Tinowanzo batwa nefivha, dzihwa, kukosora. Dzimwe nguva tinonzwawo kurwadziwa nemudumbu, manyoka, nezvimwewo. Dzimwe nguva dzakadai, tinowanzo funga kuti, "Ah... iyi ivhairasi." Asi hazvifanirwe kunge iri vhairasi nguva dzese. Dzimwe nguva inogona kunge iri hutachiona hwebhakitiriya. Saka musiyano uripi pakati pezviviri izvi, mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi? Tinozviziva sei? Ngatitaurei nezvazvo nhasi chaiye.
Zviratidzo zvakajairika zvehutachiona hwebhakitiriya nehutachiona
Marudzi ese ari maviri ehutachiona ane zvinhu zvakawanda zvakafanana. Ose anokonzerwa netupukanana tusingaoneki nemaziso edu. Mabhakitiriya anokonzerwa nebhakitiriya, uye hutachiona hwehutachiona hunokonzerwa nemavhairasi. Mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzinogona kupararira nenzira imwe chete.
- Pakukosora nekuhotsira.
- Kana wava pedyo nemunhu ane hutachiona (kunyanya kuburikidza nekutsvodana uye kusangana pabonde).
- Kubva panzvimbo dzakasvibiswa, chikafu, nemvura.
- Kubva kuzvipfuyo, mhuka dzepapurazi, nezvipembenene zvakaita senhata nezvikwekwe.
Utachiona uhu hunogonawo kukonzera marudzi akasiyana-siyana ehutachiona:
- Utachiona hwakasimba: Izvi zvinopera mumazuva mashoma, vhiki imwe kana maviri.
- Utachiona husingaperi: Izvi zvinogona kugara kwemavhiki, mwedzi, kana kunyange hupenyu hwese.
- Utachiona hwakavanda: Izvi zvingasaratidza zviratidzo pakutanga, asi zvinogona kudzokazve mwedzi kana makore gare gare.
Chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti, hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya nehutachiona hunogona kukonzera kurwara kudiki, kuri pakati nepakati, uye kwakanyanya.
Ndeupi musiyano mukuru pakati pebhakitiriya nemavhairasi?
Kunyange zvazvo mabhakitiriya nemavhairasi ari madiki zvekuti haaonekwe pasina maikorosikopu, pane musiyano mukuru pakati pezviviri izvi, setwiza negoldfish.
Mabhakitiriya
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, mabhakitiriya zvinhu zvipenyu zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvinoumbwa nesero rimwe chete. Anogona kurarama ega, achipatsanurana uye achiwanda pasina rubatsiro rwechimwe chinhu. Ane nhoroondo inodzokera kumashure kwemakore angangoita mabhiriyoni matatu nehafu. Anogona kurarama kunyangwe mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma, akadai sekupisa kwakanyanya, kutonhora kwakanyanya, uye marara ane mwaranzi.
Asi haasi mabhakitiriya ese akaipa sezvatinofunga. Mabhakitiriya mazhinji haana njodzi. Mamwe mabhakitiriya anotibatsira kugaya chikafu, kuparadza mamwe majemusi anokonzera zvirwere, kurwisa masero ekenza, uye kutotipa zvinovaka muviri. Kutaura zvazviri, pasi pe1% yemabhakitiriya anokonzera zvirwere muvanhu .
Mavhairasi
Mavhairasi madiki zvikuru pane mabhakitiriya. Ane protein coat chete uye majini (RNA kana DNA) mukati. Kusiyana nemabhakitiriya, vhairasi haigone kurarama yoga.Zvechokwadi vanoda rimwe sero mhenyu (host) kuti vararame uye vabereke.
Zvinoitwa nevhairasi ndekuti inopinda musero rine hutano mumuviri wedu, yotora simba resero iroro, yoshandisa sero iroro kugadzira zviuru zvemavhairasi akafanana naro. Pakupedzisira, sero iroro rinoputika rofa, asi mavhairasi matsva anoburitswa opinda mune mamwe masero.
Kusiyana nemabhakitiriya, mavhairasi mazhinji anokonzera zvirwere uye anotaura zvakananga nezverudzi rwemasero aanorwisa. Semuenzaniso, mamwe mavhairasi anorwisa masero echiropa, nepo mamwe achirwisa masero ari muhurongwa hwekufema.
Unogona kusiyanisa pakati pezviviri izvi zvichienderana nezviratidzo here?
Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwebhakitiriya nehutachiona zvinogona kufanana zvakanyanya.
