Tose tinowanzonzwa zvinhu zvakaita se 'high cholesterol' uye 'blood vessels dzakavharika'. Asi wakambozvibvunza here kuti izvi zvinoitika sei mumiviri yedu? Mitsipa yedu yeropa yakafanana nemigwagwa iri mumiviri yedu yekutenderera kweropa. Migwagwa iyi inotakura ropa rakachena, rakazara neokisijeni kubva mumoyo medu kuenda kunhengo dzemuviri wedu wese. Fungidzira, chii chinoitika kana migwagwa iyi ikavharirwa zvishoma nezvishoma nemafuta nemarara? Ndizvo zvatinodaidza kuti atherosclerosis mukurapa.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi atherosclerosis?
Atherosclerosis kuunganidzwa zvishoma nezvishoma kwemafuta, cholesterol, calcium, nezvimwe zvinhu mukati memadziro etsinga dzedu dzeropa (kunyanya tsinga) kuti zvigadzire 'plaque' . Izvi zvinonzi 'atheroma' mukurapa. Sezvo plaque iyi ichikura zvishoma nezvishoma, madziro etsinga dzeropa anokora uye anooma. Tinozvidaidza kuti "kuoma kwetsinga dzeropa" kana kuti "kuoma kwetsinga dzeropa".
Chinhu chinotyisa pamusoro peizvi ndechekuti maitiro aya anoitika chinyararire, pasina zviratidzo pakutanga. Ungasaona shanduko kwemakore. Asi nekufamba kwenguva, plaque iyi inokura uye inoita kuti lumen (nzvimbo inoyerera ropa) ive shoma mukati metsinga yeropa.
Fungidzira mugwagwa une migwagwa mina uchideredzwa kuita mugwagwa mumwe chete nekuda kwekuzara kwemotokari. Kuyerera kweropa kushoma zvikuru. Izvi zvinoreva kuti nhengo dzedu dzinoshaya okisijeni nezvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa. Chinonyanya kuipa ndechekuti tsinga iyi yeropa inogona kuputika kamwe kamwe nekuda kwekuyerera kweropa kunokurumidza. Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, miviri yedu inoumba ropa kuti ripore ronda.
Kana tsinga yeropa yakamanikana yakaita semugwagwa wakavharika, ropa rakagwamba rakaita sechipingamupinyi chiri pakati pemugwagwa iwoyo. Chinogona kumisa zvachose kuyerera kweropa.
Chii chinoitika kana ropa rikavharika nenzira iyi? Zvinoenderana nekuti ropa rinogwamba papi. Semuenzaniso, kana zvikaitika mutsinga yeropa inopa ropa kumoyo, moyo hauzowani mweya wakakwana, zvichikonzera kurwara kwemoyo .
Dambudziko iri rakajairika zvakadii?
Kurwara kweropa kwakanyanya kuitika. Matambudziko anokonzerwa nekuunganidzwa kwemafuta mutsinga dzeropa, akadai sekurwadziwa kwemoyo uye sitiroko, ndiwo anonyanya kukonzera rufu pasi rose. Ongororo dzinoratidza kuti vanhu vazhinji vezera repakati nepakati vane chirwere ichi, asi hafu yavo havatombozvizivi.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveizvi?
Sezvatakambotaura, hapana zviratidzo zvinoonekwa pakutanga. Zviratidzo zvinotanga kuonekwa kana tsinga yeropa yavharika neanopfuura 70%. Vanhu vazhinji vanongozoona kuti vane chirwere ichi mushure mekukurumidzira, senge kurwara nemoyo kana sitiroko.
Zvichienderana nekuti tsinga yeropa yakavharika kupi, zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzemuviri.
| Nhengo yemuviri yakakanganiswa | Zviratidzo zvinogona kuitika |
|---|---|
| Mwoyo (Chirwere chetsinga dzeropa) |
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| Sisitimu yekugaya chikafu (Mesenteric Ischemia) |
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| Makumbo netsoka (Chirwere chetsinga dzemudumbu) |
|
| Itsvo (Kuoma kwetsinga dzeitsvo) |
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| Uropi (Chirwere cheCarotid Artery) |
|
Sei mitsipa yeropa ichivharika seizvi? Ndezvipi zvinokonzera?
