Dushobora guhura n'impanuka mu gihe kidasanzwe. Muri icyo gihe, hari amahirwe menshi ko imvune ikomeye yahindura ubuzima bwacu bwose. Mu buryo bw'ubuvuzi, imvune nk'izo twita '(Imvune Ikomeye)'. Iyi ni indwara ikomeye cyane kandi ishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga. Bityo rero, ni ngombwa cyane ko buri wese amenyeshwa neza ibi.
Mu magambo make, imvune ikabije ni iki?
Mu magambo make, "Imvune ibabaje" ni imvune iyo ari yo yose iterwa n'impanuka kandi ishobora kwangiza umubiri cyane, rimwe na rimwe ikaba yanashyira ubuzima mu kaga. Urugero, imvune itera kuva amaraso menshi cyangwa gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe ibarizwa muri iki cyiciro.
Mu by’ukuri, imvune nk’izo zikunze kugaragara muri Sri Lanka. Umubare munini w’abarwayi bakirwa mu bitaro bitanga ubufasha bw’ibanze (ETUs) ku munsi uwo ari wo wose bagiye bahura n’izo mvune. Izi mvune zishobora kubaho mu rugo, ku kazi, cyangwa mu gihe batwaye imodoka cyangwa bagenda mu muhanda.
Impanuka zo kugwa n'iz'imodoka akenshi ni zo mpamvu nyamukuru zitera izi mvune zikomeye. Zishobora kandi guterwa n'ibikorwa by'urugomo nko gukubita, gukomeretsa, cyangwa kurasa.
Igikuru ni uko imvune ikomeye nk'iyi ari ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi . Niba ubona ko wowe cyangwa undi muntu yakomeretse bikomeye, mujyane mu bitaro byita ku barwayi barembye (ETU) vuba.
Impanuka nk'iyi ni ikintu gihindura ubuzima. Ntigira ingaruka kuri wewe gusa, ahubwo ikagira ingaruka no ku bagize umuryango wawe bakwitaho. Bifata igihe kugira ngo uruhuke nk'uru rukire. Gukira bishobora kugenda buhoro. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane ko wihanganira wowe ubwawe n'abakukikije.
Ese hari ubwoko bw'imvune zikomeye?
Yego, abaganga bashyira izi mvune mu byiciro bakurikije uko zabayeho n'ingaruka zigira ku mubiri. Hari ubwoko butatu bw'ingenzi. Reka tubirebe kugira ngo byoroshye kubyumva.
| Ubwoko bw'imvune | Ibisobanuro byoroshye |
|---|---|
| Ihungabana rya Blunt force | Ubu ni bwo bwoko bukunze kugaragara cyane. Bubaho iyo ikintu gikubise umubiri cyane. Urugero, kugwa uturutse hejuru, kugongwa n'ikinyabiziga, cyangwa kugongwa n'ikintu gikomeye. Ibi bishobora gutera amagufwa kuvunika, kuva amaraso imbere, gukomereka cyane, no gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe (gukomereka bikomeye mu mutwe). |
| Ibikomere biterwa no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko mu buryo butunguranye (Deceleration trauma) | Tekereza uri mu modoka irimo kugenda ku muvuduko mwinshi hanyuma ikagonga ikintu gitunguranye. Umubiri wawe nawo uri kugenda imbere ku muvuduko umwe maze ugakubitwa. Iyo umutwe wawe ugonze umuvuduko, ubwonko buri mu mutwe wawe bushobora kwiruka bugana inyuma no hejuru ku gahanga kawe. Ibi bishobora kwangiza ubwonko cyane. |
| Ihungabana ryinjira mu mubiri | Ibi bibaho iyo ikintu gityaye cyinjira mu ruhu kikinjira mu mubiri. Urugero, harimo gukubitwa n'icyuma cyangwa gukomeretswa n'isasu. Ubu bwoko bw'imvune bushobora no kubaho iyo ikintu gityaye (nk'insinga) gikuruwe cyangwa kigwaho, cyangwa iyo cyamenetse n'ibisasu mu gihe cy'iturika. |
Ni gute umuganga afata icyemezo cy'uko iki ari "igikomere gikomeye cyane"?
Muri rusange, iyo habayeho imvune nyinshi zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga icyarimwe ahantu henshi ku mubiri, bifatwa nk' "imvune ikomeye cyane." Abaganga bakoresha uburyo busanzwe bwo gupima ubukana bw'izo mvune. Byitwa Injury Severity Score (ISS) .
Ubu buryo bufasha abaganga gufata ibyemezo byo kuvura bareba umurwayi wese mu buryo bumwe. Urugero, ubu buryo bwo gutanga amanota bubafasha gufata icyemezo cyo kugumana umurwayi mu bitaro cyangwa kumwohereza mu bindi bitaro kugira ngo avurwe by’umwihariko.
Utanga aya manota ute?
Abaganga batekereza ku bintu bibiri by'ingenzi:
- Umubare w'ibikomere: Andika umubare w'ibikomere biri mu bice byinshi by'umubiri (umutwe n'ijosi, mu maso, mu muhogo, mu nda no mu kibuno, mu maboko no mu birenge, no mu ruhu).
- Uburemere bw'imvune: Imvune ifatwa nk'iyoroheje, iri hagati, ikomeye, ikomeye cyane, ikomeye cyane, cyangwa idakira. Uko imvune iba ikomeye cyane, niko amanota aba menshi.
Hashingiwe kuri ibi bintu, ibice bitatu by'ingenzi by'umubiri bifite ibikomere bikomeye cyane biramenyekana, bigahabwa amanota, hanyuma hagakorwa amanota ya ISS. Amanota ya ISS ya 15 cyangwa arenga afatwa nk'igikomere gikomeye cyane.
