Ngatingodzidzai nezve bvunzo ye immunophenotyping inobatsira kuona masero ekenza.

Ungave usina kumbonzwa nezveshoko rekuti `(Immunophenotyping)` kare. Asi iyi bvunzo yakakosha zvikuru, kunyanya pakuongorora zvimwe zvirwere, semuenzaniso, leukemia, lymphoma, nedzimwe kenza. Saka, nhasi tichataura nezvebvunzo iyi nenzira iri nyore, kuitira kuti uinzwisise zvakanaka.

Chii chinonzi Immunophenotyping? Ngatizvinzwisise zviri nyore.

Zvakanaka, ngationei zvinorehwa neshoko iri rekuti `(Immunophenotyping)`. Kunyangwe izvi zvichinzwika seshoko resainzi, nyaya yacho iri nyore kwazvo.

Izwi rekuti 'Immuno' rinoreva chimwe chinhu chine chekuita nemasoja edu ekudzivirira muviri . Mubvunzo uyu, nyanzvi yezvirwere (chiremba ane hunyanzvi mukuongorora nekurapa zvirwere) anoshandisa imwe mhando yeprotein inonzi 'antibodies' kubva mumasoja edu ekudzivirira muviri kuti atsvage mapuroteni chaiwo anonzi 'antigens' mumasero edu. Funga nezve 'antibodies' idzi sekiyi, uye 'antigens' sekiyi. Kufanana nekiyi inokodzera kiyi yega yega, 'antibody' chaiyo inongobatanidzwa kune 'antigen' chaiyo. Nemamwe mashoko, kune mhando yekubatana pakati pezviviri izvi.

Izwi rekuti 'phenotype' rinoreva hunhu hunoonekwa kunze . Saka, kana '(antibody)` iyoyo yakabatana ne '(antigen)' yakakodzera, nyanzvi yezvirwere inoziva kana sero iroro rine '(antigen)' iyoyo kana kuti kwete zvichibva pazviratidzo zvarinoratidza.

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, bvunzo iyi ye`(Immunophenotyping)` inotarisa zviratidzo zve`(antigens)` zviri pamusoro pemasero edu uye inoona kana masero iwayo ari akanaka kana kuti masero ekenza. Zvakare, aya`(antigens)` anogona kuziva kuti rudzii rwemasero ekenza.

Bvunzo iyi (yeImmunophenotyping) inoitwa riini?

Pane mamiriro akati wandei apo chiremba wako angakurudzira bvunzo iyi.

Fungidzira kuti shamwari yako, ngatitii Nimal, yave ichinzwa kuneta uye kuneta kwemazuva mashoma. Chiremba paakaita bvunzo yeropa (a ``Complete Blood Count'', kana ``CBC''), akawana kuti nhamba yemasero machena eropa rake yakanga yakakwira zvisingawanzoitiki. Ipapo chiremba angafungidzira kuti iyi ingave kenza yeropa. Ndipo paanokurudzira kuita bvunzo iyi ye ''Immunophenotyping'' kuti azive zvakawanda nezvezviri kuitika.

Izvi zvinoreva:

• Kana mhedzisiro yekuverengwa kweropa kwakazara (`(CBC)`) ichiratidza kuti huwandu hwemasero machena eropa rako hwakakwira zvisingawanzoitiki.
• Kana paine fungidziro yekuti pane mhando dzegomarara reropa, semuenzaniso leukemia kana lymphoma, izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuti pave pedyo nechirwere ichi.

Pamusoro pezvo, vaongorori vari kushandisawo nzira iyi ye "Immunophenotyping" kudzidza kuti masero egomarara anopindura sei kune zviratidzo zve "antigen", kunyanya "immunotherapy".

Bvunzo iyi inoshanda sei?

Bvunzo iyi ye `(Immunophenotyping)` inoitwa murabhoritari, mushure mekunge watora tissue kana fluid sample kubva kwauri. Kutaura chokwadi, chaunofanira kuita chete kupa sampuro, uye nyanzvi dziri murabhoritari dzinoita zvimwe zvese.

Vanachiremba vazhinji vanoshandisa nzira yekurabhoritari inonzi ``Flow Cytometry'' kuita bvunzo iyi. Pamusoro pezvo, dzimwe nguva nzira inonzi ``Immunohistochemistry - IHC'' inoshandiswawo. Ngatitarisei zvese izvi.

Kune nzira mbiri huru...

(Flow Cytometry) nzira (nzira inonyanya kushandiswa)

Uchishandisa nzira iyi, unogona kuongorora ropa guru kana masero eropa anotorwa kubva munyama. Heino mashandiro azvinoita:

• Kutora sampuro: Izvi zvinowanzo sanganisira kutora sampuro yemongo wemapfupa kubva mu biopsy yemongo wemapfupa, kana ropa diki. Dzimwe nguva, sampuro inogona kutorwa kubva mumvura yemusana kana mvura iri mudumbu.
• Kuchengetedza muenzaniso: Vashandi vemurabhoritari vanogadzirira muenzaniso wekuyedzwa kwe "Immunophenotyping". Vanowedzera zvimwe zvinhu pairi kuti masero asafe.
• Kuwedzera (Antibody): Tevere, vanowedzera ``antibodies`` dzavakagadzira kuti dzibatane ne``antigen`` yavanoda kuwana. ``antibodies`` idzi dzakabatana ne``fluorescent compound`` kana ``immunofluorescence marker``. Nekuda kwechiratidzo ichi, kana ``antibody`` yakabatana ne``antigen``, masero anoburitsa chiedza.
• Kuita (Flow Cytometry): Iye zvino sampuro yakagadzirwa neaya `(antibodies)` inoiswa mumuchina unonzi `(Flow Cytometer)`. Muchina uyu une masensa akakosha (`detectors`), anogona kuona chiedza chinobva ku`(immunofluorescence marker)` iyoyo. Saka, iyi `(Flow Cytometer)` inoyera kuti masero mangani aripo akasunga `(antigen-antibody)` (kureva kuti anoburitsa chiedza).

