Unoziva nezveHIV neAIDS here? Ngatitaure nezvezvirwere izvi zvine njodzi (HIV neAIDS)!

Paunonzwa mazwi ekuti HIV neAIDS, pamwe unonzwa kutya zvishoma, handiti? Kunyangwe paine nyaya dzakawanda pamusoro peizvi munharaunda, zvakakosha kuziva chaizvo kuti ndedzipi, kuti dzinokonzereswa sei, uye kuti ungazvidzivirira sei. Saka nhasi, tichataura nezvazvo zvakadzama, nenzira yaunogona kunzwisisa.

Chii chinonzi HIV? (Chii chinonzi HIV?)

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, HIV inomiririra Human Immunodeficiency Virus. Kana hutachiona uhu hukapinda mumiviri yedu, hunorwisa masoja edu emuviri. Kunyanya, chinangwa chikuru chehutachiona uhu iCD4 cells, rudzi rwemasero machena eropa anodzivirira miviri yedu kubva kuzvirwere. Sezvo hutachiona hweHIV huchiparadza masero aya, kugona kwemuviri wedu kurwisa zvirwere kunoderera zvishoma nezvishoma.

Utachiona hweHIV uhwu hunoshanda nenzira yekuchenjera zvikuru. Hunoisa mirayiridzo yahwo muDNA yemasero edu. Tinoti mavhairasi anoshanda kumashure seizvi retrovirus .

Saka chii chinonzi AIDS? (Chii chinonzi AIDS?)

AIDS inomiririra Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome . Iyi ndiyo nhanho yekupedzisira uye yakanyanya kuoma yekutapukirwa neHIV. Munhu ane AIDS zvinoreva kuti masoja emuviri wake adzikira zvakanyanya nehutachiona hweHIV, uye huwandu hwemasero eCD4 hwakaderera zvakanyanya. Izvi zvinoita kuti vabatwe nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana (zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvaita) uye kunyange kenza izvo munhu ane hutano hwakanaka aisazokwanisa kuzviwana zviri nyore.

Kazhinji, kana hutachiona hweHIV hukasarapwa, hunogona kukura kuita AIDS mukati memakore angangoita gumi.

Musiyano uripo pakati peHIV neAIDS ndeupi?

Vanhu vazhinji vanovhiringidza zvinhu zviviri izvi. HIV ivhairasi. Ndiwo hutachiona hunopedza simba remuviri wedu. AIDS chirwere chakakomba chinokonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV. Iboka rezvirwere zvinoitika kana muviri wemuviri wadzikira zvakanyanya.

Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti munhu asina hutachiona hweHIV haakwanise kuwana AIDS.

Nekurapa kwazvino, havasi vese vane HIV vanozobatwa neAIDS. Zvisinei, kana vakasarapwa, vanhu vazhinji vane HIV vari panjodzi yekubatwa neAIDS.

Chii chinoitwa nehutachiona hweHIV kumunhu?

Kana utachiona hweHIV hukapinda mumuviri wedu, hunoenda zvakananga kunotsvaga masero eCD4 (masero eT anobatsira) mumuviri wedu. Hunobva hwaparadza masero aya. Izvi zvinoderedza huwandu hwemasero machena eropa mumuviri wedu. Nekuda kweizvozvo, dziviriro yemuviri wedu, iyo inowanzo kwanisa kupora zviri nyore kunyangwe tikarwara, inova isina simba. Kunyangwe chirwere chidiki chinogona kuva chakakomba.

Paunotanga kubata HIV, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita sedzihwa kana furuu. Zvadaro, hutachiona hunogona kugara mumuviri wako kwemakore pasina zviratidzo. Munguva iyoyo, hunoparadza masero eCD4 yako chinyararire.Kana huwandu hwemasero eCD4 hukadzikira zvakanyanya, kana kuti paunotanga kurwara zvisingawanikwe nevanhu vane hutano hwakanaka, zvinogona kunzi hutachiona hweHIV hwava AIDS.

Kana wava neAIDS, unogona kutanga kudzikira uremu kamwe kamwe, kunzwa kuneta zvakanyanya, kuva nemaronda mumuromo mako kana kunhengo dzekubereka, kuva nefivha, kudikitira husiku, uye kutsvuka kweganda. Zvakare, vanhu vane AIDS vanogona kuwana zvimwe zvirwere nekenza, saka zviratidzo zvine chekuita nazvo zvinogonawo kuoneka.

Ngatidzidzei zvishoma nezve retrovirus.

