Atherosclerosis ni indwara aho imitsi ijyana amaraso mu mutima wawe igenda igabanuka buhoro buhoro ikabuzwa n'ibinure byinshi. Iyo iyi ndwara ibaye ikomeye, ishobora gutera ububabare mu gituza no kugorwa no guhumeka. Akenshi, uburyo bwa mbere bwo kuvura iyi ndwara ni imiti. Ariko rimwe na rimwe, imiti yonyine ntishobora kugenzura iyo ndwara. Muri bene iyo mimerere, abaganga bafata icyemezo cyo gukora ikindi kintu, ni ukuvuga uburyo bugoye gato bwo kuvura. Uyu munsi turaganira ku buryo bubiri nk'ubwo bwo kuvura.
Uburyo bwa mbere: Angioplasty na Stenting
Ubu ni bwo buryo bukunze gukoreshwa cyane. Mu magambo make, bukubiyemo gufungura umuyoboro w'amaraso wafunzwe uturutse imbere. Uburyo bikorwa birashishikaje cyane.
Ubwa mbere, umuganga azakora ikizamini cyihariye cya X-ray cyitwa "Coronary Angiogram." Ibi bishobora kureba neza aho imiyoboro y'amaraso mu mutima yazibye n'ingano yayo. Hanyuma, umuyoboro muto cyane (catheter) unyuzwa mu miyoboro minini y'amaraso iri mu kuboko cyangwa ku kuguru ukagera ku muyoboro wazibye mu mutima. Ibi bikorwa mu buryo bwitondewe cyane.
Hanyuma, hashyirwamo amazi yihariye (irangi) binyuze muri uyu muyoboro. Aya mazi agaragara neza kuri ecran ya X-ray, bityo aho yazibye hashobora kugaragara neza. Noneho akazi nyako karatangiye.
Agapira gato kari ku mpera y'umuyoboro karashyuha aho umuyoboro wapfutse. Ibi bifungura umuyoboro muto kandi ufunganye, bigatuma amaraso asubira mu buryo busanzwe. Akenshi, nyuma y'uko agapira gashyuha kandi umuyoboro ukafungurwa, umuyoboro muto w'urushundura ushyirwamo kugira ngo umwobo udafunga ukundi. Ibyo ni byo twita "stent." Iyi stent imeze nk'isoko ishyirwa mu muyoboro, igafasha mu gutuma umuyoboro ufunguka.
Ubu buryo bukoreshwa mu kugabanya ububabare bukabije bwo mu gituza (`Angina`) no gufungura vuba imitsi yazibye mu gihe cy'indwara y'umutima. Bugira ibyago bike byo kugira ibibazo, kandi ushobora gukira vuba ugataha mu rugo mu gihe gito nk'umunsi umwe.
Uburyo bwa kabiri: Kubaga indwara ya coronary bypass
Iki gikorwa ni ikintu gikomeye. Ijambo "Bypass" risobanura "umuhanda uzenguruka". Hari ikintu nk'icyo kibaho hano. Tekereza ko hari urujya n'uruza rw'imodoka nyinshi mu muhanda, kandi nta modoka zigenda. Hanyuma icyo dukora ni ukubaka umuhanda mushya, umuhanda wo ku ruhande, kugira ngo urenge uwo mubare w'imodoka. Ibyo ni byo bibaho mu gikorwa cyo kunyura mu muhanda.
Umuganga ubaga akura igice cy'imitsi y'amaraso imeze neza mu kaguru kawe, mu kuboko, cyangwa mu gituza.Barabifata. Hanyuma, bakoresha icyo gice cy'umuyoboro kugira ngo barenge umutsi ufunganye mu mutima maze batume amaraso atembera mu nzira nshya. Ni ukuvuga ko bahuza uyu muyoboro mushya hejuru no munsi y'aho ufunganye. Hanyuma amaraso atembera muri iyi "nzira nshya yo kunyuramo" aho kunyura mu gace kafunganye.
Abaganga babyita "Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting" cyangwa "CABG" mu magambo ahinnye. Abantu bacu banabyita "kubaga imyuka y'ibijumba" mu rurimi rwabo rw'ikinyarwanda.
Kubaga bypass bitanga ihumure rikomeye ku bubabare bwo mu gituza. Bishobora kandi gufasha kongera igihe cyo kubaho cy’abantu barwaye diyabete cyangwa abafite imitsi ifunganye cyane.
Ariko ibuka ko ubu ari ukubaga gukomeye. Bityo, bishobora gufata ibyumweru, ndetse n'amezi, kugira ngo bikire. Ariko, kubaga bigezweho bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo gukata buke burimo gukorwaho ubushakashatsi.
Stent? Bypass? Ni iyihe ikubereye?
