuvuduko w'amaraso, na cholesterol.
Iyo indwara irushijeho gukomera cyangwa DME ikavuka, hashobora kuba ngombwa ko uvura.
- Inshinge zo mu maso: Inshinge zishyirwa mu jisho kugira ngo imitsi mishya y'amaraso ihagarike gukura.
- Kubagwa hakoreshejwe laser: Imirasire ya laser ikoreshwa mu gufunga imiyoboro y'amaraso irimo kuva amaraso no kugenzura iremwa ry'imiyoboro mishya.
- Imiti ya Steroid: Kubyimba bigenzurwa n'inshinge zirimo steroid cyangwa udukoresho duto (implants) dushyirwa mu jisho.
Hari igihe imiti irenze imwe muri iyi ishobora gukenerwa icyarimwe. Wibuke ko muganga wawe ari we uzaguhitiramo uburyo bwiza bwo kuvura. Bityo rero, vugana na muganga wawe ukuri ku bintu byose.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Uburyo bwiza bwo kurinda amaso yawe ni ukugenzura neza diyabete yawe. Komeza urugero rw'isukari mu maraso yawe ruri ku rugero rukwiye.
- Niba urwaye diyabete, ni ngombwa ko wipimisha amaso nibura rimwe mu mwaka, nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite .
- Iyo iki kibazo kigaragaye hakiri kare , hari amahirwe menshi yo kwirinda kutabona neza.
- Niba muganga wawe akubwiye ko urwaye indwara ya diyabete retinopathy, ntugatinye. Kora ibizamini byawe ku gihe kandi ukurikize amabwiriza ya muganga wawe.
- Mbere yo gufata icyemezo cy'uburyo ubwo aribwo bwose bwo kuvura, ganira na muganga wawe neza.
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