Iwe kana mwana wako mune zviratidzo zvekuomerwa nekuteerera, kusateerera, kana kuita zvinhu zvisina kurongeka here? Kana zvakadaro, chiremba wenyu anogona kukurudzira kuti muongorore ADHD. Izvi zvinonziwo ADHD Assessment. Iyi haisi bvunzo, asi ongororo yekuona kana muine ADHD.
Kutanga, chii chinonzi ADHD?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ADHD inomiririra Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder . Idambudziko rine chekuita nekukura kwehuropi hwedu. Rinowanzo tanga tiri vana. Kare, vanhu vaisava nechiratidzo che'Hyperactivity' asi vaisagona kugara panzvimbo imwe chete vainzi ADD (Attention-Deficit Disorder). Asi ikozvino yava kuonekwawo serudzi rweADHD.
Munhu ane ADHD anogona kunge aine matambudziko madiki nezvinhu zvakaita se:
- Kusafunga: Kuita zvinhu kamwe kamwe usingafungi.
- Kusashanda zvakanyanya: Kusakwanisa kugara panzvimbo imwe chete, kugara uchimhanya-mhanya uye uchisvetuka-svetuka.
- Kukanganiswa: Kurasikirwa nekutarisa kunyangwe pazvinhu zvidiki, zvichikuomera kuisa pfungwa dzako pabasa riripo.
- Kuoma kwekutevera mirairo: Kuoma kwekutevera mirairo uye kuitevedzera nemazvo.
- Kuomerwa nekupedza basa: Kutanga basa asi usingakwanise kuripedza wobva warega pakati.
Bvunzo yeADHD inoitwa rini?
Kazhinji, bvunzo iyi inoitwa kana mubereki, mudzidzisi, kana chiremba wemwana akaona shanduko muhunhu hwemwana. Kureva kuti, kana hunhu hwemwana huchiita sehunovhiringidza basa rechikoro kana rechikoro.
ADHD inowanzoonekwa kekutanga muhudiki, ndosaka vanachiremba vevana vachiwanzobvunza vabereki nevadzidzisi nezvemaitiro emwana wavo kumba nekuchikoro.
Kana ukaona shanduko muhunhu hwemwana wako, kana kuti ukanzwa kuti une zviratidzo zveADHD semunhu mukuru, unogona kutaura nachiremba wako woongororwa. Hapana mushonga weADHD parizvino. Zvisinei, kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa nekukurumidza, unogona kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera uye mazano uye kuita kuti hupenyu huve nyore. Nekuti chirwere ichi chinogonawo kuuya nematambudziko ekudzidza nematambudziko ehunhu.
Ndingaongorora sei mwana wangu ADHD?
Danho rako rekutanga rinofanira kunge riri rekutaura nachiremba wevana vemwana wako, kunyanya kana uchinetseka nezve:
- Mwana wako angaomerwa nekugara akatarisa, kugara panzvimbo imwe chete, uye kudzora manzwiro ake asina kunaka.
- Maitiro aya anonzi ane simba guru pabasa remwana kumba nerechikoro.
Kana zviratidzo izvi zviri kukanganisa kudzidza kwemwana wenyu, chiremba wenyu anogona kukuudzai kuti mufonere chikoro mokumbira kuongororwa kwekudzidza. Taurai zvakananga sezvinobvira nezvematambudziko ekudzidza kana maitiro emwana wenyu. Semuenzaniso, zvinhu zvakaita sekuchinja mabhii kana manhamba, kuoma kunyora, nezvimwewo.
Pamutemo, zvikoro zvinogona kuongorora vana vane makore ari pakati pe3 ne21 ekuberekwa kuti vaone kana vaine matambudziko ekudzidza. Kuongororwa uku hakubhadharwi.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti chikoro hachigone kuona ADHD. Asi vanogona kunyora zviratidzo zvacho vozviisa muchikamu che "Other Health Impaired" (OHI). Unogona kutora kopi yemushumo uyu paunoenda kunoona chiremba. Mushumo uyu wechikoro uchabatsira zvikuru chiremba pakuongorora mwana wako.
Bvunzo iyi ndeyevana chete here? Inowanikwawo kune vakuru here?
Kwete. Vakuru vanogona kuongororwa uye kuonekwa vaine ADHD chero pazera ripi zvaro. Kutaura zvazviri, vanhu vakuru vanosvika 4% vane zviratidzo zveADHD. Kazhinji, zviratidzo izvi zvave zviripo kubva paudiki, asi zvinogona kunge zvisati zvamboonekwa. Kana uchifunga kuti ungave uine zviratidzo zveADHD, zvakanaka kutaura nachiremba wako woongororwa.
