Iyo wumvise ijambo "cholesterol", ni iki kikuza mu mutwe? Akenshi, ni indwara yibasira abantu bakuze n'abafite umubyibuho ukabije, si byo se? Ariko ushobora gutungurwa no kumenya ko n'umuntu ukiri muto, uri mu kigero cy'imyaka 20, ashobora kugira indwara ikomeye y'umutima. Mu by'ukuri, urugero rwa cholesterol nyinshi mu bana bato ni rurerure kurusha uko tubitekereza, kandi abantu benshi ntibabizi. Uyu munsi, tugiye kuvuga kuri iyi ngingo itunguranye ariko y'ingenzi cyane.
Brandon Wilson yagize indwara y'umutima ya mbere ubwo yari afite imyaka 29. Umunsi umwe, yumvise ububabare bukomeye mu gituza. Nyina n'inshuti ye magara bahise bamujyana mu cyumba cy'ubutabazi bw'ibanze (ETU) cy'ibitaro. Ariko mbere, abaganga ntibashoboraga kwemera ko umuntu ukiri muto cyane ashobora kugira indwara y'umutima. Nyuma, ibizamini byagaragaje ko Brandon yari afite ikibazo cya 99% mu mitsi minini y'amaraso ijyana amaraso mu mutima we. Yari afite indwara y'umurage yitwa cholesterol nyinshi. Iyi nkuru itwereka ko cholesterol atari ikibazo cy'imyaka gusa.
Heart disease risk
Check the risk of developing a heart disease within the next 10 years with the Framingham Score
Kolesteroli ni iki? Kuki ari ingenzi ku rubyiruko?
Muri make, cholesterol ni ubwoko bw'ibinure ingenzi mu gukura kw'uturemangingo mu mubiri wacu no gukora imisemburo imwe n'imwe. Ariko ibibazo bivuka iyo ari byinshi cyane.
Iyo tuvuze kuri cholesterol, tuba tuvuga ku bwoko bubiri bw'ingenzi, sibyo?
- Kolesteroli ya LDL (Lipoporoteyine ntoya): Iyi ni yo twita kolesteroli "mbi". Iyo yiyongera, ishobora kwirunda ku nkuta z'imitsi yacu y'amaraso, ikayifunga. Iyi ni yo mpamvu nyamukuru itera indwara nk'indwara z'umutima na stroke.
- Cholesterol ya HDL (High-Density Lipoprotein): Iyi niyo twita "cholesterol nziza". Ibi biterwa nuko itwara cholesterol mbi nyinshi iva mu mitsi y'amaraso ikayijyana mu mwijima ikayikura mu mubiri. Bityo rero, kugira HDL nyinshi ni byiza ku mutima.
Urubyiruko rwinshi rutekereza ko rugomba guhangayikishwa n’ibinure bya cholesterol iyo rukuze. Ariko iryo ni ikosa rikomeye. Ikibazo nyamukuru ni uko nubwo urugero rwa cholesterol yawe rwaba ruri hejuru, rushobora kutagaragaza ibimenyetso ukiri muto. Ibyo bivuze ko ushobora kuba wangiza byinshi imbere nta kibazo.
Ingaruka zo kurwara cholesterol ikomoka ku nkomoko - Familyal Hypercholesterolemia (FH)
Ubusanzwe, cholesterol iriyongera bitewe n'amakosa mu mibereho nk'ibiryo turya no kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri. Ariko, Familyal Hypercholesterolemia, cyangwa FH mu magambo ahinnye, ni indwara itandukanye.
FH ni indwara iterwa n'ubusembwa bw'uturemangingo. Ibi bivuze ko ihererekanywa kuva ku gisekuru kugera ku kindi, kuva ku babyeyi kugeza ku bana. Abantu bafite iyi ndwara bafite ikibazo aho imibiri yabo idashobora gukura cholesterol mbi ya LDL mu maraso yabo neza. Kubera iyo mpamvu, urugero rwa LDL mu maraso yabo ruba ruri hejuru cyane kuva bavutse.
Bivugwa ko umuntu umwe kuri buri bantu 250 ku isi afite FH. Ariko ikibabaje ni uko abenshi muri aba bantu batazi ko bafite iyo ndwara.
| Ikiranga | Igipimo cy'amavuta menshi ya cholesterol gisanzwe | Indwara ya hypercholesterolemia yo mu muryango (FH) |
|---|---|---|
| Impamvu | Ahanini imibereho (imirire, kudakora imyitozo ngororamubiri, kunywa itabi, umubyibuho ukabije) | Ubusembwa bw'uturemangingo buhererekanwa mu bisekuruza. |
| Urugero rwa LDL ("rubi") | Igipimo cy'umuntu mukuru kiri munsi ya 190 mg/dL. | Hari hejuru cyane kuva umuntu avutse (akenshi iri hejuru ya 190 mg/dL ku muntu mukuru). |
| Ubuvuzi | Akenshi bishobora kugenzurwa no guhindura imibereho. Imiti itangwa iyo bibaye ngombwa. | Guhindura imibereho gusa ntibihagije. Gufata imiti (urugero: statins) ni ngombwa rwose. |
| Ingaruka z'umuryango | Abagize umuryango nabo bashobora kugira ibyago, ariko ntabwo baragwa mu buryo butaziguye. | Abagize umuryango wa hafi (ababyeyi, abavandimwe, abana) bafite ibyago bya 50%. |
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Check Availability →Ni ryari ugomba kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol yawe?
