Vazhinji vedu takamboona mumwe munhu ari muchikamu chevarwere vane intensive care (ICU) muchipatara, akabatana nemichina yakasiyana-siyana, achifema nemachubhu, uye achidya kuburikidza nemamwe machubhu. Patinoona zvinhu izvi, tinonzwa kutya uye kunetseka. Tinowanzo taura nezvemamiriro ezvinhu aya seari pa 'life support'. Patinonzwa izwi iri, tinobva tafunga nezvechirwere chakakomba, chakaoma. Ichokwadi. Asi chii chaizvo chinonzi 'life support' ichi? Chii chinoitika nacho? Sei chichishandiswa? Nhasi, ngatitaurei zviri nyore uye zvine hushamwari nezvenyaya iyi inonetsa iyo vanhu vazhinji vane mibvunzo nezvayo.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi rutsigiro rwehupenyu?
Funga nezvemuviri wedu semuchina wakaoma une zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshanda pamwe chete. Mapapu edu anofema, mwoyo wedu unopomba ropa, uye itsvo dzedu dzinorichenesa. Asi chii chinoitika kana imwe kana kupfuura yenhengo idzi ikarega kushanda zvakanaka, senge nekuda kwechirwere chakakomba kana tsaona? Sisitimu yese yemuviri inogona kuparara.
Kutsigira hupenyu kushandisa mudziyo wekunze, muchina, kana nzira yekurapa kuchengetedza kushanda kwemuviri kwamira kushanda. Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, inzira 'yekubatsira' muviri kuita chimwe chinhu chausingakwanise kuita wega. Izvi zvakafanana nekupa mota 'kusvetuka-svetuka' kubva kune rimwe bhatiri kana bhatiri rafa. Izvi zvinobatsira muviri kuti upore uye upore.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti rutsigiro rwehupenyu harusi 'mushonga' unorapa chirwere. I'system inotsigira' inochengetedza mashandiro emuviri.
Izvi zvinowanzova zvenguva pfupi. Semuenzaniso, kana mapapu asingakwanise kufema zvakanaka nekuda kwepneumonia yakanyanya, mudziyo wekufema unogona kushandiswa kwemazuva mashoma. Munguva iyi, mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya ichapihwa kubatsira mapapu kupora uye mapapu achatanga kushanda ega zvakare. Muchina wekufema uchabva wabviswa.
Asi dzimwe nguva, muviri ungasakwanisa kushanda wega zvakare. Zvadaro unofanira kuvimba nerutsigiro rwehupenyu kwenguva yakareba. Kusarudza nezvenyaya iyi ndicho chinhu chinonyanya kuoma uye chinonetsa.
Rubatsiro rwehupenyu runotangwa uye runomiswa riini?
Uyu mubvunzo unobvunzwa nevanhu vazhinji. Sarudzo idzi dzinoitwa sei? Ndiani ane simba rekuzvitora?
Kutanga rutsigiro rwehupenyu
Vanachiremba vanotanga kurapwa kwekutsigira hupenyu chete kana vakaona kuti kwakakosha mumuviri wemurwere. Kureva kuti, kana hupenyu hwemurwere hukakuvara kana rutsigiro irworwo rukasapihwa panguva iyoyo.
Zvisinei, rubatsiro rwehupenyu haruzotangwa muzviitiko zvakaita seizvi:
- Kana murwere akaramba:Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vaine gwaro rekuti vanoudzwa pachine nguva kuti havazowani mamwe marapirwo kana vakafenda. Kunyangwe izvi zvisiri zvakajairika munyika medu, vanachiremba vanoremekedza kana murwere akataura izvozvo achiri kufenda.
- Kana mhuri ikaramba ichimiririra murwere: Kana murwere ari mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma zvekuti haakwanise kusarudza, hama dzake dzepedyo dzinogona kusarudza izvozvo.
- Kana pasina rubatsiro rwekurapa: Dzimwe nguva, kana murwere achirwara zvisingarapiki, kupa rutsigiro rwehupenyu kunogona kungowedzera nguva yekufa kwemazuva mashoma. Kana zvikawedzera kurwadziwa nekutambura kwemurwere, uye pasina tariro yekupora, vanachiremba nemhuri vanogona kusarudza kusarapa murwere.
Kumisa rutsigiro rwehupenyu
Ichi ndicho chisarudzo chakaoma uye chinonetsa munhu wese. Munhu anogona kugara ari pamubhedha wekutsigira hupenyu kwemavhiki, kunyange mwedzi. Vanachiremba vanogara vachitarisa mamiriro emurwere uye vachitsanangurira mhuri kana paine tariro yekupora.
Dzimwe nguva muviri ungasapora zvizere, asi kana paine mukana wekuti uchadzokera padanho rekuti ungararama hupenyu hune chinangwa (semuenzaniso, kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika paunenge uri padialysis), vanachiremba vanokurudzira kuti urambe uchirapwa.
Zvisinei, kana uropi hwakakuvara zvakanyanya uye pasina mukana wekuti pfungwa dzidzoke patsva (rufu rweuropi), vanachiremba vanogona kukurudzira kuti hapana chikonzero chekuramba uchichengetedza muviri uri mupenyu nemichina.
Kusarudza kurega kurapwa panguva yakaita seiyi inyaya yemunhu oga. Pamutemo uye mutsika, hazvina kuipa kurega kurapwa kusingabatsire murwere uye kunowedzera kutambura kwake.
Yeuka izvi: Kana rubatsiro rwemuviri rukabviswa, hakusi kurega kurapwa kunokonzera rufu. Chirwere chemurwere chisingarapiki ndicho chinokonzera rufu. Kubvisa rutsigiro kunongobvumira kuti chii chinofanira kuitika zvega.
