Ngatingodzidzai nezve electrolytes, izvo zvakakosha zvikuru mumuviri!

Wakambonzwa here izwi rekuti 'electrolytes'? Pamwe wakamborinzwa paunenge uchibuda ziya mushure mekurovedza muviri, kana kuti kana mumwe munhu achirwara uye asina mvura mumuviri. Chii chaizvo chinonzi maelectrolytes aya? Sei miviri yedu ichiada? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakadzama, zviri nyore.

Chii chinonzi electrolytes? Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore...

Funga nezvazvo, maelectrolyte zvinhu zvidiki izvo, kana zvanyungudutswa mumvura, zvinogadzira charge diki yemagetsi (kana chimwe chinhu chakaita semagetsi madiki). Zvimwe zvezvinhu izvi zvinotora charge yakanaka (+), uye zvimwe zvinotora charge yakaipa (-). Miviri yedu, kana iri yemunhu mukuru, inenge 60% yemvura. Izvi zvinoreva kuti sero rega rega mumuviri, inenge mvura yese, ine maelectrolyte aya. Izvi ndizvo zvinobatsira maitiro emakemikari emuviri wedu kuti afambe zvakanaka, kuchengetedza mvura iri mukati nekunze kwemasero iri muchiyero, uye kuita zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda.

Tinowana ma electrolyte aya kubva muchikafu chatinodya nekunwa. Itsvo dzedu dzinoburitsa ma electrolyte akawandisa kuburikidza neweti. Ma electrolyte anobudawo mumiviri yedu patinodikitira.

Zviri nyore kana ukayeukawo mashoko aya!

Pane mashoko mashoma atinowanzo nzwa kana tichitaura nezve ma electrolytes aya. Kana ukaanzwisisa zviri nyore, unogona kunzwisisa zviri nyore kunyangwe chimwe chinhu chinotaurwa nachiremba.

• Hyper- : Kana izwi iri rikauya pamberi paro, rinoreva kuti pane chinhu chakawandisa . Semuenzaniso, kana paine sodium yakawandisa, inonzi `Hypernatremia`.
• Hypo- : Kana izwi iri rikatanga, rinoreva kuti pane kushomeka kwechimwe chinhu. Semuenzaniso, sodium shoma inonzi `Hyponatremia`.
• Ion : Izvi zvinoreva atomu ine chaji yemagetsi. Yakafanana nebhatiri diki.
• MaCations : Aya maion ane chaji yemagetsi yakanaka (+).
• Anions : Aya maion ane chaji yemagetsi ine simba (-).
• pH (pH) : Izvi zvinoyera kana mvura ine acid (senge acid), basic (senge sipo), kana kuti neutral (senge mvura). `pH` yakajairika yeropa redu inofanira kuva pakati pe7.36 ne7.44.
• Asidhi : Kana pH iri pasi pe7.
• Neutral : Kana kukosha kwe `pH` kuri 7 chaiyo.
• Basic/Alkaline : Kana kukosha kwe `pH` kuri kupfuura 7. Basic inonziwo "alkaline".

Chii chaizvo chinoita kuti electrolytes ishande kumiviri yedu?

Masero ari mumuviri wako anoshandisa ma electrolyte aya kubata magetsi. Ma electrolyte aya ndiwo anoita kuti tsandanyama dzako dzibatane uye dzitambanuke. Funga nezvazvo, paunofambisa ruoko rwako, paunovhara maziso ako, kana moyo wako uchirova - ma electrolyte aya akakosha pazvinhu zvese izvi.

Kwete izvozvo chete, asi machaji aya emagetsi anobatsirawo pakuita kwemakemikari. Kunyanya, ma electrolyte akakosha kuti muviri ugone kunwisa mvura (hydration) uye kuchengetedza chiyero pakati pehuwandu hwemvura mukati nekunze kwemasero.