Masero emuviri wedu anoshanda zvichienderana nepurani (seti yemirairo) inonzi DNA. DNA iyi inogadzira meseji inonzi RNA, uye zvichienderana nemeseji iyoyo, mapuroteni anodiwa nemuviri wedu anogadzirwa.

Zvisinei, mavhairasi emudumbu anoshanda zvakasiyana. Mirayiridzo yawo yakanyorwa muRNA. Kana vhairasi ikapinda mumasero edu, inochinja RNA yayo kuti iite seDNA iri mumasero edu. Zvadaro, inocheka DNA iri mumasero edu yoisa mirairo yayo mairi. Zvadaro, masero edu anoshanda zvichienderana nemirairo yevhairasi. HIV ndeimwe yevhairasi yakadaro.

Ndiani anonyanya kubatwa neHIV?

Pfungwa yevanhu vakawanda yekuti "vanhu vamwe chete ndivo vanowana HIV" haina kururama zvachose. Munhu wese anosangana nehutachiona anogona kuwana HIV. Kuita bonde risina dziviriro uye kushandisa mishonga pamwe chete netsono ndiyo nzira huru dzinopararira nayo HIV.

Zvisinei, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwezviverengero, mamwe mapoka evanhu anonyanya kubatwa neHIV. Izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Ngochani, Murume kana Mukadzi, Murume kana Mukadzi.
• Mamwe marudzi, semuenzaniso vatema nevaHispanic (izvi hazvina basa zvakanyanya kuSri Lanka, asi iyi ndiyo mamiriro ezvinhu pasi rose).
• Vanhu vanopa rubatsiro rwepabonde vachitsinhana nemari kana zvimwe zvinhu vari panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa neHIV.

Vanhu ava havasi ivo vega vanobatwa neHIV. Zvisinei, mapoka aya anotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda pakudzivirira HIV, kuongororwa, uye kuwana kurapwa kwakakodzera. Kuvenga vanhu vanoita zvepabonde nevanhurume kana vanhukadzi, rusaruraganda, urombo, uye rusarura rwakabatana neHIV zvinotadzisa vazhinji kuwana rubatsiro rwehutano rwepamusoro.

HIV yakajairika zvakadii?

Huwandu hwevanhu vane HIV itsva pasi rose hwaderera zvishoma. Asi vanhu vakawanda vachiri kurarama neHIV. Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti vanhu vakawanda vane HIV havatombozivi kuti vanayo. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti munhu aongororwe HIV nguva dzose.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveHIV?

Unogona kutapukirwa neHIV kunyangwe usina zviratidzo. Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti uongororwe HIV kunyangwe usinganzwe kurwara.

Dzimwe nguva, paunotanga kutapukirwa neHIV, unogona kuona zviratidzo zvakafanana nefivha kana dzihwa. Izvi zvinonzi "Acute Retroviral Syndrome" (ARS) . Zviratidzo izvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kupindwa nechando
• Ndiri kutonhorwa.
• Kuneta
• Huro inorwadza
• Kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama
• Kudikitira husiku
• Mapundu eganda
• Manodhi elymph akazvimba
• Maronda emuromo

Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzopera mukati mevhiki imwe kana mbiri, kana kunyange mwedzi.

Matanho eHIV ndeapi?

Kune matanho makuru matatu ekutapukirwa neHIV:

Danho 1: Kutapukirwa neHIV kwakanyanya

Vamwe vanhu vanogona kuona zviratidzo zvakaita sefivha kana dzihwa mukati memwedzi mumwe kana miviri mushure mekutapukirwa neHIV. Zviratidzo izvi zvinowanzopera mukati mevhiki imwe kana mwedzi. Munguva iyi , hutachiona huri kuwedzera nekukurumidza mumuviri, saka pane mukana mukuru wekutapurira vamwe.

Danho rechipiri: Kutapukirwa neHIV kwenguva refu/Kunonoka kwekiriniki

Mushure mechikamu chechirwere ichi, unogona kurarama neHIV kwemakore usinganzwe kurwara. Izvi zvinonzi "chikamu chechirwere chisingaperi" kana kuti "kunonoka kwechirwere." Chinhu chakakosha chekurangarira ndechekuti kunyangwe usinganzwe kurwara, unogona kutapurira vamwe HIV. Kana usingawane kurapwa, chikamu ichi chinogona kugara kwemakore gumi kana kupfuura. Asi kune vamwe vanhu, chikamu ichi chinogona kupera nekukurumidza. Vanhu vanowana kurapwa vanogona kugara muchikamu ichi kwemakumi emakore.

Danho rechitatu: AIDS

AIDS ndiyo nhanho yakanyanya yekutapukirwa neHIV. Panguva ino, hutachiona hweHIV hwaderedza simba remuviri wako zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti uve panjodzi yekubatwa nezvirwere zvinongoerekana zvauya .

