Utachiona uhwu huri kukonzera matambudziko kumapapu ako here? Ngatidzidzei chaizvo nezve (MAC Lung Disease)!

Dzimwe nguva unonzwa kuneta pasina chikonzero here, kana kuti une chikosoro chinogara kwenguva refu? Kunyangwe tisinganyanyi kukoshesa zvinhu zvidiki zvakadaro muhupenyu hwedu hwezuva nezuva, panogona kunge paine zvikonzero zviri shure kwazvo zvatinofanira kunetseka nazvo. Nhasi tichataura nezvechirwere chinokonzerwa neboka remabhakitiriya anogona kukanganisa mapapu edu. Ichi chinonzi MAC Lung Disease .

Chii chinonzi chirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chirwere chemapapu chinokonzerwa neboka remabhakitiriya anonzi Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) . Mabhakitiriya aya anogara akatikomberedza, muguruva, muvhu, nemumvura. Kunyangwe mabhakitiriya aya achipinda mumuviri patinofema kana kumedza chimwe chinhu, vanhu vazhinji havarware. Zvisinei, kune vamwe vanhu, kunyanya avo vane hutera hwakati mumapapu avo kana avo vane dziviriro shoma yemuviri, kana bhakitiriya iyi yeMAC ikapinda munzira yekufema, hutachiona hwakakomba hunogona kukura. Utachiona uhwu hunokonzera kuoma kufema. Kana hukaonekwa kunonoka, hunogonawo kuoma kurapa. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti chirwere ichi chemapapu cheMAC hachisi chirwere chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu.

Mabhakitiriya eMAC akaita sei?

Mabhakitiriya eMAC inhengo dzemhuri huru yemabhakitiriya anonzi Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) . Kune mhando dzeNTM dzinosvika mazana maviri. Mabhakitiriya eMAC ndiwo anokonzera 80% yezvirwere zveNTM mumapapu munyika dzakadai seUnited States.

Funga nezvazvo, chirwere ichi cheNTM hachina kufanana neTB yatinoziva tese. Tuberculosis chirwere chinopararira kubva kumunhu kuenda kune mumwe uye chinogona kukurumidza kukura. Mabhakitiriya anokonzera chirwere ichi akasiyanawo, anonzi `(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)`.

Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhakitiriya e mycobacteria muboka reMAC, asi kurapwa nekurapwa kwechirwere ichi kwakafanana zvikuru.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chakajairika zvakadii?

Kune vanhu vanopfuura 86,000 vane hutachiona hweNTM muUnited States chete. Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC ndicho chinonyanya kuwanda, chichiita 80% yehutachiona hweNTM. Huwandu hwevarwere vemapapu eNTM hwave huchiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma mumakore makumi maviri apfuura , uye nyanzvi dzinoti maitiro aya acharamba aripo.

Ndeapi marudzi ehutachiona hweMAC aripo?

Utachiona hweMAC hunogona kukamurwa kuita mhando huru dzakasiyana:

• Utachiona hweMAC hwemapapu: Idzi ndidzo dzinokanganisa zvakananga mapapu edu nehurongwa hwekufema.
• Utachiona hweMAC hunoparadzirwa: Utachiona hunopararira mumuviri wese kuburikidza neropa. Hunowanzoonekwa muvanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba zvakanyanya nekuda kwezvirwere zvakaita seAIDS .
• Lymphadenitis inobatanidzwa neMAC:Izvi zvinonyanya kukanganisa vana vane hutano hwakanaka. Ma lymph nodes munzvimbo dzakadai semutsipa anozvimba.

Kune mhando mbiri huru dzechirwere chemapapu cheMAC...

Kune marudzi maviri makuru echirwere chemapapu cheMAC chatinoona:

1. Nodular bronchiectasis: Apa ndipo panoitika hutachiona mumigero midiki yemhepo uye mumapapu, uye hunoonekwa semapundu madiki paX-ray yechipfuva. Mapundu aya anogona kukura zvakanyanya. Utachiona uhwu hwenguva refu hunokonzera chirwere chinonzi bronchiectasis . Izvi zvinoreva kuti migero yemhepo inokura zvisingadzoreki, sechubhu yerabha iri kukura uye kutambanudza. Izvi zvinoita kuti zviome kurapa hutachiona uye zvinowedzera njodzi yehutachiona hutsva. Rudzi urwu runonyanya kuwanikwa mumadzimai akura, akaonda, uye asingasvuti. Kana rukasarapwa, runogona kutungamira kuzvirwere zvakaita sebronchitis nepneumonia.