Noneho ushobora kuba wibaza uti "Ese kubagwa hakoreshejwe stent cyangwa bypass ni byiza kuri njye?" Nta gisubizo cyoroshye gihari. Icyo cyemezo gishingiye ku bintu byinshi, harimo imiterere yawe, umubare w'imitsi yazibye, n'imiterere yayo. Muganga wawe ni we muntu mwiza wo gufata icyo cyemezo. Reka tugereranye ibyiza n'ibibi by'aya mahitamo abiri.
| Kwita ku byo umuntu yakwitaho | Gutera amenyo | Kubaga indwara yo mu kibuno (CABG) |
|---|---|---|
| Imyaka yo kubaho iyo imiyoboro myinshi ifunze | Nta bimenyetso bifatika bigaragaza ko byongera igihe cyo kubaho. Ni byiza gukoresha neza mu kurwanya ibimenyetso. | Ni byiza cyane. Byagaragaye ko byongera igihe cyo kubaho cy'abafite imitsi ifunganye cyane. |
| Kugabanya ububabare bwo mu gituza (Angina) | Igenzura ububabare neza cyane, ariko ububabare bushobora kugaruka uko igihe kigenda. | Igenzura ububabare neza cyane kandi ishobora gutanga ihumure ry'igihe kirekire kurusha stent. |
| Mu gihe cy'impanuka (indwara y'umutima) | Ni byiza cyane. Bishobora gukorwa mu minota mike, bityo ushobora kwirinda ibyago n'igihe cyo gukira bitewe no kubagwa bikomeye. | Ntabwo ikoreshwa mu bihe byihutirwa. Isaba igihe kinini n'imyiteguro. |
| Igihe cyo gukira | Ni igihe gito cyane. Ushobora gutaha mu munsi umwe cyangwa ibiri. | Bifata igihe. Bishobora gufata ibyumweru bike kugeza ku mezi make kugira ngo umuntu akire neza. |
Ubundi buryo bwo guca amenyo (atheroctomie)
Ni gake cyane, hari ubwo hakoreshwa ubundi buryo uretse stent cyangwa bypasses. Ibi birimo gukuraho urwego rw'ibinure (plaque) ruri mu mitsi.
- Kuvura indwara yo mu nda: Igikoresho gifite diyama kizunguruka ku muvuduko mwinshi, kigasenya urwego rw'ibinure rukomeye.
- Uburyo bwo gukata amenyo hakoreshejwe Directional Atherectomy: Urushyi ruzunguruka ruca urwego rw'ibinure, rujyana ibice muri catheter, hanyuma rukabikura mu mubiri.
Nubwo ubu buryo bwumvikana neza, ntabwo bufite akamaro nk'udusimba two mu mitsi cyangwa udusimba two mu mitsi. Akenshi bukoreshwa mu gukuraho imitsi gato mbere yo gushyiraho stent.
Bigenda bite nyuma yo kuvurwa? Reka twongere dutangire ubuzima!
Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi kurusha ibindi. Wibuke ko kuba ufite stent cyangwa bypass, bitahagarika inzira ya atherosclerosis. Bikuraho gusa kuziba gukomeye kuriho. Ibi bishobora no kubaho no mu yindi mitsi.
Bityo rero, nyuma yo kuvurwa nk'uku, ugomba kwitonda kurusha mbere. Ni ngombwa guhindura imibereho yawe no gukoresha imiti neza nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
Umuti ugomba kuba ufite
Akenshi, nyuma y’ubu buryo bwo kuvura, muganga azakwandikira imiti myinshi yo gufata buri munsi.
- Imiti yo mu bwoko bwa statin: Igabanya urugero rwa cholesterol mbi mu maraso.
- Aspirine: Irinda kuvura amaraso.
- Imiti nka Clopidogrel, Prasugrel, Ticagrelor: Iyi ni imiti irinda kuvura amaraso. Cyane cyane ku muntu washyizwemo stent, iyi miti ishobora gukenera gufatwa mu gihe cy'ukwezi kumwe kugeza ku mwaka.
- Imiti y'umuvuduko w'amaraso: cyane cyane imiti nka `(Beta-blockers)` na `(ACE inhibitors)`.
Ingeso z'ingenzi
- Imyitozo ngororamubiri: Imyitozo ngororamubiri nibura iminota 30 ku munsi, nibura iminsi itanu mu cyumweru. Ndetse no kugenda n'amaguru ni byiza.
- Indyo nziza: Kurya nibura imbuto n'imboga incuro 5 ku munsi. Gabanya amavuta, umunyu n'isukari.
- Irinde kunywa itabi burundu: Iki ni cyo kintu cy'ingenzi cyane. Iyo unywa itabi, nta na kimwe muri ibi bizagufasha.
Nyuma y'ubu buryo bwo kuvurwa, uzumva umeze nk'aho ufite ubuzima bushya. Izi ngeso zizagufasha kubaho ubuzima bwiza kandi wishimye.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Atherosclerosis ni indwara ifata igihe kirekire. Kuvura hakoreshejwe stent cyangwa bypass bikuraho gusa kuziba gukomeye kwamaze kubaho, ariko ntibikiza burundu indwara.
- Muganga wawe azagena niba stent cyangwa bypass ari byo byiza kuri wewe, bitewe n'ibintu nk'ubuzima bwawe, umubare w'ibiziba, n'igihe byihutirwa.
- Nyuma yo kuvurwa, ni ngombwa guhindura imibereho yawe no gufata imiti wanditswe nawe nk'uko byategetswe kugira ngo wirinde ibibazo bizaza.
- Niba ufite impungenge cyangwa gushidikanya, buri gihe ubiganireho na muganga wawe , aho gufata ibyemezo wenyine. Ntukigere uhagarika cyangwa ngo uhindure imiti utabanje kugirwa inama na muganga.
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Ishyirireho intego ya calorie hanyuma ubare itariki yo kugabanya ibiro.