Semuenzaniso wakapfava, tora mvura ine munyu. Magetsi anoyerera mumvura ine munyu, handiti? Chikonzero cheizvi ndechekuti munyu unoumbwa nesodium (iyo ine positive charge) uye chlorine (iyo ine negative charge). Kana izvi zviviri zvabatanidzwa, macharges anoenzana. Asi kana munyu wanyunguduka mumvura, maatomu e sodium ne chlorine anoparadzana uye anova ma ions ane positive ne negative charges zvakare. Ipapo magetsi anoyerera pakati peaya ma ions e sodium ne chlorine, kwete pakati pemamorekuru emvura.

Chinhu chimwe chete chinoitikawo mumiviri yedu. Maelectrolyte anobatsira kufambisa makemikari kupinda nekubuda mumasero edu. Nemamwe mashoko, maelectrolyte akafanana nemagamba madiki anochengetedza miviri yedu yakaenzana.

Ndeapi ma electrolytes anonyanya kukosha mumuviri wedu?

Kune zvinhu zvakakosha zvakakosha kuti muviri wedu urambe uine electrolyte yakakwana. Ngatitarisei zvinhu izvi zvakakosha uye chii chinoitika kana zvikanyanya kukwira (Hyper-) kana kuderera zvakanyanya (Hypo-) mumuviri.

Sodium (+)

Sodium chinhu chakakosha zvikuru chinobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwakakwana hwemvura mukati memasero. Inobatsirawo masero kunwisa zvinovaka muviri. Sodium ndiyo electrolyte ion yakawanda kwazvo mumiviri yedu.

• Hypernatremia : Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika, kuchinja maitiro, kurasikirwa nekudzora tsandanyama, pfari , uye kunyange kukotama.
• Kushaikwa kweSodium (Hyponatremia) : Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika, kushatirwa, kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, pfari , uye kutoita coma.

Magnesium (+)

Magnesium inobatsira masero kushandura zvinovaka muviri kuita simba. Magnesium inokosha kuti uropi hwako netsandanyama zvishande zvakanaka.

• Hypermagnesemia : Kusarongeka kwerhythm yemoyo (Arrhythmias), kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kuoma kufema, uye kumira kwemoyo kunogona kuitika.
• Kushaikwa kweMagnesium (Hypomagnesemia) : Kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kurwadziwa kwemoyo, kutadza kudzora muviri, uye kurova kwemoyo zvisina kurongeka (arrhythmias) zvinogona kuitika. Izvi zvinowanzoitika pamwe chete nekushomeka kwecalcium nepotassium.

Potassium (+)

Masero anoshandisa potassium pamwe chete nesodium. Kana sodium ion ikapinda musero, potassium ion inobva. Ndizvo zvazviri. Potassium inonyanya kukosha pakushanda kwemoyo wako. Yakawandisa kana kuti shoma inogona kukonzera matambudziko makuru emwoyo.

• Kuwedzera kwepotassium (Hyperkalemia): Muviri usina hupenyu, kutadza kufambisa tsandanyama, kurasikirwa nepfungwa, uye kurova kwemoyo zvisina kurongeka (arrhythmias) zvinogona kuitika.
• Potassium shoma (Hypokalemia) : Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kushaya simba kwetsandanyama, kurwadziwa kwemusana, kuita weti nguva nenguva, dzungu kana wakamira, uye kupera simba. Kana izvi zvikanyanya kukwira, tsandanyama dzinogona kutanga kupwanyika (chirwere chinonzi rhabdomyolysis, chinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kweitsvo) uye kusagadzikana kwemoyo (arrhythmias).

Karusiyamu (+)

Kana tichifunga nezve calcium, tinoiona sechinhu chinosimbisa mazino nemapfupa. Izvozvo ndezvechokwadi. Asi calcium inodiwa kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda kupfuura izvozvo. Calcium inokoshawo pazvinhu zvakaita sekudzora tsandanyama, kutumira mameseji kuburikidza netsinga, uye kudzora kurova kwemoyo. Ingave calcium muropa yakakwira kana yakaderera, inogona kukonzera zviratidzo zvakawanda zvinokanganisa masisitimu akasiyana-siyana mumuviri.