Utachiona hunokanganisa muviri hunowanzo dzora nyore nyore nemunhu ane masoja emuviri akasimba. Zvisinei, kana masoja emuviri akaneta neHIV, hutachiona uhu hunogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru mumuviri.

Njodzi yekubatwa nemamwe marudzi egomarara inowedzerawo kuvanhu vane AIDS. Magomarara aya nezvirwere zvinongoerekana zvaonekwa pamwe chete se "zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS."

Kuti munhu aonekwe aine AIDS, anofanira kunge aine HIV uye aine chimwe chezvirwere zvinotevera:

• Kuva nemasero eCD4 asingasviki mazana maviri pa cubic millimeter yeropa (masero mazana maviri/mm3).
• Kuva nechirwere chimwe kana kupfuura chinonzi "AIDS-definition".

Ndezvipi zvirwere zvinotsanangura AIDS?

Izvi zvinosanganisira zvirwere zvinongoerekana zvatanga, mamwe magomarara (anowanzo kukonzerwa nemavhairasi), uye mamwe marwere etsinga. Mimwe mienzaniso ndeiyi:

• Burkitt lymphoma
• Candidiasis yebronchi, esophagus, trachea kana mapapu
• Isosporiasis isingaperi yemudumbu (cystoisosporiasis) inogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi
• Coccidioidomycosis, yakaparadzirwa/kunze kwemapapu
• Cryptosporidiosis isingaperi yemudumbu inogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi
• Chirwere cheCytomegalovirus (kusasanganisira chiropa, spleen, kana lymph nodes), chinoitika kuvanhu vane makore anopfuura mwedzi mumwe chete.
• Cytomegalovirus retinitis (nekutadza kuona zvakanaka)
• Encephalopathy inokonzerwa neHIV
• Cryptococcosis iri kunze kwemapapu
• Maronda eHerpes simplex (anogara kwenguva inopfuura mwedzi)
• Herpes simplex bronchitis, pneumonia kana esophagitis (inoitika kuvanhu vane mwedzi unodarika mumwe chete)
• Histoplasmosis, yakapararira/kunze kwemapapu
• HIV wasting syndrome (HIV wasting syndrome - kuderedza uremu zvakanyanya)
• Kenza yemuromo wechibereko inopararira
• Immunoblastic Lymphoma
• Kaposi sarcoma
• Kutapukirwa nemabhakitiriya akawanda kana kuti anodzokororwa
• Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), yakaparadzirwa/kunze kwemapapu
• Mycobacterium kansasii, yakapararira/kunze kwemapapu
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB) munzvimbo chero ipi zvayo
• Mamwe marudzi e mycobacteria kana marudzi asingazivikanwe, akapararira/asiri mumapapu
• Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP)
• Lymphoma yepfungwa huru
• Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML)
• Mabayo anowanzoitika
• Kurwara kweSalmonella septicemia (isiri typhoid) kunoitika nguva nenguva
• Toxoplasmosis yeuropi (inoitika kuvanhu vane makore anopfuura mwedzi mumwe chete)

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zveAIDS?

Zviratidzo zveAIDS zvinogona kukonzerwa nehutachiona hweHIV pachayo, pamwe nezvimwe zvirwere zvinoshandisa simba remuviri wako. Zvimwe zveizvi zvinosanganisira:

• Kuderedza uremu nekukurumidza
• Kugara uchidziya muviri kana kudikitira zvakanyanya husiku
• Kunzwa kuneta zvakanyanya pasina chikonzero
• Kuzvimba kwehapwa, mutsipa, kana nzvimbo yemutsipa
• Manyoka anogara kwemavhiki
• Maronda mumuromo, mutsvina, kana munzvimbo dzepabonde
• Chirwere chemabayo
• Mavara matsvuku, mashava, mapingi, kana kuti mapepuru paganda, mukati memuromo, mhino, kana maziso
• Kurasikirwa nendangariro, kuora mwoyo, nezvimwe zvirwere zvetsinga

Chii chinokonzera HIV/AIDS?

HIV inokonzerwa nehutachiona hunonzi Human Immunodeficiency Virus . Hutachiona uhwu hunorwisa masero eCD4 (masero eT-anobatsira) emuviri wedu.Vanorwisa nekuparadza, izvo zvinoderedza simba remuviri rekudzivirira zvirwere.

AIDS inoitika kana HIV ikadzikisa huwandu hwemasero emuviri anodzivirira zvirwere, ichideredza simba remuviri kusvika pakuti haichakwanisi kurwisa zvimwe zvirwere.