Vatsvakurudzi vanotenda kuti kune zvikonzero zvakawanda zvinokonzera atherosclerosis.
- Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwemafuta akaipa (LDL) uye triglycerides.
- Kushandisa zvigadzirwa zvefodya (kusvuta).
- Kukwira kweropa.
- Chirwere cheshuga.
Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kukuvadza jira rakatetepa riri mukati metsinga dzedu dzeropa (endothelium). Kukuvara uku ndiko kunotanga maitiro e atherosclerosis. Kukuvara uku hakuitike kamwe chete, asi kwenguva yakareba.
Ngatitarisei matanho ekuita izvi zvakadzama.
Iyi inzira yave ichiitika kwemakore. Aya ndiwo matanho makuru.
1. Kukuvadzwa kweEndothelial: Zvinhu zvakaita secholesterol yakakwira, chepfu dziri mufodya, uye BP yakakwira zvinogona kukanganisa mukati metsinga dzeropa. Kana kukuvara uku kukaitika, masero machena eropa anokwezvwa kunzvimbo iyi. Masero aya anoungana uye anokonzera kuzvimba mukati metsinga dzeropa.
2. Kuumbwa kwemitsara yemafuta: Ichi ndicho chiratidzo chekutanga chinoonekwa che atherosclerosis. Masero machena eropa asvika panzvimbo yakakuvara anoedza kubvisa zvidimbu zve cholesterol nekuzvifukidza. Masero aya azere ne cholesterol anonzi 'masero efoam'. Paanofa, anosiya mutsetse yeyero kana kuti dope pamadziro etsinga dzeropa.
3. Kuwedzera kweplaque:Sezvo masero akafa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakaora zvichiramba zvichiungana, bundu diki rine mafuta rinokura zvishoma nezvishoma kuita plaque hombe. Zvadaro, chivharo chemasero emhasuru dzakatsetseka chinoumbwa chakakomberedza plaque iyi. Izvi zvinodzivirira zvidimbu zveplaque kuti zvisaputsike uye zviungane muropa. Sezvo plaque iyi ichikura, nzvimbo yekuti ropa rifambe inova diki.
4. Kuputika kweplaque: Iyi ndiyo nyaya ine njodzi zvikuru. Plaque yakakomberedza plaque inogona kuputika kamwe kamwe. Kana izvi zvikaitika, ropa rinogwamba panzvimbo iyoyo. Kugwamba kweropa uku kunovhara tsinga yeropa zvachose, zvichimisa kuyerera kweropa. Izvi ndizvo zvinokonzera kurwara kwemoyo kana sitiroko.
Ndezvipi zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi iyi?
Kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokonzera njodzi zvinoparira kukura kwe atherosclerosis. Zvimwe zvacho tinogona kuzvichinja, asi zvimwe, sekukwegura, hatigone.
| Chinhu chine njodzi | Tsananguro |
|---|---|
| Zera uye murume kana mukadzi | Varume vane makore anopfuura makumi mana nemashanu ekuberekwa uye vakadzi vane makore anopfuura makumi mashanu nemashanu ekuberekwa ndivo vari panjodzi huru. |
| Nhoroondo yemhuri | Kana mumwe munhu wemumhuri mako akambova nechirwere chemwoyo (murume asati asvitsa makore 45, mukadzi asati asvitsa makore 55), iwe uri panjodzi huru yechirwere ichi. |
| Chirwere cheshuga | Kuwanda kweshuga muropa kunokuvadza mitsipa yeropa. |
| Kukwira kweropa (BP) | Kana kumanikidzwa kwawedzera, njodzi yekuti mitsipa yeropa ikanganiswe uye mafuta akawandisa inowedzera. |
| Kolesteroli yakakwira (Hyperlipidemia) | Chikonzero chikuru kunyanya kuwedzera kwemazinga echolesterol yakaipa (LDL). |
| Kusvuta | Makemikari ari mufodya anokuvadza zvakananga mitsipa yeropa. |
| Kusaita maekisesaizi | Kusaita maekisesaizi emuviri kunokonzera kufuta, cholesterol yakakwira, uye BP yakakwira. |
| Kudya kusina hutano | Kudya chikafu chine mafuta akawandisa, mafuta e trans, munyu, uye shuga yakawanda. |
Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kukonzera atherosclerosis?