Kuwedzera kwecalcium (Hypercalcemia)

• Uropi : Musoro, kuneta, kushaya hanya, kuvhiringidzika.
• kugaya chikafu : kuvimbiwa, kurwadziwa mudumbu, kurutsa.
• Itsvo : Kuita weti kakawanda, matombo muitsvo, kutadza kuita basa reitsvo.
• Mwoyo : Kusarongeka kwemutinhimira wemoyo (Arrhythmias) (zvimwe zvinogona kuva zvakakomba).
• Musculoskeletal system : Kurwadziwa kwemapfupa nemajoini.

Karusiyamu yakaderera (Hypocalcemia)

• Uropi : Kukanganiswa kwepfungwa, kuchinja kwemaitiro.
• Tsandanyama : Tsandanyama dzakasimba, kutadza kudzora muviri, tsandanyama dzakasimba, kuoma kutaura nekufema nekuda kwekuoma kwetsandanyama dzepahuro.

Chloride (-)

Chloride (zita rinopiwa chlorine ion) ndiyo ion yechipiri inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumuviri. Inokoshawo zvikuru pakuchengetedza kuenzana kwemvura mukati nekunze kwemasero. Inobatsirawo kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemuviri kwe "pH" yechisikigo.

• Hyperchloremia : Izvi zvinogona kukonzera chirwere chinonzi acidosis (kuwedzera kweacidity muropa). Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kuneta, kukurumidza kufema, uye kuvhiringidzika. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidzwa nekuwedzera kana kudzikira kwepotassium.
• Kana paine potassium yakawanda: Matambudziko makuru eitsvo kana kutadza kushanda zvakanaka kweitsvo zvinogona kuitika.
• Kushaikwa kwepotassium mumuviri kunogona kukonzerwa nemanyoka, kubuda kwemvura mudumbu, uye zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba zvemudumbu.
• Hypochloremia : Izvi zvinokonzera kuti ropa rive nealkaline yakawandisa (alkalosis). Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana munhu akaderera kana kurutsa. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusanganisira kushaya hanya, kuvhiringidzika, kusagadzikana kwemoyo, kugwinha kwetsandanyama, kana kutadza kudzora muviri.

Phosphate (-)

Phosphate imorekuru ine phosphorus. Yakakosha pakutakura makemikari nemamorekuru kubva mumasero. Inobatsira masero kugaya zvinovaka muviri. Ndiyo zvakare chikamu chikuru chemamorekuru anonzi nucleotides anoumba DNA yedu.

• Hyperphosphatemia : Izvi zvinowanzoitika kana muviri uchiedza kushandisa calcium panzvimbo pephosphorus. Zviratidzo zvinogona kusaonekwa kusvika zvanyanya. Zviratidzo zvekushaikwa kwecalcium zvinogonawo kuitika kana izvi zvaitika. Kukwenya kwakanyanya kunogonawo kusanganiswa neizvi.
• Hypophosphatemia : Chiratidzo chekutanga cheizvi kushaya simba kwetsandanyama. Sezvo mamiriro acho achiipa, zviratidzo zvakakomba zvakaita se rhabdomyolysis (kuputsika kwetsandanyama, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwakanyanya kweitsvo), pfari , kusashanda zvakanaka kwemoyo, uye kuoma kufema (nekuda kwekushaya simba kwetsandanyama) zvinogona kuitika.

Bicarbonate (-)

Haisi kabhoni dhayokisaidhi yese inoburitswa nemiviri yedu inoenda kumapapu yoburitswa. Imwe inoshandiswazve kugadzira bicarbonate. Iyi bicarbonate ndiyo inobatsira kuchengetedza pH yeropa redu.