HIV inopararira sei?

HIV inogona kutapuriranwa kuburikidza neropa, urume, mvura dzemudumbu, mukaka wezamu, uye zvinobuda mutsvina yemunhu ane HIV. Munhu wese ane hunhu hwepabonde kana hwepabonde anogona kutapukirwa neHIV oipfuudza kune vamwe.

Utachiona uhwu hunogona kupinda mumuviri wako nemuromo wako, mudumbu, munhengo yemurume, kana ganda rakatyoka. Kunze kwekunge paine ronda kana ganda rakakuvara, hutachiona uhwu hahugone kupinda neganda rine hutano. Kana uine pamuviri uye uine HIV, hutachiona uhwu hunogonawo kutapurirwa kumwana wako.

Kuita bonde risina dziviriro uye kushandisa tsono pamwe chete pakubaya mishonga ndiyo nzira huru dzinoshandiswa kupararira kweHIV. Kunyangwe usinganzwe kurwara, unogona kutapurira vamwe HIV.

HIV inogona kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nekutsvodana here?

Sezvo HIV isingatapurirwi nemate, hazviwanzoitiki kutapurira HIV kuburikidza nekutsvodana. Zvisinei, kana vaviri vari vaviri vaine maronda mumuromo kana kuti mazino achibuda ropa, pane mukana mudiki wekutapurirana HIV panguva yekutsvodana kwakadzama, sezvo mamwe manyuchi emuviri anogona kuchinjana.

Uyewo, HIV haigone kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nezvinhu izvi:

• Nekubata kana kumbundira munhu ane HIV/AIDS.
• Kubva kuzvimbuzi zveveruzhinji kana madziva ekushambira.
• Kugovana makapu, ndiro, kana mafoni nemunhu ane HIV/AIDS.
• Kubva pakuruma kwezvipembenene zvakaita seumhutu.
• Nekupa ropa (midziyo inoshandiswa pakupa ropa muSri Lanka yakachengeteka zvikuru).

Ndingaziva sei kana ndine HIV?

Haugone kuziva kana munhu ane HIV nekumutarisa. Zvakare, unogona kunge uine HIV asi usingaone zviratidzo. Nzira chete yekuziva kana uine HIV ndeyekuongororwa HIV.

Nekuti munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vanomwe vane HIV haazive kuti anayo, zvinokurudzirwa kuti munhu wese ari pakati pemakore gumi nematatu nemakumi matanhatu nemana aongororwe HIV kanenge kamwe chete sechikamu chekuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose. Kuongororwa uku ndekwekuzvidira uye kwepachivande.

HIV inoonekwa sei? (Kuongororwa kweHIV)

HIV inoonekwa nekuongororwa ropa rako kana mate . Unogona kuwana bvunzo iyi kumba (nemakit ekuongororwa kumba), kuhofisi yachiremba, kana panzvimbo yekuongororwa munharaunda yako.

Kana mhinduro yako yebvunzo iri "Negative" , hapana imwe bvunzo inodiwa mune izvi zviitiko:

• Kana usati wabatwa neHIV chero nenzira ipi zvayo mukati memwedzi mitatu usati waongororwa.
• Kana usati wabatwa nehutachiona mukati me "window period" yekuongororwa ropa (nguva inotora kuti hutachiona huonekwe). (Kana usina chokwadi nezvewindow period yekuongororwa kwawakaitwa, bvunza chiremba wako.)

Kana wakamboonekwa mukati memwedzi mitatu mushure mekuongororwa, zvakanaka kuti uongororwe zvakare kuti uone kana usina chirwere.

Kana mhinduro yako yebvunzo ikadzoka ichiti "Yakanaka," rabhoritari ichaita mimwe miedzo yekusimbisa mhinduro yacho.

Ndedzipi mhando dzebvunzo dzinoshandiswa kuona HIV?

Kune mhando nhatu huru dzekuongororwa kweHIV:

1. Kuedzwa kweAntigen/Antibody:

• Kuongororwa kweAntigen kunotsvaga chiratidzo chinonzi p24 pamusoro pehutachiona hweHIV. Kuongororwa kweAntibody kunotsvaga makemikari anogadzira miviri yedu kurwisa zviratidzo izvozvo. Kuongororwa uku kunotsvaga zvese zviri zviviri.
• Chiremba anotora ropa diki kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako. Rinotumirwa kurabhoritari roongororwa p24 uye ma antibodies aro. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuona HIV pakati pemazuva 18 kusvika 45 mushure mekusangana nehutachiona.
• Kuongororwa kwekukurumidza kweantigen/antibody kunogona kuitwa nekuyedzwa kweropa kunotorwa neminwe. Kuongororwa uku kunogona kuona HIV mazuva gumi nemasere mushure mekuonekwa nayo. Zvinogona kutora kusvika mazuva makumi mapfumbamwe kuti uwane mhinduro dzakarurama. ("Rapid" zvinoreva nguva inotora kuti uwane mhinduro, kwete nguva inotora kuti uone hutachiona).

