Zvakajairika kunzwa wakaremerwa uye wakashamisika paunoziva kuti une HIV. Asi hausi wega. Nhasi uno, sainzi yezvekurapa yafambira mberi zvakanyanya. HIV chirwere chinogona kudzorwa uye unogona kurarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hurefu. Chombo chine simba kwazvo chatinacho chekurapa kweART. Saka nhasi, ngatitaurei zviri nyore nezvekurapa uku kweART, kunoita sei, uye kuti kunoshanda sei kuitira kuti unzwisise.
Chii chinonzi kurapwa neART nenzira iri nyore?
ART ishoko rinotsanangura Antiretroviral Therapy . Muchidimbu, imusanganiswa wemishonga inopiwa kurapa hutachiona hweHIV. HIV ihutachiona hunorwisa masoja emuviri wedu. Zvikuru sei, masero eCD4 (anonziwo masero eT-cells anobatsira), anoshanda se'masoja' mumuviri wedu, anoparadza hutachiona uhu. Kana masero aya eCD4 akarasika, masoja emuviri wedu anodzikira. Zvadaro, mikana yekurwara nezvirwere zvakakomba zvisingawanzoitiki inowanzova yakawanda.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti ART haigone kurapa HIV zvachose, asi inogona kuderedza zvakanyanya huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV (viral load) mumuviri wako.
Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hukadzikira, muviri wako unokwanisa kugadzira mamwe maCD4 masero zvakare. Izvi zvinosimbisa masoja emuviri wako uye zvinokudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakakomba.
ART inowanzo sanganisira musanganiswa wemishonga miviri kusvika mina. Kupa mishonga yakati wandei inoshanda nenzira dzakasiyana kunoshanda zvakanyanya pane kupa mushonga mumwe chete. Zvinoderedzawo njodzi yekuti hutachiona husarambe huchirwisa mishonga.
Sei izvi zvichinzi 'Antiretroviral'?
HIV ndeyeboka remavhairasi anonzi Retroviruses . Kazhinji, RNA (message copies) inogadzirwa kubva kuDNA (ruzivo rwemajini edu) mumasero edu. Asi Retrovirus iyi inoita zvakasiyana. Kureva kuti, inoshandisa RNA iri mairi kugadzira DNA mukati memasero edu. Ndosaka mishonga iyi ichinzi 'Antiretroviral' nekuti inoshanda zvinopesana nemaitiro iwayo. Unogona kunzwa ichinzi ART, cART (combined ART) kana HAART (highly active ART). Aya mazwi ese anoreva chinhu chimwe chete.
Zvinorevei kuva nehutachiona 'husingaonekwe'?
Ichi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kukosha uye chinopa mubayiro paART. Kana ukatora mushonga wako nemazvo, huwandu hwehutachiona hweHIV (viral load) muropa rako hunoderera zvakanyanya zvekuti hauonekwe nekuongororwa kwakajairika. Izvi zvinonzi 'undetectable level' . Izvi zvinowanzotsanangurwa sehuwandu hwemakopi ari pasi pe20 ehutachiona pa milliliter yeropa (<20 copies/mL).
'Kusaonekwa' hazvirevi kuti wapora. Kana ukarega kutora mishonga yako, hutachiona hwakavanda mumuviri wako hunogona kushanda zvakare. Zvakare, kana ukaongororwa HIV, hucharamba huchionekwa se "hwakanaka" nekuti bvunzo idzodzo dzinotsvaga masoja ekudzivirira chirwere ichi, kwete hutachiona pachahwo.
Asi yeuka izvi: Hazvionekwe = Hazvitapurirwe (U=U) . Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana huwandu hwehutachiona hwako hukaramba huri padanho risingaonekwe, haugone kutapurira HIV kune mumwe munhu kuburikidza nepabonde. Izvi zvakasimbiswa nesainzi nhasi. Zvakare, munhu ari padanho iri anogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairwa, hwakareba, kungofanana nemunhu asina HIV.
ART inoshanda sei? Nyaya yehutachiona hweHIV
Kuti tinzwisise mashandiro anoita mushonga uyu, tinofanira kutanga tanzwisisa kuti hutachiona hweHIV hunopinda sei mumasero edu uye hunoita kuti huve hwakafanana nehwedu.
Funga nezvehutachiona hweHIV sembavha. CD4 cell yako imba. Mbavha iyi inopinda mumba, inoshandisa michina yakafanana iri mumba, inogadzira mamwe makopi ayo, uye inosvetukira kune dzimwe dzimba. Mukuita izvi, imba iyoyo yekutanga (CD4 cell) inoparadzwa.
