Nzira yazvino yekushandisa masero ako kurwisa kenza (CAR T-cell Therapy)

Wakambofunga here kuti muviri wedu unogona kurwisa kenza wega? Kutaura zvazviri, muviri wedu une dziviriro yakangwara inonzi immune system. Une chikamu chakakosha chinonzi T-cells, chakafanana nemasoja. Basa rawo nderekutsvaga nekuparadza utachiona hwekunze nemasero akachinja anopinda mumuviri. Asi dzimwe nguva, masero ekenza anonyengera zvikuru. Anohwanda kubva kumasero aya eT, oanyengera uye anokura mumuviri. Panguva dzakadaro, tichataura nezvekurapa kutsva, kunoshamisa kunobatsira masero edu eT kuziva nekuparadza masero ekenza nekuvapa "kudzidziswa kwakakosha."

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi CAR T-cell therapy?

Kunyange zvazvo zita racho ringanzwika serakaoma, pfungwa yacho iri nyore. Kurapa neCAR T-cell imhando yekurapa nekudzivirira muviri. Kunosanganisira kutora mamwe emasero ako eT woagadzirisa majini murabhoritari.

Funga nezvemasero ako eT semapurisa. Masero egomarara akafanana nembavha dzakavanda. Kazhinji, mapurisa haakwanise kuziva mbavha idzi. Kurapa nemasero eCAR T kwakafanana nekupa mapurisa ako (masero eT) magirazi akakosha. Girazi iri rinonzi 'Chimeric Antigen Receptor' (CAR) . Rinogadzirwa murabhoritari uye rakabatana nemasero eT.

Zvino, kana girazi iri rakakosha raiswa, masero eT anokwanisa kuziva mapuroteni chaiwo (antigens) ari pamusoro pemasero ekenza. Masero ekenza akange akavanzika ava kuoneka zvakajeka. Masero eT, ayo akawana simba iri, anobva aenda zvakananga kunorwisa masero ekenza nekuaparadza. Kurapa uku kunobatsira zvikuru mukurapa zvachose mamwe marudzi ekenza yeropa uye mukubatsira vamwe kurarama kwenguva refu nekenza.

Ndeapi marudzi ekenza yeropa anorapwa nekurapwa uku?

Parizvino, kurapwa neCAR T-cell kunoshandiswa chete kune mamwe marudzi ekenza yeropa asina kupindura kune mamwe marapirwo (akadai sechemotherapy) kana kuti akadzoka mushure mekurapwa. Sezvo ichiri mushonga mutsva, haisi mishonga yose inopihwa kune mamwe makenza.

Tafura iri pazasi inoratidza kuti ndeapi marudzi ekenza ari kutenderwa kurapwa uku parizvino.

Maitiro aya ekurapa anoitika sei?

Maitiro ese aya anoitika mumatanho akati wandei. Zvakafanana nekudzidzisa masoja hondo wobva wavadzosera kuhondo.

Danho 1: Kuunganidza masero ako eT

Kutanga, muviri wako unofanirwa kuunganidza masero machena eropa, kunyanya masero eT. Izvi zvinoitwa kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi leukapheresis . Izvi zvinosanganisira kutumira ropa rako nemuchina, unoparadzanisa masero machena eropa chete, uye kudzorera rimwe ropa rose mumuviri wako. Izvi zvakafanana nekupa ropa, asi chikamu chimwe chete cheropa chinotorwa uye rimwe rose rinodzoserwa.

2. Danho: Tumira maT cells kurabhoritari woagadzirisa

Tevere, masero eT anotorwa kubva kwauri anotumirwa ku lab yakasarudzika. Ikoko, masayendisiti anoshandisa genetic engineering kuisa CAR (Chimeric Antigen Receptor) yatakambotaura nezvayo mumasero eT. Zvadaro, aya masero matsva eCAR T ane simba guru anokura mu lab kusvika ava nemamiriyoni awo. Maitiro aya anotora mavhiki matatu kusvika matanhatu.Zvinogona kutora nguva.

3. Danho: Kugadzirira muviri wako

Kusvika masero eCAR T agadzirwa murabhoritari, chiremba wako anogona kukupa mamwe marapirwo (bridging therapy), akadai sechemotherapy, kudzora kenza yako.

Zvadaro, mazuva mashoma usati wapiwa maCAR T-cells matsva, uchapihwa chemotherapy ine dose shoma. Inonzi lymphodepleting chemotherapy . Izvi zvinoshanda nekuderedza simba remasero emuviri wako, zvichigadzira nzvimbo iri nani yekuti maCAR T-cells matsva, akasimba, ashande.

4. Danho: Kudzorera ma super T cells mumuviri

Ichi ndicho chiitiko chikuru. Kungofanana nekupa mushonga wesaline, maCAR T-cells matsva anopinzwa mumuviri wako kuburikidza netsinga (mutsinga wemutsinga - IV). Izvi zvinotora pakati pemaminitsi mashanu nemakumi matatu. Kana masero aya apinda mumuviri, anotanga kuwanda ega, achitsvaga uye achiparadza masero ekenza. Nekuti masero aya anogara mumuviri kwenguva yakareba uye achirwisa kenza, vamwe vanoti kurapwa uku "mushonga mupenyu."

Chii chinoitika mushure mekurapwa? Ndezvipi njodzi dziripo?

Nekuti iyi mishonga yakasimba kwazvo, dzimwe nguva migumisiro yakaipa inogona kuitika. Saka, uchafanira kugara muchipatara kweinenge vhiki kusvika kumazuva gumi mushure mekurapwa. Vanachiremba nevanamukoti vachakutarisa zvakanyanya.

Migumisiro Mikuru

Kune migumisiro miviri mikuru uye yakajairika yekurapa uku. Kunyangwe izvi zvichigona kuva nengozi, zvikwata zvekurapa zvakagadzirira zvakakwana kuzvirapa.

Kurapa uku kunobudirira sei?

Kurapa neCAR T-cell kwaunza tariro itsva kuvanhu vazhinji vari kurwisana nekenza yeropa, kunyanya avo vasina kupindura kune dzimwe nzira dzekurapa.

• Semuenzaniso, vana vanopfuura 85% vakagamuchira mushonga uyu wevana vane chirwere chegomarara remudumbu (ALL) vakazorora zvachose mushure mekurapwa. Uye, 60% yavo vakanga vachiri vasina gomarara gore rimwe chete mushure mekurapwa.

Tekinoroji iyi ichiri kushanduka. Vaongorori pasi rese vari kuramba vachiedza kuvandudza kurapwa uku, kuderedza migumisiro, uye kuona kana kuchigona kushandiswa kune mamwe marudzi ekenza.

Unofanira kuona chiremba rini?

Migumisiro yekurapwa uku, kunyanya Cytokine Release Syndrome nematambudziko etsinga, zvinogona kutyisidzira hupenyu . Saka usati wabuda muchipatara, bvunza chiremba wako kuti zviratidzo zvipi zvaunofanira kuziva zvakanyanya.

Kana zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha, dzihwa, musoro, uye kuda kurutsa zvikaramba zviripo, zvinogona kuva chiratidzo chechirwere chakakomba. Kana zvakadaro, fonera chiremba wako nekukasika kana kuenda kuEmergency Department (ETU) yechipatara.

Kana iwe kana mumwe munhu waunoziva aine kenza yeropa, taura nachiremba wako nezvekuti kurapwa kweCAR T-cell kwakakunakira here. Kunyange zvazvo kurapwa uku kusiri kwemunhu wese, kunogona kuchinja hupenyu hwemunhu akakodzera.