2. Kuongororwa kweAntibody:

• Kuongororwa uku kunotsvaga ma antibodies eHIV muropa rako kana mate. Izvi zvinogona kuitwa nekutora ropa kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako, kubaiwa nemunwe, kana sampuli yemate kubva pasuru yemazino ako.
• Zvinogona kutora mazuva ari pakati pe23 ne90 mushure mekuongororwa kweantibody kuti zvionekwe kuti HIV yawanikwa. Kuongororwa kweantibody, kunoitwa paropa rakatorwa kubva mutsinga, kunogona kuona HIV nekukurumidza kupfuura kuongororwa kunoitwa pamate kana ropa rakatorwa kubva pamunwe.

3. Kuedzwa kweNucleic Acid (NATs):

• MaNAT anotsvaga hutachiona hweHIV muropa rako. Chiremba anotora ropa diki kubva mutsinga iri muruoko rwako. Rinotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti riongororwe HIV.
• NAT inogona kuona HIV mukati memazuva gumi kusvika makumi matatu nematatu mushure mekusangana nayo. Zvisinei, bvunzo iyi inowanzoitwa chete kana wakambosangana nayo ine njodzi huru.

Kana mhinduro yako iri "yakanaka," chiremba wako achakurudzira kuongororwa kwakawanda kuti aongorore hutano hwako. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kuwanda Kweropa Rakazara (CBC)
• Kuongororwa kwehepatitis nehutachiona
• X-ray yechipfuva
• Kuongororwa kwepap smear (kuvakadzi)
• Kuwanda kwemasero eCD4 (CD4 count)
• Kuongororwa kwechirwere cheTiberculosis

Pane here bvunzo dzeHIV dzinogona kuitwa kumba? (Ndege dzekuongororwa kumba)

Ehe, kune makiti ekuyedza HIV aunogona kuita kumba. Mamwe acho ndeekuongororwa nekukurumidza. Maari, unokwesha matadza ako neswab yakapfava uye inochinjika. Zvadaro, swab inoiswa muchubhu ine mvura yakakosha uye mhedzisiro yacho inoverengwa. Mhedzisiro yacho inowanikwa mukati memaminitsi gumi nemashanu kusvika makumi maviri.

Kumwe kuyedzwa kumba kunoshandisa mudziyo wekubaya chigunwe chako netsono diki. Donhwe reropa rinoiswa pakadhi, uye kit yekuyedza inotumirwa kurabhoritari kuti iwane mhinduro.

Kana mhinduro yako yekuongororwa kumba ikati "yakanaka," unofanira kuona chiremba wako wobva waongororwazve kuti uone kuti mhinduro yacho yabuda.

Pane mushonga weHIV here?

Parizvino hapana mushonga weHIV. Zvisinei, kune nzira dzakawanda dzekurapa dzinoshanda zvikuru dzinogona kudzora kufambira mberi kweHIV zvakanyanya.

HIV inorapwa sei ? (Kurapwa)

HIV inorapwa nemishonga inonwiwa zuva nezuva inonzi antiretroviral therapy (ART) .

Kutora musanganiswa wemishonga yakasiyana, pane kungova mushonga mumwe chete, ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushanda yekumisa kupararira nekuparadza masero eHIV. Kunewo mapiritsi akabatanidzwa ane mishonga yakawanda mupiritsi rimwe chete. Chiremba wako achasarudza musanganiswa wakakunakira.

Chinangwa chekurapa neART ndechekuderedza huwandu hweHIV muropa (viral load) kusvika padanho risingaonekwe nekuongororwa kweHIV uye kudzora kushomeka kwemasoja emuviri anokonzerwa neHIV.

Mishonga inoshandiswa pakurapa HIV

Mhando imwe neimwe yemushonga unoshandiswa muART inoshanda nenzira yakasiyana kudzivirira hutachiona hweHIV kuti husaite mamwe makopi ahwo kana kutapurira masero ako. Mhando imwe chete yemushonga weART inogona kunge iine mazita akasiyana emhando.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemishonga yeART:

• Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)
• Zvidziviriri zveNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase (NNRTIs)
• Mishonga inodzivirira mapuroteni (PIs)
• Zvinodzivisa fusion
• CCR5 receptor blockers (CCR5 antagonists)
• Mishonga inodzivirira kupararira kwetambo (INSTIs)
• Zvinodzivisa kubatana
• Zvinodzivisa mushure mekunamira
• Zvinowedzera pharmacokinetic
• Musanganiswa wemishonga yeHIV

Ndingazvichengeta sei ini ndichirarama neHIV?