Ni izihe ndwara zindi zishobora guterwa n'imvune nk'izi?
Gukomereka gukomeye bishobora gutera indwara zitandukanye. Zimwe muri zo zirimo:
- Amagufwa yavunitse, harimo n'amagufwa yo mu ruti rw'umugongo.
- Ibihaha byacitse.
- Gukata cyane.
- Ihungabana ry'amashanyarazi.
- Igituza cyoroshye.
- Gukomeretsa ubwonko bikabije (TBI) ni igikomere gikomeye ku mutwe, nko kuvunika umutwe cyangwa kuva amaraso mu bwonko.
- Kuva amaraso menshi (Kuva amaraso menshi).
- Guhungabana kw'amaraso mu mubiri (Hypovolemic shock) ni indwara iterwa no kugabanuka k'umuvuduko w'amaraso.
- Ibikomere byo mu mugongo .
- Kuva amaraso imbere bitewe no kwangirika kw'ingingo z'imbere (urugero: pancreas, urwagashya).
- Gucika ingingo mu buryo butunguranye ni ugutakaza urugingo, urugero nk'ukuboko cyangwa ukuguru, bitewe n'impanuka.
- Aorta, umuyoboro munini w'amaraso, iracika.
Ni gute ubuvuzi butangwa mu Ishami rishinzwe Ubuvuzi bwihutirwa (ETU)?
Iyo umurwayi amaze kugezwa mu cyumba cy’ubutabazi bw’ibanze, itsinda ry’abaganga rihita rifata ingamba z’ibanze zikenewe kugira ngo rirokore ubuzima. Ubu buryo buzwi nka ABCDE method.
| Intambwe | Ni iki kiri gukorwa |
|---|---|
| A - Umuhanda w'indege | Icya mbere cyo gukora ni ukureba niba umurwayi ashobora guhumeka neza kandi niba inzira y'ubuhumekero yafunzwe. |
| B - Guhumeka | Guhumeka birasuzumwa. Indwara nk'iy'ibihaha byacitse (pneumothorax) irasuzumwa. Umuyoboro w'amaraso ugenzurwa kugira ngo umenye neza ko uri mu mwanya wawo neza. |
| C - Kuzenguruka kw'amaraso | Iyo hari ibikomere birimo kuva amaraso hanze, bihita bivurwa. Bakanasuzumwa ibimenyetso byo kuva amaraso imbere ndetse niba umurwayi arimo kugira impanuka. |
| D - Ubumuga (Indwara y'imitsi) | Ibizamini bikenewe birimo gukorwa kugira ngo hamenyekane niba hari ibyangiritse ku mitsi cyangwa uruti rw'umugongo. |
| E - Guhura n'ikibazo (ikizamini cyuzuye) | Kuramo imyenda yose y'umurwayi hanyuma usuzume neza umubiri wose kugira ngo urebe neza ko nta bikomere bitagaragara byabuze. |
Abaganga bahora bavura imvune zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga kurusha izindi. Akenshi, umuganga w’inzobere mu kubaga abaga byihutirwa kugira ngo acunge imvune cyangwa indwara zishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga.
Uburyo uvurwa buzaterwa n'ubwoko bw'imvune zawe. Ushobora kandi gukenera ubufasha bw'inzobere mu by'amagufwa n'abaganga b'imitsi.
Kuvura bigomba gukomeza mu gihe cyose cyo gukira. Urugero:
- Ubuvuzi bw'umubiri
- Ubuvuzi bw'akazi
- Gutanga ubufasha mu by'imitekerereze - gufasha mu bihe nk'ihungabana, guhangayika, n'indwara yo guhangayika nyuma yo guhungabana (PTSD).
Ese impanuka nk'izi ntizishobora kwirindwa?
Impanuka ntizishobora kwirindwa 100%. Ariko hari ibyo dushobora gukora kugira ngo tugabanye ibyago byo gukora impanuka. Urugero, impanuka z'imodoka ni zo zitera imvune zikomeye.
Buri gihe wambara umukandara w'imodoka iyo uri mu modoka. Ntukigere utwara imodoka wanyoye inzoga cyangwa ibiyobyabwenge, cyangwa wanyoye imiti iyo ari yo yose igutera gusinzira, kabone n'iyo yaba yanditswe na muganga. Ibi bintu byoroheje bishobora kurokora ubuzima bwawe.
Igikomere gikomeye gishobora kubaho mu kanya gato. Ariko bishobora gufata amezi, ndetse n'imyaka, kugira ngo gikire neza. Nubwo ibikomere byo ku mubiri bikira, ibikomere byo mu mutima bifata igihe kugira ngo bikire. Niba uri wenyine uhanganye n'ingaruka z'impanuka nk'iyi, nyamuneka shaka ubufasha kwa muganga wawe.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Imvune ziterwa n'ihungabana bivuze ibikomere bikomeye bishobora gushyira ubuzima mu kaga cyangwa bikaba byanahitana.
- Impanuka z'imodoka n'iy'imodoka ni byo bintu by'ingenzi bitera ibi.
- Imvune nk'iyi ni ikibazo cyihutirwa cy'ubuvuzi. Jyana umurwayi mu ishami ryita ku barwayi barembye (ETU) byihutirwa by'ibitaro.
- Gukira bifata igihe. Ubuzima bwo mu mutwe ni ingenzi kimwe n'ubuzima bw'umubiri.
- Ukurikije ingamba z’umutekano (urugero: kwambara imikandara y’imodoka, kwirinda kunywa inzoga no gutwara imodoka), ushobora kugabanya ibyago byo guhura n’impanuka.
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