Kusafamba zvakanaka kweropa kunogona kukonzera matambudziko akawanda akakomba. Matambudziko makuru ndeaya:
- Chirwere chetsinga yeropa
- Kumira kurova kwemoyo
- Kurira kwemwoyo kusina kujairika (Arrhythmia)
- Kukundikana kwemoyo
- Kurohwa
- Kurwiswa kweischemic kwenguva pfupi (TIA)
- Chirwere chetsinga dzemumativi
- Chirwere cheitsvo chisingaperi (CKD)
- Kushaya simba kwetsinga dzeropa, zvichiita kuti dzizvimbe (aneurysms) uye dziputike.
Kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwechirwere ichi kunogona kudzivirira kana kunonotsa matambudziko aya ane njodzi.
Nzira yekuziva sei chirwere ichi?
Chiremba wako achatevera matanho akati wandei kuti aongorore chirwere ichi kana kuti averenge njodzi yako yekuchikonzera.
1. Kuongorora muviri zvizere: Izvi zvinosanganisira kushandisa stethoscope kuti unzwe mwoyo wako uye ruzha rweropa richiyerera mutsinga dzako dzeropa. Semuenzaniso, kana ukanzwa ruzha rwekuti "whooshing" ("bruit") paunenge uchiteerera tsinga dzeropa dziri mumutsipa wako, zvinogona kunge zviri chiratidzo chekuti ropa rakagwamba mutsinga.
2. Kubvunza nezvenhoroondo yako yezvekurapa uye nhoroondo yemhuri: Ruzivo urwu runogona kubatsira kuongorora njodzi yako.
3. Kubvunza nezvemararamiro ako: Kubvunza nezvezvinhu zvakaita sekunge unosvuta here uye kuti kudya kwako kwakaita sei.
4. Kuraira kuongororwa kweropa: Izvi zvinogona kukuudza zvakawanda nezvehuwandu hwecholesterol yako, huwandu hweshuga, uye mashandiro emwoyo.
Kuongororwa kwekusimbisa chirwere chacho
Dzimwe nguva, bvunzo dzinodiwa kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti chirwere chacho chaongororwa uye kuronga kurapwa kwacho.
- Angiography: Kuongororwa kunoshandisa X-rays chaiyo uye dhayi kuti uone kuti mitsipa yeropa yakavharika kupi uye yakawanda sei.
- ECG (Electrocardiogram): Inoyera mashandiro emagetsi, kumhanya, uye mutinhimira wemoyo.
- Echocardiogram: Inotora mifananidzo yemavharuvhu emwoyo nemakamuri emoyo kuti ione kuti mwoyo uri kupomba ropa zvakanaka sei.
- Kuongororwa kwekushushikana kwekurovedza muviri: Kurova kwemoyo wako kunoyerwa paunenge uchirovedza muviri (uchifamba patreadmill).
- Ultrasound Scan: Bvunzo iyi inoshandiswa kuona ukobvu hwetsinga dzeropa mumutsipa (Carotid ultrasound) kana mudumbu (Abdominal ultrasound) uye kana dzine mafuta akawanda.
- CT scan: Iyi scan inotora mifananidzo yemukati memuviri uye inogona kuona kukora nekutetepa kwetsinga huru dzeropa.
Inorapwa sei?
Kurapa kwe atherosclerosis kunosanganisira kuchinja mararamiro, mishonga, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kuvhiyiwa kana mamwe marapirwo. Chiremba wako achagadzira hurongwa hwekurapa hwakakunakira.
1. Kuchinja kwemararamiro
Izvi ndizvo zvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi yematambudziko.