Zvakakosha kutora mushonga wako sezvawakarairwa, panguva yakakodzera, uye kusapotsa nguva yawakapihwa nachiremba. Izvi zvinonziZvinonzi kutevedzera kurapwa.

Kana ukatadza kutora mushonga wako, kunyangwe netsaona, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuchinja nzira yahunotapurira nayo masero (mutate). Kana izvozvo zvikaitika, mushonga waunotora ungasashanda. Kana purogiramu yako yebasa ichikutadzisa kutora mushonga wako nenguva kana kuchengeta nguva yekusangana, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo.

Chii chandinofanira kutarisira kana ndine HIV?

Kana ukaonekwa uine HIV, chinhu chakakosha kuziva ndechekuti vanhu vane HIV vanotevera mirairo yekurapwa nemazvo vanogona kurarama hupenyu hwakakwana, hwakareba, kungofanana nemunhu asina HIV.

Ongororo yakaratidza kuti kana huwandu hwemasero eCD4 ako hwakakwira uye huwandu hwehutachiona hwako husingaonekwe mukati megore rekutanga kurapwa, uchawana mhedzisiro yakanaka, chero bedzi ukaramba uchitevera hurongwa hwekurapa.

Unogona kuvandudza maonero ako nekuita zvinhu izvi:

• Ongororwa sechikamu chekuongororwa kwehutano nguva dzose, kana kana uchifunga kuti ungangove wakambosangana nechirwere ichi.
• Tanga kurapwa neART nekukurumidza mushure mekuonekwa uine HIV.
• Inwa mushonga wako nemazvo zuva nezuva.
• Gara uchisangana nechikwata chako chekurapa.

Kunyange hazvo mushonga weART uchigona kuderedza huwandu hwehutachiona muropa rako kusvika padanho risingaonekwe, haugone kubvisa hutachiona zvachose mumuviri wako (hunogona kugara mukati memasero ako). Kana usingatore mushonga wako nguva dzose, hutachiona hunogona kutanga kupararira zvakare uye kuchinja, uye mushonga wako unogona kumira kushanda.

Kana ukasarapwa, zvinogona kutora makore angangoita gumi kuti HIV isvike pakuva AIDS. Kana ukabatwa neAIDS wosiyiwa usina kurapwa, unogona kutarisira kurarama kwemakore angangoita matatu.

Zvisinei, pakati peavo vari kurapwa, kana huwandu hwemasero eCD4 hwakakwira uye huwandu hwehutachiona husingaonekwe mukati megore rekutanga kurapwa, vanogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba seyemunhu asina HIV. Kana huwandu hwemasero eCD4 hwakaderera mukati megore rekutanga kurapwa, kana huwandu hwehutachiona husingaonekwe, vanogona kurarama makore gumi kusvika makumi maviri pasi pemunhu asina HIV.

HIV inopera yoga here?

HIV haiperi yoga. Nekuti inopinda muDNA yako, masero ako anofunga kuti chikamu chako. Kunyangwe ungasave nezviratidzo kwemakore mushure mehutachiona hwekutanga, uye ungasanzwa kurwara, hutachiona hweHIV hunogona kuramba huchikuvadza masoja emuviri wako.

Paunenge uchitora mishonga, panogona kuva nenguva apo hutachiona hunenge hwakaderera zvakanyanya zvekuti haugone kuonekwa pakuongororwa kweHIV. Munguva idzi, HIV inogona kuramba yakavanda mumuviri wako, isingaonekwe. Inogona "kumuka" mune ramangwana yotanga kuparadza masero ako zvakare.

Ndosaka zvichikosha kuti urambe uchitora mishonga yako yeHIV, kunyangwe usinganzwe kurwara kana kuti uine huwandu husingaonekwe hwehutachiona. Kana usina kurapwa, HIV inopedza simba masoja emuviri wako, zvichiita kuti asakwanise kurwisa zvimwe zvirwere zvakakomba.

Ndingaderedza sei njodzi yangu yekutapurirwa HIV?

Nzira yakanakisisa yekuderedza njodzi yekutapukirwa neHIV ndeyekuziva kuti inopararira sei uye kuzvidzivirira mune zvimwe zviitiko. Kuita bonde risina dziviriro uye kushandisa tsono dzekushandisa mishonga pamwe chete ndiyo nzira huru dzinoshandiswa kupararira neHIV.