• Acidosis : Kana huwandu hwebicarbonate hukadzikira, ropa rinova neacidic. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuneta, kuda kurutsa, kurutsa, kufema nekukurumidza, uye kuvhiringidzika.
• Alkalosis : Kana huwandu hwebicarbonate hukawedzera, ropa rinova alkaline. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika, kushaya hanya, kurova kwemoyo kusina kurongeka (arrhythmias), uye kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama.

Ndezvipi zviedzo zvinobatsira kuona matambudziko e electrolyte?

Kune bvunzo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemurabhoritari dzinogona kushandiswa kuona kusawirirana kwema electrolyte. Bvunzo yekutanga inowanzoitwa ibvunzo yakajairika, senge metabolic panel. Kana mhedzisiro yacho isina kujairika, chiremba wako anogona kuraira bvunzo dzakanyanya. Bvunzo idzi dzakakosha nekuti dzinogona kubatsira kuona chikonzero chekusawirirana kwema electrolyte uye kupa kurapwa kwakakodzera.

Miedzo yakakura

Kuongororwa kweropa uku:

• Basic Metabolic Panel (BMP) : Izvi zvinotarisa maitiro akasiyana-siyana mumuviri.
• BUN (Blood Urea Nitrogen). Izvi zvinogona kupa pfungwa yekushanda kweitsvo uye kushaya mvura mumuviri.
• Kuenzana kwemvura uye mazinga e electrolyte akadai se sodium, potassium, carbon dioxide, uye chloride.
• Huwandu hweshuga muropa. Kana zvikaitwa panguva yekutsanya, zvinogona kuratidza chirwere cheshuga kana prediabetes.
• Comprehensive Metabolic Panel (CMP) : Izvi zvakafanana ne `BMP`, asi data rakawanda rinounganidzwa.
• Mazinga ecalcium.
• Kuyera huwandu hweAlbumin (puroteni inogadzirwa nechiropa).
• Mapuroteni ese eropa.
• Bilirubin (kemikari inogadzirwa muchiropa).
• Mazinga ema enzyme anonzi aspartate aminotransferase (AST) uye alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (aya ane chekuita nekushanda kwechiropa).
• Electrolyte Panel : Izvi zvakafanana ne `Metabolic Panels` zvataurwa pamusoro apa, asi izvi zvinongotarisa ma electrolytes chete. Zvinoongorora sodium, chloride, potassium, uye bicarbonate.

Miedzo yakanyanya kunanga

Mimwe miedzo chaiyo yezvinetso zve electrolyte:

• Kuongororwa kweropa reAldosterone: Uku kuyedza hormone inogadzirwa neitsvo.
• Kuongororwa kweropa reAnion gap: Kunoenzanisa huwandu hwemaelectrolyte ane positive ne negative charge.
• Kuongororwa kwehomoni inorwisa diuretic (ropa) / bvunzo yeADH: Homoni iyi inoedzwa.
• Kuongororwa kweropa reCarbon dioxide: Kunoyera huwandu hwecarbon dioxide muropa.
• Kuongororwa kweropa neweti kwakasiyana-siyana (chloride, magnesium, phosphorus, sodium).
• Kuongororwa kweropa re osmolality: Izvi zvinoitwa kana paine chinofungidzirwa kuti ropa harina mvura yakakwana mumuviri, kuti muviri hauna mvura yakawanda mumuviri, kana kuti une chepfu.
• Kuongororwa kwe osmolality yeweti: Kunoongorora kuenzana kwemvura mumuviri.
• Kuongororwa kwehuwandu hweweti: Izvi zvinoedza mashandiro eitsvo.

Mushumo webvunzo wandichagamuchira uchava wakaita sei?

Mishumo yakawanda yerabhoritari inosanganisira "reference range" nemhedzisiro yako. Izvi zvine muganho wepamusoro newakaderera. Kana mhedzisiro yako iri pakati pemiganhu iyi miviri, inoonekwa semhedzisiro "yakajairika".