Kune matanho akati wandei ekuita izvi. Mishonga yeART inoshanda nekumisa imwe kana anopfuura ematanho aya.
| Matanho | Maitiro anoitika (mumashoko akareruka) |
|---|---|
| 1. Chinobatanidzwa | Virusi iyi inoshandisa rimwe remapuroteni ayo (GP120) kuti ibatanidze pa 'keyhole' (receptor) pamusoro pemasero edu eCD4. |
| 2. Kusanganiswa kwekubatana | Goko rekunze revhairasi rinobatana negoko reCD4 cell. |
| 3. Kupinda | 'Bhokisi rezvishandiso' revhairasi (Capsid) - kureva ruzivo rwayo rwemajini (RNA) nema enzyme anodiwa kuti aite makopi - zvinopinda musero. |
| 4. Kunyora Kunodzokera Kumashure | Uchishandisa enzyme (reverse transcriptase) inounzwa nehutachiona, DNA inogadzirwa kubva kuRNA yehutachiona. Zvakafanana nekushandura mutauro wekunze kuita wedu. |
| 5. Kubatanidzwa | DNA yehutachiona ichangobva kugadzirwa inopinda mukati memasero edu yobatana neDNA yedu. Izvi zvinobatsirwa neimwe enzyme inonzi 'Integrase'. Iye zvino sero redu rinofunga kuti ichi chikamu charowo. |
| 6. Kunyora & Kushandura | Masero edu, kungofanana neDNA yavo, anoita makopi eDNA iyi yehutachiona, uye otanga kugadzira mapuroteni ehutachiona zvichibva pamashoko iwayo. |
| 7. Kuungana | Imwe enzyme inonzi 'Protease' inouya, yocheka zvidimbu zveprotein izvi, yozviunganidza kuita makopi matsva ehutachiona. |
| 8. Kubukira uye Kufa Kwemasero | Mavhairasi matsva aya anoparadza sero reCD4, anobuda, uye anorwisa mamwe masero eCD4 ane hutano. |
Mishonga yeART inoshanda nekukanganisa imwe yematanho ataurwa pamusoro apa. Mimwe mishonga inodzivisa hutachiona kupinda musero. Mimwe inodzivisa kugadzira DNA. Mimwewo inodzivisa kuunganidza mavhairasi matsva.
Ndeipi mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa neART?
Mishonga yeART inogona kukamurwa kuita mapoka makuru akati wandei. Boka rega rega rinoshanda nekutarisa chikamu chakasiyana chehupenyu hwehutachiona hweHIV.
- Zvinodzivirira kupinda mumuviri: Izvi zvinodzivirira hutachiona kuti husapinde muCD4 cell.
- Capsid Inhibitors: Inodzivirira 'bhokisi rematurusi' (Capsid) rehutachiona kuti risavhurike kana kuunganazve.
- Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NRTIs): Kana hutachiona hukagadzira DNA, hunoburitsa zvidhinha 'zvenhema' zvinoita se 'zvidhinha' zvahunoda. Kana izvi zvikashandiswa, cheni yeDNA haigone kupedzwa.
- Non-Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (NNRTIs): Izvi zvinoenda zvakananga ku enzyme inogadzira DNA (Reverse Transcriptase) uye zvinomisa kushanda kwayo.
- Integrase Inhibitors (INSTIs): Inodzivisa enzyme (integrase) inobatanidza DNA yehutachiona kuDNA yemasero edu.
- MaProtease Inhibitors (PIs): Anomisa enzyme inocheka mapuroteni (protease) kuti isaunganidze mavhairasi matsva.
- Mishonga Inosimudzira Mishonga (Zvinosimudzira): Izvi hazvikanganisi hutachiona zvakananga, asi zvinobatsira mimwe mishonga yeART kuti igare mumuviri kwenguva yakareba uye iri muhuwandu hwakawanda.
Mushonga waunopiwa unowanzova musanganiswa wemhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga iyi. Semuenzaniso, unogona kunge uri piritsi rimwe chete rine maNRTI maviri uye integrase inhibitor.
Ndingasarudza sei mushonga weART wakakodzera ini?
Chiremba ari kukurapa ndiye achasarudza musanganiswa wemishonga yakakodzera iwe mushure mekufunga nezvezvinhu zvakati wandei.
- Mutoro wehutachiona hwako uye huwandu hweCD4: Zvakakosha kuziva kuti izvi zvinorevei paunotanga kurapwa.
- Kusabatwa nemishonga kwehutachiona: Dzimwe nguva hutachiona hunopedzisira hwava kubatwa nemishonga yakasiyana-siyana. Kuongororwa kunogona kuitwa kuti kuonekwe.
- Kana uine zvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita sechirwere cheitsvo, chirwere chechiropa, chirwere chemwoyo, chirwere cheshuga, kana cholesterol yakakwira, unofanira kuudza chiremba wako nezvazvo.
- Mimwe mishonga yauri kutora: Kana uri kutora mushonga wechimwe chirwere, panogona kunge paine kusawirirana pakati pemishonga iyoyo nemishonga yeART.