Heano mamwe maitiro aunogona kuderedza njodzi yako:

• Shandisa makondomu elatex (marabha) pamhando ipi zvayo yebonde (repanhengo yechikadzi, rekumashure, kana remuromo). Usashandise makondomu akagadzirwa nezvigadzirwa zvemhuka (semuenzaniso, dehwe remakwai).
• Shandisa mafuta anozorwa nemvura (lotion).
• Usambofa wakagovana tsono dzekubaya zvinodhaka.
• Ongororwai uye murapwe zvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde (STIs). Kuva nezvimwe zvirwere zvepabonde kunowedzera njodzi yenyu yekutapukirwa neHIV.
• Usadhakwa kana kushandisa zvinodhaka zvinokanganisa pfungwa dzako. Vanhu vakadhakwa havakwanisi kuzvidzivirira.
• Kana uri panjodzi huru yekubatwa neHIV, bvunza chiremba wako kana uchifanira kutora PrEP (pre-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Kana uchifunga kuti ungangove wakambobatwa neHIV, enda kuna chiremba wako nekukurumidza kuti uone kana uchida kutora PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .
• Funga nezvekuongororwa kuti uone kana uchigona kutapurira vamwe HIV.

Kushandisa kondomu nemazvo kwakakosha zvikuru kudzivirira HIV. Shandisa kondomu rechirume panguva yebonde ripi zvaro rinosanganisira nhengo yako yemurume.

Unogona kudzivirira nhengo yako yemukadzi kana yekumashure uchishandisa makondomu emazino kana makondomu emukati (makondomu echikadzi) . Makondomu emazino zvidimbu zvakati sandara zvepolyurethane kana latex zvinogona kuiswa pamusoro penhengo yemukadzi kana yekumashure panguva yebonde remuromo. Kondomu remukati rinogona kuiswa munhengo yemukadzi kana yekumashure uye rinoshandiswa.

Shandisa rudzi rumwe chete rwekondomu panguva imwe chete. Usashandise kondomu rechirume nekondomu remukati panguva imwe chete.

Mishonga inogona kudzivirira HIV here?

Kune mishonga inogona kubatsira kudzivirira HIV, kune avo vakambobatwa neHIV pamwe chete neavo vari panjodzi huru yekubatwa neHIV. Iyi inonzi PrEP (Pre-exposure prophylaxis) uye PEP (Post-exposure prophylaxis) .

Kudzivirira Kupararira Kwechirwere (PrEP)

PrEP ipiritsi raunonwa zuva nezuva kana usina HIV asi uri panjodzi huru yekutapukirwa.

Zvikuru sei, kana usina HIV, wakambosangana pabonde nekumashure kana nekumashure mumwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura, uye chero chimwe chezvinotevera chiri chokwadi, zvinokurudzirwa kutora PrEP:

• Mudiwa wako wepabonde ane HIV.
• Hauna kugara uchishandisa kondomu.
• Wave nechirwere chepabonde (STI) mukati memwedzi mitanhatu yapfuura.

PrEP inokurudzirwa kana usina HIV, ukabaya mishonga, uye kana chimwe chezvinotevera chiri chokwadi:

• Unobaya mishonga nemumwe wako ane HIV.
• Munogovana tsono kana zvimwe zvishandiso zvekubaya mishonga.

PrEP haisi nzira yekudzivirira dzimwe nzira. Kunyangwe paunenge uchitora PrEP, unofanira kuramba uchishandisa makondomu uye usashandise tsono dzekushandisa pamwe chete kuti ubaye mishonga.

Kudzivirira mushure mekusangana nechirwere (PEP)

PEP inoshandisa mushonga weHIV kuyedza kudzivirira kutapukirwa neHIV nekukurumidza mushure mekunge wabatwa. PEP ndeyevanhu vasina HIV, kana vasingazive kana vane HIV asi vachifunga kuti vangave vakabatwa neHIV kuburikidza nebonde rekubvumirana, kushungurudzwa pabonde, kushandisa tsono (kana zvimwe zvishandiso), kana kusangana nenjodzi yebasa.

Unofanira kutanga PEP mukati memaawa makumi manomwe nemaviri mushure mekusangana nechirwere ichi wochitora zuva rega rega kwemazuva makumi maviri nemasere. PEP ndeyekukurumidzira chete, uye haisi nzira yekudzivirira dzimwe nzira dzakadai sekushandisa makondomu.

Kana ndine HIV, ndingaidzivirira sei kuti isapararire kune vamwe?

