Amai kana baba vane mwana achangoberekwa vanogona kutya zvikuru kunyangwe vakaona shanduko diki pamwana wavo. Saka unganetseka sei kana chiremba akamuongorora mwana ndokuti, "Pane kurira kwemoyo kudiki"? Asi usatya. Nhasi tiri kutaura nezvechirwere chemwoyo chinowanzoonekwa muvana vacheche uye chiri nyore kurapa. Izvi zvinonzi Patent Ductus Arteriosus, kana kuti PDA sezvazvinodaidzwa pakati pevanachiremba muchidimbu.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, chii chinonzi PDA iyi?
Kuti tinzwisise izvi, ngatidzokerei kune mwana ari mudumbu raamai. Fungidzira, mwana haafeme ari mudumbu. Mwana anowana okisijeni yaanoda kuburikidza nerukuvhute rwaamai. Nokudaro, mapapu emwana haashande panguva iyoyo. Saka, pane nzira diki, yakaita sekubatana 'kwekupfuura', pakati petsinga huru inotakura ropa kubva pamoyo kuenda kumuviri (aorta) netsinga inotakura ropa kuenda kumapapu (pulmonary artery). Izvi ndizvo zvatinodaidza mukurapa `(ductus arteriosus)`. Basa rayo nderekupfuura mapapu, asiri kushanda, uye kutumira ropa kune mamwe muviri.
Mushure mekunge mwana aberekwa uye atanga kufema kekutanga, mapapu anotanga kushanda. Zvadaro hapana chikonzero chekuti mwana apfuure nepaanogona napo. Saka kazhinji mukati memazuva mashoma ekutanga mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana, tsinga iyi yeropa inodzikira yoga yovhara yoga.
Asi mune vamwe vacheche, tsinga iyi yeropa inonzi ``ductus arteriosus'' haivharike zvakanaka. Inosiya buri diki. Ndosaka tichiidana kuti Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA) .
Dambudziko iri rePDA rinokanganisa sei mwana?
Zvino, chii chinoitika kana nzira iyoyo yekupinda isina kuvharwa? Kumanikidzwa kweropa mutsinga huru inotakura ropa mumuviri, aorta, kwakakwira. Kumanikidzwa mutsinga inotakura ropa kumapapu, tsinga yemapapu, kwakaderera. Saka, kuburikidza neburi iri, ropa risingakoshi rinoyerera kubva panzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kuenda kunzvimbo ine kumanikidzwa kwakaderera, kureva, kumapapu.
Izvi zvinokonzera matambudziko makuru maviri:
1. Basa rakawanda remwoyo nemapapu: Mwoyo nemapapu emwana zvinofanirwa kushanda nesimba kuti zvipombe ropa rese iri rakawedzerwa.
2. Kukuvara kwemapapu: Kana chirwere ichi chikaramba chisingaperi pasina kurapwa, BP mumapapu inogona kuwedzera, zvichikonzera chirwere chinonzi pulmonary hypertension. Izvi zvinogonawo kukanganisa tsinga dzeropa mumapapu.
Chinhu chakakosha ndechekuti matambudziko ese aya anogona kudzivirirwa kana chirwere ichi chikaonekwa nekukurumidza uye chikarapwa nemazvo.
Ndiani ari panjodzi huru yekuva nechirwere ichi chePDA?
Kunyangwe chirwere ichi chichigona kuitika kune chero mwana, vamwe vacheche vari panjodzi huru.
- Vana vacheche nguva isati yakwana:Iri ndiro boka guru rine njodzi. Mwana paanoberekwa mavhiki mashoma, mukana wekuti aite PDA wakawedzera. Vanenge 80% vevana vanoberekwa mavhiki makumi maviri nemasere vasati vasvika vanogona kuona chirwere ichi.
- Vacheche vechikadzi: Chirwere ichi chinowanzoitika pakati pevacheche vechikadzi kupfuura vechirume.
- Zvikonzero zvemajini: PDA inogona kuitika nemamwe ma genetic syndromes.
- Utachiona hweRubella muna amai panguva yekuzvitakura: Kana amai vakabatwa neGerman measles panguva yekuzvitakura, mwana ari panjodzi yakakura yekubatwa nePDA.
Ndezvipi zviratidzo zvePDA?
Zviratidzo zvinosiyana zvichienderana nehukuru hwePDA. PDA diki kwazvo ingasaratidza zviratidzo . Panogona kunge paine kurira kwemoyo chete uko chiremba anogona kunzwa ne stethoscope. Zvisinei, kana uine PDA iri pakati nepakati kusvika yakakura, unogona kuona zviratidzo izvi.
| Chiratidzo | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Kufema nekukurumidza | Nekuti ropa rakawanda riri kuyerera kuenda kumapapu, mwana anofema nekukurumidza kupfuura zvakajairwa. Dzimwe nguva kufema kushoma kunogona kuitika. |
| Kudikitira uchinwa mukaka | Nekuti moyo unofanirwa kushanda nesimba, kunyangwe chiito chekunwa mukaka chinoratidzika sekurovedza muviri kukuru kumwana. Ndosaka huma yake nemusoro zvichibuda ziya paanenge achinwa mukaka. |
| Kukurumidza kuneta uye kunwa mukaka mushoma | Mwana anokurumidza kuneta, saka anorega kunwa mukaka mudiki. Zvakaoma kuramba achinwa mukaka nguva dzose. |
| Kurema kushoma | Nekuti mwana haasi kunwa mukaka wakakwana uye muviri uri kushandisa simba rakawanda, huremu hwemwana hahuwedzeri nenzira inoenderana nezera rake. |
| Kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza | Moyo unorova nekukurumidza kuti upombe ropa rakawanda. |
Unoona sei izvi, Chiremba?