2. Chirwere cheFibrocavitary: Ichi ndicho chirwere chemapapu chakanyanya kuipa. Chinofanira kurapwa nekukurumidza. Kana hutachiona hwacho hukakonzera maburi (maburi) munyama yemapapu, hutachiona hwacho hwakadzika zvikuru uye hunogona kuoma kurapa. Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika kune vanoputa fodya kana vanhu vane zvirwere zvakaita se emphysema.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinokura sei?

Tatotaura nezvekuti mabhakitiriya eMAC anowanikwa sei muvhu nemumvura. Patinochera ivhu tokurunga guruva, mabhakitiriya aya anogona kuburitswa mumhepo opinda mumiviri yedu patinofema. Vanhu vanoshanda muminda uye vanowanzo sangana nevhu vanogona kusangana nemabhakitiriya eMAC kupfuura vamwe. Zvakare, mabhakitiriya aya ari mumvura, uye anogona kuwanikwa mumvura yatinoshandisa kumba. Kuisa chlorine, mishonga inouraya utachiona, uye dzimwe nguva kutodziisa mvura hazviuraye mabhakitiriya aya. Izvi zvinganzwika sekutyisa zvishoma, asi vanhu vazhinji havakuvadzwi nemabhakitiriya aya. Tose tinosangana nemabhakitiriya eNTM anenge mazuva ese, asi vanhu vazhinji havabatanidzwi nehutachiona.

Zvisinei, muvanhu vashoma vane zvimwe zvinhu zvinokonzera njodzi, mabhakitiriya aya anogona kufamba achienda kumapapu okura zvishoma nezvishoma, dzimwe nguva kwemakore. Utachiona hweMAC mumapapu hunokonzera kuzvimba kushoma uye shanduko dzisingachinjiki munzira dzekufema, kusvika chirwere ichi chaonekwa uye charapwa.

Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekubatwa nechirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kukura pazera ripi zvaro uye mumurume kana mukadzi, asi vanhu vanopfuura makore makumi matanhatu nemashanu ekuberekwa nevakadzi vakambosvika panguva yekuguma kwemwedzi vari panjodzi huru.

Uyezve, une mukana wekuwana chirwere chemapapu cheMAC kana:

• Kana uri munhu anoputa fodya.
• Kana masoja emuviri wako asina simba.
• Kana uine chirwere chemapapu chakadai:
• (Kurwara kwebronchiectasis)(uye mamiriro ezvinhu anotungamira kubronchiectasis)
• (Chirwere chemapapu chinovhara mapapu kwenguva refu - COPD )
• (Cystic fibrosis)
• (Emphysema)
• Kana wakamborwara neTB kare.

Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvechirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Zviratidzo zvechirwere chemapapu cheMAC zvakasiyana-siyana, uye nekuti hazvina kunyanya kutaurwa, kuongororwa kwechirwere kunogona kunonoka. Vamwe vanhu vanogona kunge vaine zviratidzo zvishoma kana zvisingaonekwe. Dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvinogona kunge zvisina chekuita nekufema. Kana zviratidzo zvikaitika, unogona kusangana ne:

• Kukosora kwenguva refu (kune kana kusina manyoka). Fungidzira mumwe munhu akaita saNilanthi, ave achikosora kwemwedzi yakawanda, uye manyoka acho ari kubuda zvishoma nezvishoma, asi anofunga kuti idzihwa rinowanzoitika.
• Kukosora ropa (Hemoptysis) .
• Kuneta .
• Fivha yakaderera (kazhinji iri pakati pe37.5 ne37.9 degrees Celsius - 99.6 F kusvika 100.3 F).
• Kudikitira husiku.
• Kushaya mweya .
• Kudzikira kwehuremu uye kushaya chishuwo chekudya kusingatsananguriki.
• Kurwadziwa kwechipfuva.
• Kuzvidya mwoyo.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinoonekwa sei ?

Chiremba wako achatanga akuongorora uye obvunza nezvezviratidzo zvako.

Miedzo inoshandiswa kuongorora chirwere chemapapu cheMAC inosanganisira:

• MaX-ray epachipfuva uye kunyanya maCT scan. Izvi zvinogona kuona shanduko mumapapu dzinokonzerwa nehutachiona.
• Kukura kwemapundu. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutora sampuro yepundu kubva mumapapu ako woiedza kuti uone kana ichikura mabhakitiriya eMAC. Sezvo tese tichisangana nemabhakitiriya eMAC zuva rega rega, bvunzo iyi inogona kuitwa kakawanda mumazuva mashoma kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti mabhakitiriya acho ari kubva mumapapu ako.
• Bronchoscopy. Izvi zvakafanana necolonoscopy, asi zvinoitwa pamapapu (zvichishandisa chimwe chinhu chidiki chakasiyana). Zvinoitwa kana kuongororwa kwechirwere kusingakwanise kuitwa nekuongororwa kwemapumu.