Nzira (yeImmunohistochemistry - IHC)

Immunohistochemistry inzira inogona kuona kuvapo kwemaantigen chaiwo musampuli yenyama. Matanho anobatanidzwa murabhoritari akafanana zvikuru neaya ari mu flow cytometry. Musiyano mukuru ndewekuti muIHC, enzyme inowedzerwa kuma antibodies pachinzvimbo che fluorescent compound. Iyi enzyme inosvibisa masero neruvara rwakananga kana antigen iripo. Kana chiremba wezvirwere akaona vara pasi pe microscope, zvinoreva kuti masero ane antigen.

Ndezvipi zvipingamupinyi zvebvunzo iyi (Immunophenotyping)?

Dambudziko guru nderekuti havasi vese vanoita bvunzo iyi vane " maitiro akajairwa" akafanana. Saka, dzimwe nguva panogona kuva nekusiyana kudiki mumhedzisiro.

Asi chinhu chimwe chete chaunofanira kuyeukaVanachiremba havaoni chirwere zvichibva pane izvi chete. Vanochienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda, zvakaita sezviratidzo zvako uye mhedzisiro yemimwe miedzo, kuti vasvike pamhedziso. Izvi zvinoreva kuti bvunzo iyi yega haikuudzi kuti une kenza. Inongova imwe yemifananidzo mikuru, ingori imwe chete inogona kukubatsira kudzidza zvakawanda nezvehutano hwako.

Zvakaita sei? Zvinotiudza kuti chii?

Chiremba wako achakutsanangurira zvinorehwa nemhedzisiro yako zvichibva pakuongorora kwakaitwa nenyanzvi yezvirwere. Mhedzisiro yebvunzo ye "Immunophenotyping" haisi "yakanaka" chete kana "yakaipa". Zvinoda nyanzvi yezvirwere kuti inzwisise "data" rinogadzirwa ne "Flow Cytometer" nezvemuenzaniso uye kuti ikuudze chaizvo zvarinoreva.

Kubva padata iri, anoongorora zvinhu zvakaita se:

• Nderupi rudzi rwemasero machena eropa?
• Vari padanho ripi rekukura?
• Mangani masero ane antigen yauri kutsvaga?

Nyanzvi yezvirwere inoenzanisa data kubva mumuenzaniso wako nedata kubva kuvanhu vane hutano vasina kenza, pamwe nedata kubva kuvanhu vane rudzi rwakati rweleukemia kana lymphoma. Achishandisa maitiro aya pamwe nemhedzisiro yemimwe miedzo, iye ndiye anoona kuti une mukana wakadii wekuva nekenza iri kutaurwa nezvayo.

Ndinofanira kufonera chiremba wangu rini?

Kana muine mibvunzo kana zvinokunetsai nezvemhedzisiro yenyu kana zvazvinoreva, iva nechokwadi chekufonera chiremba wenyu . Immunophenotyping bvunzo yakaoma yemurabhoritari inotarisa hunhu hwemasero. Asi chiremba wenyu anogona kutsanangura kuti zvinokanganisa sei hutano hwenyu nemashoko akareruka.

Pamwe hauna kunzwa kurwadziwa, uye wakashamisika kuona kuti masero machena eropa rako akanga akakwira pakuongorora ropa nguva dzose ("CBC"). Kana kuti pamwe wave uchinzwa kusanzwa zvakanaka kwenguva yakati. Zvisinei, mhinduro idzodzo dze"CBC" ingori danho rekutanga pakuziva zviri kuitika, saka uchafanira kuva nemoyo murefu.

Masero ako ane ruzivo rwakawanda rwakakosha nezvehutano hwako. Immunophenotyping bvunzo inotarisa masero ako uye inokuudza nezvehutano hwako. Panguva dzakadai, kumirira mhinduro kunogona kutyisa uye kukonzera kuzvidya mwoyo. Kana uchida rutsigiro rwepfungwa, taura nachiremba wako nezvazvo. Zvakare, kana uine mibvunzo nezvemhedzisiro yebvunzo, usazeza kubvunza.

Zvinhu zvakakosha zvatinofanira kudzidza kubva pane izvi

Zvakanaka, ngatipfupisei zvinhu zvakakosha zvekurangarira nezvebvunzo iyi ye '(Immunophenotyping)' yatataura nezvayo nhasi.

• Iyi bvunzo yakakosha yemurabhoritari. Inonyanya kubatsira pakuongorora kenza dzakadai seleukemia nelymphoma.
• Izvi zvinoitwa nekuona mapuroteni akakosha anonzi ``antigens'' pamusoro pemasero edu.
• Nzira mbiri dzinonyanya kushandiswa ndidzo dzinoti ``Flow cytometry'' uye ``Immunohistochemistry - IHC''.
• Mhedzisiro yacho yakaoma zvishoma, saka nyanzvi yezvirwere inoiongorora.
• Ramba uchifunga izvi: Hapana anogona kukuudza kuti une kenza nekungotarisa zvabuda muongororo iyi. Inongova chikamu chimwe chete chekuongorora chirwere chako.
• Kana muine mibvunzo nezvemhedzisiro, musatya kubvunza chiremba wenyu. Varipo kuti vakubatsirei.

Kuongororwa kweropa, kenza, leukemia, lymphoma, kuongororwa kweropa, masero , maantigen