Mhedzisiro iyi inowanzo kupiwa maererano nekuti "chingani chezvinhu zviri kutaurwa nezvazvo chiripo mumuenzaniso."

• Mamirimori (mmol/L) : Ichi ndicho chinhu chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya.
• Mamiriyoni (mEq/L) : Izvi zvinoshandiswawo dzimwe nguva.
• Mamirigiramu pa deciliter (mg/dL) : Izvi zvinoshandiswa kune mamwe mamorekuru makuru.

Kunyangwe zviyero izvi zvingaita sezviri nyore, chiremba wako achazvinzwisisa zvakanaka. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti mhedzisiro yako iri mukati mehuwandu hwakajairika here kana kuti kunze kwayo.

Ndezvipi zviyero zvakajairika zvemazinga e electrolyte?

Electrolyte yega yega ine huwandu hwakajairika hweropa neweti. Hunhu uhwu hunogona kusiyana zvishoma kubva murabhoritari kuenda kune imwe. Hunogonawo kusiyana zvichienderana nezera rako nehutano hwako. Saka, zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba wako kuti uwane kuverenga kwakarurama kwemhedzisiro yako.

Zvese zvakanaka here kana mhinduro yakajairika ikadzoka? Mhinduro isina kujairika inogara iri dambudziko here?

Uyu mubvunzo unokosha zvikuru. Havasi vese vakafanana. Dzimwe nguva mhinduro dzako dzinogona kunge dzisiri dzenguva dzose, asi ungasava nematambudziko. Dzimwe nguva, kunyangwe mhinduro dzacho dzakafanana, zviratidzo zvako nezvimwe zviedzo zvinogona kuratidza kuti une dambudziko rehutano.

Funga nezvemumwe munhu ari mucircus achitenderedza ndiro padanda. Kana ndiro ikakotama zvakanyanya kudivi rimwe, inodonha. Kuenzana kwakakosha zvikuru. Maerekitiro ako emagetsi nemigumisiro yebvunzo zvinoenderana nerudzi irworwo rwekuenzana. Miviri yedu inogara ichiedza kuchengetedza kuenzana uku nepainogona napo. Dzimwe nguva, muviri unogona kubatsira imwe system nekubatsira imwe, uye dambudziko rinogona kuvanzwa kuitira kuti risaonekwe pamusoro. Chiremba achaita bvunzo dzakawanda kuti aone kana muviri uri kuviga dambudziko rimwe uye uchigadzira rimwe.

Ndichaziva rini mhinduro dzebvunzo?

Chiremba wako kana vashandi vake vanogona kukuudza kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhinduro dzako. Mimwe miedzo inopa mhinduro nekukurumidza, nepo mimwe inogona kutora mazuva akati wandei.

Ndinofanira kufonera chiremba wangu rini?

• Kana usinganzwisise zvabuda mubvunzo dzako.
• Kana mhedzisiro iri kunze kwehuwandu hwakajairika, une mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsa nezvazvo.
• Kana ukaona zviratidzo zvichichinja kamwe kamwe zvine chekuita nemazinga e electrolyte mumuviri wako.

Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadai , kuchenjera kutaura nachiremba usingatambisi nguva.

Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba

Maelectrolyte akakosha pakushanda kwemiviri yedu. Anokanganisa zvese kubva pakunwisa mvura kwatinoita kusvika pakurova kwemoyo wedu. Kuongororwa kweelectrolyte kunobatsirawo vanachiremba kuona zvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana nematambudziko ehutano.

Saka, kuziva nezve electrolytes nematambudziko anogona kumuka nazvo kuchakubatsira kuzvitarisira uye kudzivirira matambudziko ehutano mune ramangwana. Nenzira iyi, unogona kudzora huwandu hwe electrolytes dzako uye kurarama hupenyu hune hutano. Wanzwisisa here? Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo nezveizvi, usatya kubvunza chiremba wako.

` Ma electrolytes, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, mvura yemuviri, charge yemagetsi