Ndedzipi mhando huru dzezvitsigiro zvehupenyu?
Patinofunga nezve 'chinotsigira hupenyu', tinowanzo funga nezvemuchina unotibatsira kufema, asi wakakura kupfuura izvozvo. Chero chipi zvacho chinobatsira maitiro mumuviri kubva kunze chinogona kuva chinotsigira hupenyu. Ngatitarisei mamwe emhando huru.
| Nzira yekutsigira | Zvakatsanangurwa zviri nyore |
|---|---|
| Kufema kwemuchina | Iyi ndiyo yatinodaidza kuti ventilator. Kana mapapu asiri kushanda zvakanaka, muchina uyu unopomba mweya uchipinda nekubuda mumapapu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuisa chubhu nemuromo kana mumhino mupaipi yemhepo (intubation). Inoshandiswa kwenguva pfupi mushure mekuvhiyiwa kukuru kana kana paine hutachiona hwakakomba mumapapu. |
| ECMO (Kugadzira Okisijeni muExtracorporeal Membrane) | Iyi inzira yepamusoro kupfuura yekufema. Inosanganisira kubvisa ropa remurwere mumuviri, kushandisa muchina wekuwedzera okisijeni mairi, kubvisa kabhoni dhayokisaidhi, uye kuripomba zvakare mumuviri. Inoshandiswa muzviitiko zvakakomba apo mapapu nemoyo zvinenge zvakundikana. |
| Kudzorerwa kweMwoyo neMapapu (CPR) | CPR inzira yekuedza kutangazve moyo wemunhu nekufema kana amira. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzvanywa kwechipfuva, defibrillation, uye mishonga. Kana mwoyo ukangoerekana wamira kana kunyura, kupa CPR nekukurumidza kunogona kuponesa hupenyu. |
| Kudya Kwekugadzira uye Kunyorovesa Mvura | Kudyisa varwere vasingakwanise kudya kana kunwa nemuromo kuburikidza nechubhu. Chubhu iyi inogona kupihwa nemhino ichipinda mudumbu (chubhu yekudya) kana dzimwe nguva zvakananga mutsinga (TPN - Total Parenteral Nutrition). Izvi zvakakosha kuti muviri urambe uchirarama kusvika wapora. |
| Kuongororwa kweitsvo | Kana itsvo dzikatadza kushanda, hadzikwanisi kubvisa chepfu nemvura yakawandisa mumuviri. Muchina we dialysis unobvisa ropa, worichenesa, woridzosera mumuviri. Unoshanda sechinotsiva itsvo. Haurapi chirwere cheitsvo, asi unobatsira kuchengetedza hupenyu. |
Chii chinonzi BLS neALS?
Pamwe wakambonzwa mazwi maviri aya. Ane chekuitawo nekutsigira hupenyu.
Rutsigiro Rwekutanga Rwehupenyu (BLS)
Idzi inzira dzekutanga dzekuponesa hupenyu idzo munhu wese anogona kudzidziswa kuita kana paine dambudziko. Semuenzaniso:
- Kuita CPR kana mumwe munhu abatwa nechirwere chemwoyo obva adonha asina chaanoziva.
- Kubatsira munhu ane chimwe chinhu chakamubata pahuro.
Munhu wese anogona kudzidziswa zvinhu izvi. Pane dzimwe nguva apo ruzivo urwu runogona kuponesa hupenyu.
Rutsigiro Rwehupenyu Hwakanyanya (ALS)
Iri idanho rakakwirira kubva kuBLS. Rinoitwa chete nenyanzvi dzehutano dzakadzidziswa zvakanyanya, dzakadai sevanachiremba nevakoti. Pamusoro pezvinhu zvakaita seCPR,
- Kuisa machubhu ekufema (intube) kubatsira pakufema
- Kupa mishonga yakakosha yekudzorera mashandiro emoyo
- Kurapa nekutarisa kurova kwemoyo
Zvinhu zvakaoma seizvi zvinoitwa. Nzira iyi yekurapa vacheche nevana vadiki inonzi Pediatric Advanced Life Support (PALS) .
Mukupedzisa, hapana chikonzero chekutya rutsigiro rwehupenyu. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi yezvekurapa, chinhu chinobatsira kuponesa hupenyu hwakawanda. Zvakare, dzimwe nguva zvinogona kungowedzera nguva yekufa. Chinhu chakakosha kutaura pachena nachiremba wako nezvemamiriro ako kana emudiwa wako, marapirwo ari kupihwa, uye zvakanakira nezvakaipira. Sarudzo yega yega inofanira kuitwa nekunzwisisa kwakazara uye nemvumo yemhuri.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Rutsigiro rwehupenyu harusi mushonga wechirwere, asi sisitimu yerutsigiro inobatsira kwenguva pfupi maitiro asina kunaka mumuviri.
- Izvi zvinopa muviri nguva yaunoda kuti upore, uye dzimwe nguva zvinogona kubatsira kuponesa hupenyu.
- Zvisinei, kana pasina tariro yekupora, zvinogona kuwedzera nguva yekufa zvisingadiwi.
- Sarudzo dzekutanga, kuramba, kana kumisa rutsigiro rwehupenyu dzinonyanya kutaurwa nemunhu uye dzinonetsa.
- Usati waita chero chisarudzo chine chekuita nechirwere chako kana chemunhu waunoda, taura nachiremba wako zvakakwana uye uwane kunzwisisa kwakazara zvakanakira, zvakaipa, uye sarudzo.
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