- Dzivisa zvese zvinogadzirwa nefodya. Kana ukasvuta, rega ipapo ipapo.
- Tora chikafu chine hutano pamoyo. Zvakanakisisa kudya chikafu cheMediterranean chinosanganisira miriwo yakawanda, michero, nyemba, hove, nemafuta ane hutano akadai semafuta emuorivhi, uye nyama tsvuku shoma nezvikafu zvakagadzirwa.
- Rovedza muviri zuva nezuva. Tanga nekufamba-famba kwenguva pfupi uye shanda kusvika pakurovedza muviri kwemaminitsi makumi matatu pazuva, mazuva mazhinji evhiki.
2. Mishonga (mhando dzemishonga)
Mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzora zvinhu zvinokonzera kuunganidzwa kwemafuta mumuviri. Chiremba wako anogona kukurudzira:
- Mishonga inoderedza cholesterol (semuenzaniso, statins).
- Mishonga yekuderedza BP.
- Mishonga inodzora huwandu hweshuga muropa.
- Mishonga inodzivirira kuumbwa kweropa (semuenzaniso, aspirin) inogona kunyorerwa.
3. Nzira dzekurapa nekuvhiyiwa
Kana mitsipa yeropa yakavharwa zvakanyanya kana kuti njodzi yematambudziko yakanyanya, ungangoda kushandisa nzira idzi dzekurapa.
- Angioplasty uye kuiswa kweStent: Maitiro ekuisa bharumu diki mutsinga yeropa yakavharika, yofuridzirwa kuti ikure tsinga, uye pombi diki yakaita semesh (stent) inoiswa kudzivirira kuti isavhare zvakare.
- Kubatanidza Mitsipa yeropa muCoronary Artery Bypass (CABG): Nzira yekupfuura tsinga yeropa yakavharika uye kugadzira tsinga itsva yeropa uchishandisa chidimbu cheropa rakatorwa kubva kune imwe nhengo yemuviri.
Unofanira kuitei?
Usatya kana ukaona kuti une chirwere ichi. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekushanda pamwe chete nachiremba wako.
- Endai kumakiriniki panguva yakatarwa sezvaanokuudzai.
- Tarisa BP yako, cholesterol, uye shuga nguva nenguva uye zvichengetedze zviri pasi pesimba rako.
- Kana paine zviratidzo zvitsva kana zviratidzo zviripo zvachinja, taurira chiremba wako nekukasika.
- Chengetedzawo hutano hwepfungwa dzako. Zvakajairika kuti unzwe kunetseka uye kutya kana uchirarama nechirwere chakadai. Taura nemhuri yako, shamwari, kana mupi wezano nezvazvo kana zvichidikanwa.
Unofanira kuenda kuEmergency Treatment Unit (ETU) riini?
Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu ari pedyo newe akasangana nezviratidzo zvechirwere chemwoyo (kurwadziwa kwechipfuva kwakanyanya, kunetseka kufema, kurwadziwa kunobva paruoko rweruboshwe) kana sitiroko (kurereka kurutivi rumwe rwechiso, kunetseka kutaura, kurasikirwa nepfungwa kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri) , fonera 1990 nekukurumidza kuti utore amburenzi kana kuenda kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU). Aya ndiwo mamiriro ekunze anoda kurapwa nekukurumidza.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Atherosclerosis chirwere chisingaperi, asi chine njodzi zvikuru chinokura mukati metsinga dzeropa.
- Cholesterol yakakwira, BP yakakwira, chirwere cheshuga, uye kusvuta ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinokonzera njodzi.
- Njodzi iyi inogona kuderedzwa zvakanyanya nekudya zvakanaka, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose , uye kusasvuta.
- Kana uri panjodzi, zvakakosha kuti urambe uchiongororwa nachiremba, kunyangwe usina zviratidzo.
- Usaregeredza zviratidzo zvechirwere chemwoyo kana sitiroko. Izvi zvinongoitika nekukurumidza. Tsvaga rubatsiro rwechiremba nekukasika.
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