Iki ni ikibazo cy'ingenzi cyane, kuko nta bimenyetso bihari, kandi ibi bishobora kumenyekana gusa hakoreshejwe ibizamini.
Ubusanzwe abaganga batanga inama:
- Ku bana: Ikizamini cya mbere gisabwa gukorwa hagati y’imyaka 9 na 11. Nyuma y’ibyo, isuzuma rikorwa buri myaka 5. Ariko, niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wagize indwara z’umutima akiri muto cyangwa afite cholesterol nyinshi, muganga ashobora kukugira inama yo kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol y’umwana wawe afite imyaka 2 .
- Ku rubyiruko: Ni byiza ko ugenzurwa cholesterol yawe nibura buri myaka 5 nyuma y'imyaka 20. Uko ugenda usaza (nyuma y'imyaka 55 ku bagore, nyuma y'imyaka 45 ku bagabo), ibi bizamini bigomba gukorwa kenshi.
Igikuru ni ukuganira na muganga wawe kuri ibi hanyuma ukipimisha nk'uko agusaba. Ntugatekereze gusa ngo "Ndashaka ko nta cholesterol nyinshi mfite."
Niba ufite FH, ese guhindura imibereho byonyine ntibihagije?
Iri ni ryo tandukaniro rikomeye hagati ya FH n'urugero rusanzwe rwa cholesterol. Wibuka inkuru ya Brandon twakubwiye mbere? Yasuzumwe na FH afite imyaka 8. Kuva icyo gihe, nyina yamugaburiraga indyo yuzuye kandi irimo cholesterol nke. Yakinaga siporo, akora siporo. Yakoraga byose "bikwiye." Mu myaka ye ya 20, umuganga yamushyize ku muti ugabanya cholesterol (statin).
Ariko nubwo bimeze bityo, yagize indwara y'umutima afite imyaka 29.
Ibi bivuze iki?
Indyo nziza n'imyitozo ngororamubiri ni ingenzi cyane ku muntu urwaye FH. Ariko ibyo bintu byonyine ntibishobora kugenzura urugero rwa cholesterol. Kuko ikibazo kitari mu mibereho, ahubwo kiri mu turemangingo. Kubwibyo, umuntu urwaye FH azagomba gufata umuti umwe cyangwa myinshi igabanya cholesterol ubuzima bwe bwose .
"Ntidushaka gutakaza abantu kubera FH kuko dufite uburyo bwose bwo kuvura dukeneye uyu munsi. Icyo tugomba gukora ni ukumenya hakiri kare, tukiri bato."
Ese nanjye nagira FH? Nabimenya nte?
Niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe (ababyeyi, abavandimwe, ba nyirakuru na ba nyogokuru) wagize indwara y'umutima cyangwa indwara yo gucika imitsi akiri muto (abagabo bari munsi y'imyaka 55, abagore bari munsi y'imyaka 65) , icyo ni ikintu gikomeye gishobora gutera iyi ndwara.
Nanone, niba raporo y'ibizamini bya cholesterol igaragaza ko urugero rwa LDL ruri hejuru ya 190 mg/dL (cyangwa hejuru ya 160 mg/dL ku mwana), bishobora kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye cya FH.
Niba ubona ko uri mu kaga, hari ibintu bike ushobora gukora:
1. Jya kwa muganga ako kanya: Menyesha neza amateka y'ubuzima bw'umuryango wawe kuri muganga wawe.
2. Baza umuryango wawe: Baza bene wanyu ibyerekeye cholesterol n'indwara z'umutima.
3.Reba inzobere: Nibiba ngombwa, muganga wawe azakohereza kwa muganga w’indwara z’umutima.
4. Menyesha umuryango wawe: Niba waranduye FH, hari amahirwe angana na 50% ko ababyeyi bawe, abavandimwe bawe, n'abana bawe nabo bazayirwara. Kubwibyo, ni ngombwa cyane gupimisha buri wese .
Brandon ubu abana neza n'abana be batanu. Umukobwa we na we yasanzwemo indwara ya FH. Ariko Brandon aravuga ati: "Ndazi ko umukobwa wanjye nta kibazo azahura na cyo." Kuko ubu bazi iyo ndwara n'icyo bagomba kuyikoraho. Kuyimenya hakiri kare no kuyivura neza bishobora kurokora ubuzima.
Ubutumwa bwo kujyana mu rugo
- Kolesteroli si ikibazo ku bageze mu za bukuru gusa. Urubyiruko n'abana nabo bari mu kaga.
- Menya niba hari umuntu wo mu muryango wawe wigeze kugira indwara y'umutima akiri muto. Ayo ni amakuru y'ingenzi cyane.
- Nubwo nta bimenyetso ufite, banza urebe urugero rwa cholesterol yawe n'urw'umwana wawe buri gihe nk'uko muganga yabigutegetse.
- Niba ufite indwara ya FH ikomoka ku ruhu, ntabwo bihagije kurya neza no gukora siporo gusa. Ugomba kandi gufata imiti ubuzima bwawe bwose.
- Iyo indwara imenyekanye hakiri kare kandi igavurwa neza, ushobora kwirinda ingorane zikomeye ziterwa na cholesterol no kubaho ubuzima bwiza. FH si icyemezo cy'urupfu.
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