Ndeipi mishonga yekurapa chirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Nekuti chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chakanyanya kuoma kurapa, uchafanirwa kuona nyanzvi yezvirwere zvinotapukira kana nyanzvi yemapapu. Vanachiremba ava vese vane ruzivo rwakasiyana mukuongorora nekurapa hutachiona.

Kurapwa kwechirwere chemapapu cheMAC kunosiyana zvichienderana nekuoma kwezviratidzo. Zvinogona kusanganisira:

• Kumirira kwakasimba:Avo vane zviratidzo zvishoma uye vasina shanduko huru mumapapu avo pavanoongororwa vangasada kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pakutanga. Zvisinei, vanofanira kuona chiremba wavo nguva dzose uye kuongororwa kufema uye sputum.
• Kubvisa mweya: Iri iboka remishonga inobatsira mapapu kubvisa madzihwa (nemabhakitiriya ari maari) kubva mumhepo ine chirwere. Inowanzo shandiswa pakurapa bronchiectasis. Inosanganisira nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekufema dzinopihwa kuburikidza nebulizer , pamwe nekushandisa mimwe michina inobatsira kubvisa madzihwa kubva muzvikamu zvepasi zvemapapu.
• Mishonga: Kana kuchenesa nzira dzekufema kusina kukwana, chiremba wako anogona kukupa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya . Sarudzo yekutanga kurapwa inoenderana nezvinhu zvakawanda uye hurukuro nachiremba wako. Dzimwe nguva mabhakitiriya anogona kuramba mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya , zvichireva kuti haagone kuurayiwa nemishonga iyi. Kuti uderedze njodzi iyi uye uuraye mabhakitiriya zvachose, ungangoda kutora mhando nhatu dzakasiyana dzemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukati memwedzi gumi nemiviri kusvika gumi nemisere. Kune vanhu vasingapindure mimwe mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya mukati memwedzi mitanhatu, US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) ichangobva kubvumidza mushonga unorwisa mabhakitiriya unofemwa.
• Kuvhiyiwa: Kashoma, kana mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya isingabatsire, kuvhiyiwa kungangodiwa kubvisa chikamu chemapapu chine utachiona. Mushure mekuvhiyiwa, uchafanira kutora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva pfupi kuti uuraye mabhakitiriya asara.

Tinorarama sei nechirwere chemapapu cheMAC? (Kutarisira)

Zvinhu izvi zvinogona kubatsira kuderedza zviratidzo zvechirwere chemapapu cheMAC:

• Tsvaga nzira dzekubvisa madzihwa mumapapu ako. Izvi zvinosanganisira kuita maekisesaizi ane mwero kweinenge maminetsi zana nemakumi mashanu pasvondo (kunyanya kana uchikodzera kurapwa kwemapapu ), kudzidza nezvenzira dzekufema nechipfuva kubva kuna chiremba wekufema, kukosora kwakaringana, kubuda kwemvura mumapapu (maitiro anobatsira kubvisa madzihwa mumapapu), uye kuridza chipfuva kuti mvura ibude zvakanaka.
• Tsvaga rubatsiro rwekurega kusvuta , uye dzivisa kusvuta fodya yaunosvuta nezvimwe zvinhu zvinokuvadza mapapu ako.
• Baiwa majekiseni. Zvidzivirire kubva kune zvimwe zvirwere zvekufema zvakaita sefuruu, pneumonia, uye COVID-19.
• Ramba uine huremu hwakanaka kuburikidza nekudya zvinovaka muviri. Nzvimbo zhinji dzine nyanzvi dzezvekudya dzinogona kubatsira nekushomeka kwezvekudya zvinokonzerwa nehutachiona hunopora zvishoma nezvishoma seMAC.

Ndezvipi zvinetso zvinogona kuitika nekuda kwechirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva yakarebaNjodzi yekusagona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inogona kuwedzera. Uyewo, migumisiro yemishonga, yakadai sekusvotwa, manyoka, uye kurwadziwa mudumbu, inogona kuitika. Sezvo mushonga wega wega une migumisiro yawo, zvakakosha kutaura nachiremba wako nezvazvo.

Vanhu vakuru vari panjodzi yekubatwa nehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya hunonzi Clostridium difficile (C. diff) kana vakatora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwenguva yakareba. Izvi zvinoitika nekuti mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inouraya mabhakitiriya akanaka ari mudumbu anobatsira mukugaya. Utachiona hweC. diff hunokanganisa kugaya uye hunokonzera manyoka asingaperi. Izvi zvinogona kuisa hupenyu panjodzi.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chakakomba chinogona kukudzivisa kuita zvinhu zvawaimbofarira. Nekuda kweizvozvo, unogona kunzwa kuora mwoyo kana kuzvidya mwoyo.