- Kukosora
- Kuhotsira
- Kupindwa nechando
- Kurutsa
- Manyoka
- Kuneta
- Kurwadziwa kwemuviri nekukamhina
Zviratidzo izvi inzira yekudzivirira muviri yedu yekuedza kubvisa utachiona hwapinda mumuviri. Kunyangwe zviratidzo zvakafanana, marudzi maviri aya ehutachiona akasiyana munzira dzakawanda, senge maitiro aanoita kana anwiwa nemishonga. Saka zvakaoma kuziva zvechokwadi kana iri bhakitiriya kana hutachiona nekungotarisa zviratidzo.
Zvirwere zvebhakitiriya nemavhairasi zvakajairika
Ngatitarisei hutachiona hwakajairika hwatinosangana nahwo muhupenyu hwedu.
| Utachiona hwebhakitiriya hunowanzoonekwa | Utachiona hunowanzoonekwa |
|---|---|
| Kune kufema:
Kune masisitimu ekugaya chikafu:
Kune sisitimu yetsinga:
|
Chiremba anoona sei izvi chaizvo?
Kana uchifungidzira kuti une hutachiona hwebhakitiriya kana hutachiona, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba wako. Chinhu chidiki senge dzihwa hachisi chekunetseka nacho.
Nekuti zvimwe zvirwere zvakaita sepneumonia, meningitis, uye manyoka, zvinogona kukonzerwa nemabhakitiriya nemavhairasi, dzimwe nguva zvakaoma kuziva chiri kukonzera chirwere ichi. Asi chiremba wako anogona kuwana pfungwa nekunyora nhoroondo yako yezvekurapa uye kuongorora muviri.
Kana zvichidikanwa, unogona kukumbirwa kuti uongororwe ropa, uongororwe weti, kana kuti uongororwe kuti uone kana chirwere chacho chakakonzerwa nebhakitiriya kana hutachiona.
Inorapwa sei? Pane musiyano here pakati pezviviri izvi?
Ehe, kurapwa kwezvirwere zviviri izvi kwakasiyana zvachose.
Kurapa kwehutachiona hwebhakitiriya
Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshandiswa kurapa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Ichi chinhu chakakosha zvikuru mukurapa.
Asi hechino chimwe chinhu chakakosha kwatiri tose kuti tirangarire: Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haishande pamavhairasi!
Zvinosuwisa kuti, nekuti tinoshandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya paisingadiwi uye pasina zano rachiremba, mamwe mabhakitiriya ava kuramba mishonga iyoyo (resistance yemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya). Iri rave dambudziko guru rehutano munyika yanhasi.
Kurapa kwehutachiona hwehutachiona
Kurapa hutachiona hwemavhairasi kwakaoma zvishoma nekuti mavhairasi anogara mumasero edu.
- Majekiseni: Kubayiwa majekiseni ndiyo nzira yakanakisisa yekudzivirira zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira. Majekiseni anobatsira kutidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakaita segwirikwiti, polio, mumps, hepatitis B, neHPV.
- Mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi: Kune mishonga inorwisa mavhairasi yezvirwere zvemavhairasi zvakaita seherpes, HIV/AIDS, uye furuwenza. Zvisinei, mishonga iyi inofanira kushandiswa chete kana chiremba ataura.
Kushandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya pahutachiona hwehutachiona hakubatsiri. Kunongouraya mabhakitiriya akanaka mumiviri yedu uye kunogadzira mabhakitiriya asingarwi nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya. Nokudaro,Kuchenjera kusashandisa mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kunze kwekunge paine humbowo hwakajeka hwehutachiona hwebhakitiriya.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwebhakitiriya nehutachiona zvinogona kufanana, saka usasarudza kuti hutachiona hwaunahwo hupi zvichibva pazviratidzo chete.
- Mabhakitiriya masero anogona kurarama ega. Virusi chinhu chipenyu chinoda rimwe sero kuti rirarame uye ripararire.
- Mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya inoshanda chete pakurwisa hutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Haina simba pahutachiona.
- Usambofa wakatora mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya wega usina kukurudzirwa nachiremba. Kana chiremba wako akakunyorera mushonga, iva nechokwadi chekuutora kwenguva yese yawakanyorerwa.
- Nzira yakanakisisa yekuzvidzivirira kubva kuzvirwere zvakawanda zvakakomba zvehutachiona ndeyekubaiwa nhomba.
- Kana musina chokwadi nezvechirwere chamunacho, kana zviratidzo zvenyu zvakanyanya, kana kuti zvikasavandudzika mukati memazuva mashoma, ndapota onai chiremba wenyu.
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