Kana ukaona chimwe chezviratidzo izvi pamwana wako, taurira chiremba wako nekukasika. Kazhinji, pakuongorora mwana wako, chiremba anogona kunzwa "kugunun'una kwemuchina" mumoyo. Apa ndipo panofungidzirwa kuti pane PDA.
Zvadaro, kuti musimbise izvi, muchaendeswa kuna Chiremba weMwoyo weVana . Anogona kuita bvunzo dzinotevera:
- Echocardiogram (Echo): Iyi ndiyo bvunzo inonyanya kukosha uye yakarurama . Yakafanana nekuongororwa kwemoyo. Inokwanisa kuona zvese zvakaita sekuti PDA iripo here, yakakura sei, uye kuti ropa rakawanda sei riri kuyerera mairi. Iyi haisi bvunzo inorwadza.
- X-ray yechipfuva: X-ray yechipfuva inogona kutarisa kana moyo wakakura kana kuti ropa rakawanda richiyerera mumapapu.
- Electrocardiogram (ECG): Nekutarisa mashandiro emagetsi emwoyo, zvinogona kuonekwa kana moyo uri pasi pekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya.
Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvekurapa PDA?
Kurapwa kunoenderana nezera remwana, huremu hwake, hutano hwake, uye saizi yePDA. Haasi ese maPDA anorapwa panguva imwe chete.
1. Kumirira Nokungwarira
Kana iri PDA diki kwazvo, uye isiri kukonzera kukuvara kumwana, chiremba anogona kusarudza kumirira kwenguva yakati. Nekuti vamwe vavo vanovhara vega. Asi zvakakosha kuti urambe uchishanyira kiriniki yachiremba kuti unoongororwa panguva iyi.
2. Kurapa nemishonga
Kunyanya kune vacheche vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana , mimwe mishonga (semuenzaniso, Ibuprofen, Indomethacin) inopihwa kuburikidza nemajekiseni kuyedza kuvhara PDA iyi. Mishonga iyi inobatsira kuti tsinga dzeropa dzivhare uye dzivhare. Izvi zvinongobudirira chete mumavhiki mashoma ekutanga mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwana.
3. Kuisa Catheter muMwoyo
Uku hakusi kuvhiyiwa. Mwana anorapwa zvachose, uye chubhu yakatetepa (catheter) inopinzwa neropa riri mudumbu yoendeswa kumoyo. Zvadaro, mudziyo mudiki (kana coil) unopfuudzwa nechubhu uye buri rePDA rinovharwa. Izvi zvinowanzoitirwa vacheche vane uremu hwakanyanya vane mwedzi mishoma yekuberekwa. Chakanakira nzira iyi ndechekuti mwana haafanire kusungwa nebhandeji, kuitira kuti mwana apore nekukurumidza oenda kumba.
4. Kuvhiyiwa
Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kunyanya kune vacheche vasingakodzeri kuiswa catheterization kana kana PDA yakakura kwazvo, kuvhiyiwa kunogona kudiwa. Muchiitiko ichi, chiremba anochekwa diki parutivi rwechipfuva, pasi pehapwa, uye anovhara PDA nemasitichi kana chidimbu chidiki chesimbi.
Chii chinoitika mushure mekurapwa?
Mushure mekurapwa nekuvharwa kwePDA, ropa remwana rinodzoka pakare. Zviratidzo zvinopera zvishoma nezvishoma.
Mushure mekurapwa, chiremba achakuudza kuti utore mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya kwemwedzi inosvika mitanhatu kudzivirira hutachiona hwemwoyo (endocarditis). Zvakakoshawo kuenda kukiriniki nenguva uye kuratidza mwana.
Mushure mekurapwa zvakanaka, vacheche vese vane PDA vanoenderera mberi nekurarama hupenyu hune hutano uye hune simba pasina matambudziko. Saka musazvidya mwoyo zvisina basa nezveizvi.
Nguva yekutsvaga mazano ekurapa nekukasika
Kana uchiziva kuti mwana wako ane PDA, fonera chiremba wako nekukasika kana paine zviratidzo zvitsva (semuenzaniso, kudzikira kwemukaka, kuoma kufema).
Kana mwana wako akangoerekana atadza kufema kana miromo yake ikaita bhuruu, muendese kuchipatara chiri pedyo neEmergency Department (ETU) nekukurumidza.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- PDA chirwere chemwoyo chinorapika chinowanikwa muvana vacheche vachangoberekwa.
- Njodzi iyi yakakura kune vacheche vanozvarwa nguva isati yakwana.
- Kana mwana wako ari kufema nekukurumidza, achidikitira panguva yekuyamwisa, kana kuti asiri kuwedzera uremu, enda kuna chiremba nekukasika.
- Izvi zvinogona kuongororwa nemazvo nekuongorora kunonzi echocardiogram (Echo).
- Kune nzira dzekurapa (mishonga, catheterization, kuvhiyiwa). Mushure mekurapwa kwakakodzera, mwana anogona kurarama hupenyu hune hutano hwakakwana.
- Usatya izvi zvisina kufanira. Taura nachiremba wako kuti uwane ruzivo rwakarurama.
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