Zvakanaka, ngationei kuti bvunzo iyi inoshanda sei.
Iyi haisi nzira yedanho rimwe chete. Vanachiremba vanotevera matanho akati wandei ekuongorora chirwere ichi, vachishandisa gwara kubva kuAmerican Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR™).
Nzira yekuongorora ADHD ine matanho matatu makuru:
1. Kuziva zviratidzo: Kutanga, ziva kana paine zviratidzo zvine chekuita neADHD, uye kana zviratidzo izvozvo zvichikanganisa mabasa ezuva nezuva.
2. Kusabvisa zvimwe zvikonzero: Tinotsvaga zvimwe zvinokonzera zviratidzo izvi. Semuenzaniso, zviratidzo izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sematambudziko ekurara, matambudziko emagariro evanhu, uye kuora mwoyo.
3. Kuziva zvimwe zvirwere (Comorbidity): Tinotsvaga zvimwe zvirwere zvinoenderana neADHD, zvakaita sekutadza kudzidza, matambudziko ekuzvidya mwoyo, matambudziko epfungwa, kana matambudziko emanzwiro.
Munguva yekuongorora ADHD, unogona kutarisira zvinhu zvakaita se:
- Kuongororwa kwechiremba: Kuongororwa kwechiremba, kwemuviri, kana kwetsinga kunoitwa kuti kuonekwe kana zviratidzo zveADHD (kusanyatsoteerera, kusashanda zvakanyanya, kusada kuita chimwe chinhu) zviripo.
- Mibvunzo nekuunganidza ruzivo:Mibvunzo chaiyo (zviyero zvekuyera) pamwe nemamwe masosi eruzivo zvinoshandiswa kuona kana mwana kana iwe uchizadzisa zvinodiwa.
- Kubvunzurudza: Kubvunza nezvemaitiro emwana munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai sekumba nekuchikoro.
Kuti vaongorore ADHD, vanachiremba vanotarisa zvinhu izvi zvakananga.
| Chikamu | Zvaunofanira Kufunga Nezve |
|---|---|
| Kune vana | Zviratidzo zvitanhatu kana kupfuura kubva kune chimwe kana zviviri zvezvikamu zvikuru zviviri (kusateerera uye kunyanyisa kuita zvinhu nekukurumidza) zvinofanira kunge zvaivepo kwemwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura. |
| Kune vakuru | Mune chimwe chezvikamu zviviri zvikuru, zviratidzo zvishanu kana kupfuura zvinofanira kunge zvaivepo kwemwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura. |
| Pfungwa dzakawanda |
|
Pane zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita seADHD here?
Ehe. Kuti unyatsoongorora ADHD, chiremba wako anofanira kubvisa zvimwe zvirwere zvinogona kukonzera zviratidzo izvi. Heano mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anogona kutorwa seADHD.
| Chinzvimbo | Zvakafanana sei neADHD? |
|---|---|
| Kunetseka | Kugara uchingonzwa kusagadzikana uye uchiomerwa nekuisa pfungwa dzako pane chimwe chinhu. |
| Kuora mwoyo | Kurasikirwa nechido nebasa, kuoma kwekuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chete. |
| Kuremara Kwekudzidza | Kuomerwa nekuteerera pabasa rechikoro, kuoma kutevedzera mirairo. |
| Autism | Kuoma muhukama hwevanhu, kusanyanya kuita zvinhu. |
| Kubatwa nepfari kusingaonekwe | Kurasikirwa nepfungwa kamwe kamwe, kunzwa sekunge uri munyika yezviroto. |
| Matambudziko Ekurara | Kurara masikati, kushaya zororo, uye kunetseka kuisa pfungwa pane chimwe chinhu. |
Chii chinoitika bvunzo isati yaitwa uye yapera?
Ungagadzirira sei bvunzo?
Paunoenda kunoongororwa, uya nerunyorwa rwemishonga yese yauri kutora iwe kana mwana wako. Uyewo, gadzirira kupindura mibvunzo ine chekuita nenhoroondo yehutano hwemhuri, nhoroondo yehutano hwako, mashandiro echikoro kana kubasa, uye maitiro ako. Pfeka zvakanaka, sezvo ungangoongororwawo mumuviri.
Chii chekutarisira panguva yebvunzo?