Nzira dzakanakisisa dzekudzivirira kutapurirana kweHIV kune vamwe dzakafanana nenzira dzekuzvidzivirira nadzo:

• Udza vadikani vako vepabonde nevaya vanokubaya nejekiseni remishonga kuti une HIV.
• Tevedzera hurongwa hwako hwekurapa uye usaregeredza mishonga yako. Kana huwandu hwehutachiona hwako husingaonekwe, njodzi yako yekutapurira HIV kuburikidza nepabonde inodzikira zvikuru (U=U: Haionekwe = Haiparadzirwe).
• Taura nemumwe wako wepabonde nezvekutora PrEP.
• Kunyangwe huwandu hwehutachiona hwako husingaonekwe, pfeka makondomu panguva yepabonde remukadzi, rekumashure, uye remuromo.
• Musagovane tsono kana zvimwe zvinoshandiswa kubaya mishonga.
• Deredza huwandu hwevanhu vaunosangana navo pabonde.
• Kana uine pamuviri uye uine HIV, kutevedzera hurongwa hwako hwekurapa, kusanganisira mishonga yeART, kunogona kuderedza njodzi yekuparadzira hutachiona kumwana wako.

Ndingabata pamuviri here kana ndine HIV?

Vamwe vanhu vanofunga kuti HIV inoita kuti zviomere kubata pamuviri, asi handizvo. Kana uine HIV uye uchida kubata pamuviri, taura nachiremba wako. Pamwe chete munogona kuronga kuti iwe, mudiwa wako, nevana vako vemangwana mugare muine hutano.

Unogona kutapurira HIV kumudiwa wako kuburikidza nebonde risina dziviriro, uye kumwana wako panguva yekuzvitakura, pakusununguka, uye pakuyamwisa. Kutora mushonga weART kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi yekutapurira HIV kumwana wako, kunyanya kana huwandu hwehutachiona hwako husingaonekwe. Chiremba wako anogona kukukurudzira kuti upe mwana wako mukaka wemukaka panzvimbo pemukaka wemuzamu.

Ndinofanira kuona chiremba wangu rini?

Kana uchifunga kuti ungangove wakambobatwa neHIV, fonera chiremba wako nekukasika. Kana uine HIV, zvakakosha kuti utange kurapwa nekukurumidza .

Kana uchitoziva kuti une HIV, tevera mirairo yachiremba wako nezvenguva yekutaura. Zvakakosha kurapa chero rudzi rwehutachiona, saka taura navo kana uine zviratidzo zvitsva zvakaita sefivha, kudikitira husiku, manyoka, kana chimwe chinhu chinokunetsa.

Mibvunzo ipi yandinofanira kubvunza chiremba wangu?

• Ndiri panjodzi yakakura yekutapukirwa neHIV here?
• Ndingaitei kuti ndideredze njodzi yangu yekutapukirwa neHIV?
• Ndingaite sei kuti ndive nechokwadi chekuti ndatora mishonga yangu nemazvo?
• Ndingaitei kuti ndizvidzivirire kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere?
• Nzira yekudzivirira kupararira kweHIV sei?
• Zvinorevei zvabuda muongororo yangu?
• Kuverengwa kweropa rangu kunorevei?
• Ndeapi majekiseni andinofanira kuwana?

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira (Mharidzo Yekuenda Kumba)

Nzira dzekurapa dziri nani nhasi uno kupfuura dzazvaive panguva iyo denda reAIDS rakapararira zvakanyanya. Kana ukaonekwa uine chirwere ichi nekukurumidza, woshandisa ART, woramba uchichitora, une mukana wekurarama hupenyu hurefu. Nhasi uno, vanhu vanorarama neHIV vanogona kushanda, kurarama hupenyu hunofadza, kurera mhuri, uye kuva nehukama hunogutsa. Kutaura zvazviri, zvinhu izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakanaka pahutano hwepfungwa dzako.

Zvisinei nekuti tasvika papi panyaya yekurapwa, zvinosuwisa kuti rusarura rwakabatana neHIV ruchiripo. Pamusoro pekutya uye kusava nechokwadi kunouya nekuongororwa kutsva, unogona zvakare kunetseka kuti vanhu vakakupoteredza vachaita sei. Kana uchizeza kuongororwa kana kurapwa, kana kana usina chokwadi nezvematanho aunotevera, taura nesangano remunharaunda rinonyanya kugadzirisa HIV. Yeuka, une kodzero yekutsigira, kunzwira tsitsi, uye kutarisirwa kwehutano hwepamusoro.

HIV , AIDS, masoja emuviri, retrovirus, masero eCD4, kurapwa kweART, hutano hwepabonde