- Kubata Pamuviri: Kana uine pamuviri kana kuti uchironga kubata pamuviri, kune mishonga isina njodzi yakakunakira.
- Zviri nyore kutora mushonga: Funga kana uri piritsi rimwe chete pazuva kana maviri pazuva, kana uchifanira kunwiwa uine chikafu kana usina, uye kuti unoenderana sei nemararamiro ako.
Ndezvipi zvakanakira uye njodzi dzekurapa neART?
Zvakanakira
- Kusimbisa masoja emuviri: Huwandu hwemasero eCD4 hunowedzera, zvichiwedzera kugona kwemuviri wako kurwisa zvirwere.
- Dziviriro kubva kuzvirwere zvakakomba: HIV inogona kudzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvinongoerekana zvamuka zvakaita sepneumonia neTB.
- Kuderedzwa kwenjodzi yekenza: Njodzi yekubatwa nekenza ine chekuita neHIV (semuenzaniso Kaposi sarcoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma) inodzikira.
- Kudzivirira AIDS: Kana ikasarapwa, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kusvika padanho rekupedzisira rinonzi AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). ART inomisa izvi.
- Kudzivirira kutapurirana kwevamwe:Sezvambotaurwa kare (U=U) , kana huwandu hwehutachiona hwako husingaonekwe, hauzokwanisi kuuparadzira kune vamwe kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde.
- Hupenyu hurefu uye hune hutano: Munhu anotora mishonga nemazvo anogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika, kungofanana nemunhu asina HIV.
Njodzi nemigumisiro
Vamwe vanhu vanogona kusangana nemigumisiro yakaipa pavanotanga kushandisa ART. Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzova zvenguva pfupi uye zvinopera mushure memavhiki mashoma muviri paunotanga kutevedzera mushonga wacho.
- Kusvotwa, kurutsa
- Dumbu rakagumbuka, manyoka
- Musoro
- Dzungu
- Kuneta, kuneta
- Kushaya hope
- Mapundu eganda
Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi, usarega kutora mushonga wako woudza chiremba wako. Iye anogona kukubatsira kuwana mhinduro kana, kana zvichidikanwa, kukuchinja kune mumwe mushonga wakakodzera iwe. Mimwe mishonga inogona kuva nemigumisiro yenguva refu, senge kuwedzera cholesterol yako. Ndosaka chiremba wako achikutarisa nguva nenguva.
Unotarisa sei kubudirira kwekurapwa?
Mushure mekunge matanga ART, chiremba wenyu achakutarisai nenguva yakatarwa. Achaita bvunzo mbiri huru.
| Bvunzo | Mhedzisiro inotarisirwa | Nhamba yekanguva |
|---|---|---|
| Mutoro wehutachiona | Kukosha uku kwadzikira kusvika padanho rekuti 'hazvionekwe'. | Kazhinji mumwedzi mishoma yekutanga mushure mekutanga, wozotevera mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu yega yega. |
| Kuwanda kwemasero eCD4 (CD4 Count) | Kukosha uku kunowedzera . (Hutano huri pakati pe500-1500) | Pakutanga mwedzi mitatu kusvika mitanhatu yega yega, wozobva waita sezvinodiwa. |
Usapotsa zuva rimwe chete rekutora mushonga wako!
Dambudziko guru rekubudirira kwekurapwa kweART nderekutiInwa mushonga wako zuva nezuva, panguva yakakodzera, usingarasikirwe nezuva rimwe chete. Kana ukarasikirwa nemushonga, hutachiona hune mukana wekuwanda mumuviri wako zvakare. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, hutachiona hunogona kuramba mushonga wauri kutora (kuramba mushonga). Zvadaro mushonga wacho unomira kushanda uye uchafanirwa kuenda kune dzimwe nzira dzekurapa. Saka, zvakakosha kutora mushonga wako nenguva, kungave nekuisa chiyeuchidzo pafoni yako kana kukumbira nhengo yemhuri kuti ikuyeuchidze.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Mishonga yeART inoponesa hupenyu inodzora hutachiona hweHIV. Kunyange zvazvo isingakwanise kurapa HIV, inogona kukubatsira kurarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hurefu.
- Zvakakosha kutora mushonga wako zuva nezuva uye nenguva. Kana ukarasikirwa nemushonga wako, hutachiona hunogona kuramba mushonga wacho.
- Kana huwandu hwehutachiona muropa rako husingaonekwe, haugone kutapurira mumwe munhu HIV kuburikidza nekuita zvepabonde (U=U).
- Migumisiro inogona kuitika pakutanga kwekurapwa, asi kazhinji inongoitika kwenguva pfupi. Taura nachiremba wako nezve chero kusagadzikana kupi zvako.
- HIV ingori imwe chirwere chisingaperi. Nekurapwa kwakakodzera uye kutarisirwa kwakakodzera, unogona kurarama hupenyu hwakazara, hunofadza. Hausi wega.
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