- Kupindura mibvunzo: Uchafanira kutaura nachiremba nezvenhoroondo yehutano hwako kana hwemwana wako, zviratidzo, uye maitiro ake.
- Bvunzo:Unogona kuzadza mibvunzo imwe chete kana kupfuura. Unogonawo kuzadza mibvunzo nemhuri, shamwari, kana vadzidzisi.
- Kuongororwa kwemuviri: Kuongororwa kwemuviri kunoitwa kuti pasave nezvimwe zvirwere.
- Kucherechedza mwana: Kana bvunzo iri kuitwa pamwana wenyu, chiremba achapedza nguva nemwana kuti aone maitiro ake.
Bvunzo yacho inotora nguva yakareba sei?
Kuongororwa kweADHD kunowanzo tora awa imwe kusvika matatu . Zvisinei, kuongororwa kwakazara kunogona kutora nguva yakareba nekuti chiremba anofanira kuunganidza ruzivo kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana (vabereki, vadzidzisi). Kana zvichidikanwa mimwe miedzo kuti pasave nezvimwe zvirwere, zvinogona kutora mazuva kana kunyange mavhiki.
Ndezvipi zvinobuda mushure mekuongororwa?
Nekuti bvunzo dzeADHD inzira ine matanho akawanda, mhedzisiro inogona kusiyana. Iwe kana mwana wako munogona kuonekwa mune chimwe chirwere, senge kuzvidya mwoyo kana kuora mwoyo, pachinzvimbo cheADHD.
Kana iwe kana mwana wako mukasangana nezvinodiwa zveADHD, chiremba wenyu anogona kukuongororai kuti mune imwe yemhando ina huru dzeADHD:
- Rudzi rwakanyanya kunyanyisa kushanda/kuvhunduka: Avo vanoratidza hunhu hwekuvhunduka/kuvhunduka kweinenge mwedzi mitanhatu, asi havagoni kuonekwa se "vasina hanya."
- Rudzi rwakanyanya kusateerera: Kare rwainzi ADD, uyu munhu anga aine matambudziko ekuteerera kwemwedzi mitanhatu asi haaonekwe seanonyanya kushanda zvisina tsarukano/asingafungi.
- Rudzi rwakabatana: Avo vanoratidza zviratidzo zveADHD (kusateerera uye kusashanda zvakanyanya) kwemwedzi mitanhatu. Ruzhinji rwevana vane ADHD rwunowira murudzi urwu.
- Zvimwe ADHD zvakatarwa/zvisina kutaurwa: Vanhu vane matambudziko ekuteerera asi vasingasvike pazvinodiwa kuti vapihwe chirwere cheADHD chakazara.
Kuti zvinotora nguva yakareba sei kuti uwane mhinduro dzebvunzo zvinoenderana nekuti chiremba anoita bvunzo dzakawanda sei asati aongorora chirwere. Unogona kuwana rumwe ruzivo nezveizvi nekubvunza chiremba wako.
Mibvunzo yepamhepo chete haigone kuona kana munhu aine ADHD. Inongopa pfungwa isina musoro. Chiremba akadzidziswa chete ndiye anogona kuona ADHD uye kunyora marapirwo.
Kana uchinetseka kana kutya nezvekuongororwa ADHD, yeuka kuti ichi chirwere chinorapika chiripo kune vanhu vazhinji. Kuongororwa kwakakodzera uye kurapwa kunogona kuvandudza hupenyu hwako zvakanyanya. Saka kana uchifunga kuti iwe kana mwana wako mungave neADHD, taura nachiremba wako nhasi. Varipo kuti vakubatsire.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- ADHD chirwere chaicho. Hachisi husimbe kana dambudziko remaitiro.
- Chirwere ichi chinogona kukanganisa vana nevakuru. Vakuru vazhinji vanogona kunge vaine chirwere ichi kubva vachiri vadiki asi vasingachizive.
- Kuongororwa kweADHD hakusi nyore sekuongororwa ropa. Iongororo yakazara inotora ruzivo kubva kuvanhu vazhinji, kusanganisira vanachiremba, vabereki, nevadzidzisi.
- Kana muchifungidzira kuti imi kana mwana wenyu ane zviratidzo zveADHD, zvakakosha kuona chiremba ane hunyanzvi pane kutsvaga ruzivo paindaneti.
- Kuongororwa kwechirwere nekukurumidza, kurapwa kwakakodzera (mishonga, maitiro ekurapa), uye rutsigiro zvinogona kuita kuti hupenyu hubudirire uye huve nyore.
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