Ndingaderedza sei njodzi yekubatwa nechirwere chemapapu cheMAC?

Matanho aya anogona kuderedza njodzi yako yekubatwa nehutachiona hweMAC:

• Kana chiremba wako achifunga kuti hutachiona hweMAC hunobva kumahot tubs kana sauna, dzivisa nzvimbo dzinopisa, dzine utsi, uye dzinotenderera mvura kakawanda.
• Batidza masisitimu ekufema mumba yekugezera nekicheni kuti ubvise utsi.
• Isa chitofu chemvura inopisa mumba mako kusvika pa54.4 degrees Celsius (130 Fahrenheit).
• Pfeka chifukidziro cheguruva kana uchishanda mubindu kana kurima.
• Usati watanga nevhu rekushongedza, sasa mvura pamusoro paro kuti guruva risapfuure.
• Tevedzera nzira yekubvisa mweya yakawandisa.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kurapwa zvizere here?

Kana bvunzo dzemaputemu dzikaramba dzisina hutachiona kwemwedzi gumi nemiviri, vanachiremba vanofunga kuti chirwere chemapapu cheMAC charapwa. Zvisinei, hutachiona hunogona kudzoka. Izvi zvinogona kukonzerwa nekusangana nehutachiona hutsva kana mabhakitiriya akasara mumapapu, kunyanya kana uchine chirwere chakakonzera MAC pakutanga (senge kushaya simba kwemapapu).

Chiremba wako achakutarisa kuti chirwere ichi chidzokezve here. Kukuvadzwa kwemapapu ako nekuda kwechirwere chemapapu cheMAC hakugone kuchinjwa. Ungangove uchine dambudziko rekufema mushure mekurapwa. Saka, zvakakosha kuva nezvinangwa zvakajeka uye zvaunotarisira usati watanga kurapwa.

Zvinhu zvekubvunza chiremba wako...

Ungangoda kubvunza chiremba wako nezvezvinhu zvakaita se:

• Ndakawana sei chirwere chemapapu cheMAC?
• Nderudzii rwechirwere chemapapu cheMAC chandinacho?
• Ndinoda kurapwa here?
• Ndedzipi nzira dzekurapa dzandinadzo?
• Kuvhiyiwa kwakakodzera here kwandiri? Ndedzipi njodzi dzekuvhiyiwa?
• Pane zvandingaita kumba here kuti ndikwanise kufema zviri nyore?
• Ndingadzivirira sei hutachiona hweMAC mumapapu mune ramangwana?

Izvi zvinotapurirana here kubva kumunhu kuenda kumunhu?

Kunyangwe usingakwanise kubata MAC kubva kune mumwe munhu, dzimwe nguva chirwere ichi chinokanganisa vanhu vakawanda vemumhuri imwe chete. Nyanzvi dzinotenda kuti vamwe vanhu vane majini akasiyana-siyana anoita kuti vabatwe nehutachiona hweMAC.

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kuuraya here?

Mune vamwe vanhu, chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kukonzera kutadza kufema uye kunyange rufu. Asi izvi zvinowanzoitika kwenguva yakareba. Munhu mumwe chete pavanhu vana vane immune system isina simba uye chirwere chemapapu cheMAC cherudzi rwecavitary anofa mukati memakore mashanu ekuonekwa kwechirwere ichi.

Kuongororwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kunogona kuderedza zvikuru njodzi dzinotora nguva refu.

Vanhu vazhinji havarwari nehutachiona hweMAC. Kune avo vanorwara, chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kukonzera matambudziko ekufema akakomba, dzimwe nguva anotyisidzira hupenyu. Kana ukakosora ropa, kana kuti ukaramba uchikosora uye uchinzwa kuneta, unofanira kuona chiremba. Vanhu vane masoja emuviri asina simba uye avo vane zvimwe zvirwere zvemapapu vanonyanya kubatwa nechirwere chemapapu cheMAC. Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chinogona kurapwa nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya, asi ungangoda kutora mushonga uyu kweanopfuura gore.

Pakupedzisira, zvinhu zvekurangarira...

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC chirwere chatinofanira kunetseka nacho. Zvisinei, hapana chekunetseka nacho. Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuona chiremba nekukurumidza kana uine zviratidzo, kuongororwa kwakarurama, uye kurapwa kwakakodzera. Kana zvakadaro, tinogona kurarama hupenyu hwakajairika nechirwere ichi. Kana uine mimwe mibvunzo nezveizvi, usazeza kubvunza chiremba wako. Ramba uine hutano!

Chirwere chemapapu cheMAC , Mycobacterium avium complex, hutachiona hweNTM, hutachiona hwemapapu, chikosoro chisingaperi, zvirwere zvekufema, hutachiona hwebhakitiriya