Kana tikarwara nefivha kana dzihwa, zvinopera mumazuva mashoma, handiti? Wakambozvibvunza here kuti izvozvo zvinoitika sei? Tinewo uto guru mukati memiviri yedu, rinorwisa utachiona hunokonzera zvirwere hunobva kunze. Mumwe wemasoja akakosha muuto iroro anonzi 'antibodies'. Nhasi tichataura nezverudzi rwakakosha rweantibody, 'Polyclonal Antibodies'. Kunyange zvazvo zita iri richinzwika seresainzi, nyaya yacho iri nyore. Ngatitarisei zvakadzama nezvezvidziviriro zvemuviri izvi.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, ma antibodies aya e polyclonal chii?
Ma antibodies ePolyclonal mapuroteni madiki ari chikamu chemuviri wedu wekudzivirira muviri. Zvikuru sei, anogadzirwa neboka remasero anonzi plasma B cells.
Zvino ngatizvirerutsirei zvishoma. Fungidzirai kuti muvengi auya kunyika yenyu. Kuti muzive muvengi iyeye, pane 'mavanga' chaiwo pamuviri wake. Zvakafanana kana utachiona, hutachiona kana bhakitiriya, zvikapinda mumuviri wedu. Utachiona ihwohwo hune 'mavanga' chaiwo pamusoro pahwo. Mukurapa, tinodana chiratidzo ichi kuti 'antigen' .
Kana masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri akaona iyi antigen, anoiona obva ati, "Oh... uyu haasi mumwe wedu, munhu anobva kunze." Ipapo hondo yedu, kureva ma antibodies, inotanga kushanda.
Asi pane chimwe chinhu chidiki pano. Pane imwe antigen, ndiko kuti, pamuviri wemuvengi mumwe chete, pane nzvimbo dzakawanda idzo masoja edu ekudzivirira chirwere anogona kubata. Sezvakangoita kuti pane maburi akawanda ekuti makiyi akwane pamusuwo mumwe chete. Tinodana buri rimwe nerimwe remaburi aya kuti 'epitope' .
Izwi rekuti 'polyclonal' rinoreva 'kubva kumarudzi akasiyana'. Saka, ma antibodies epolyclonal muunganidzwa wemarudzi akasiyana-siyana ema antibodies anogona kurwisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana (epitopes) pamuvengi mumwe chete (antigen). Izvi zvinoderedza zvikuru mukana wemuvengi wekupona.
Kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichigadzirwa mumiviri yedu, kuti zvishandiswe mukurapa dzimwe nguva zvinotorwa kubva mumiviri yemhuka dzakadai setsuro nemakwai, kana kubva muropa revanhu vakapora kubva kuzvirwere zvakasiyana.
Izvi zvinoshanda sei mumuviri?
Maitiro eizvi anonakidza zvikuru. Funga nezvazvo sekiyi nekamba.
1. Muvengi anopinda: Utachiona kana mabhakitiriya anopinda mumuviri wedu. Hune 'ruvara' pamusoro pahwo. Aya maantigen.
2. Ruzivo rwekamba: Asi kamba yega yega ine maburi akawanda emakiyi. Aya ndiwo ma epitopes.
3. Hondo yemakiyi inosvika: Masoja edu ekudzivirira muviri paanongoona tupukanana utwu, anogadzira 'mhando dzakasiyana dzemakiyi' dzinokwana muburi rega rega. Hondo iyoyo yemakiyi inonzi ma polyclonal antibodies.
4. Hondo inotanga:Makiyi aya akasiyana-siyana (antibodies) anosunga mumaburi akasiyana-siyana (epitopes) mumuviri wemuvengi. Anorwisa muvengi mumwe chete kubva munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana.
5. Inoparadza muvengi: Kana ma antibodies akabatana seizvi, mamwe masero ari musystem yekudzivirira muviri anogona kuona nekuparadza muvengi uyu zviri nyore.
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hunyanzvi hwema antibodies e polyclonal ndehwekuti pachinzvimbo chekurwisa muvengi mumwe chete nenzira imwe chete, anomurwisa kubva kumativi akasiyana uye nenzira dzakasiyana. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhinduro yekudzivirira muviri ive yakasimba uye inoshanda zvakanyanya .
Izvi zvinoshandiswa pai mukurapa?
Pamusoro pekugadzirwa kwemuviri wedu, ma antibodies aya e polyclonal anoshandiswa pamabasa akawanda akakosha mukurapa.
- Kuongorora chirwere: Mimwe miedzo yemurabhoritari, yakaita seELISA ne immunohistochemistry, inoshandiswa kuona kuvapo kwehutachiona kana kenza.
- Pakutsvagurudza kwesainzi: Vaongorori vanoshandisa izvi kuti vanzwisise mashandiro anoita miviri yedu uye kuti zvirwere zvinokura sei.
- Kurapa nekudzivirira zvirwere: Ma antibodies ePolyclonal anoshandiswa kurapa zvirwere zvakaita sekunge mishonga yakawandisa, kurumwa nenyoka, uye zvimwe zvirwere zveropa.
| Nzira yekurapa | Tsananguro iri nyore |
|---|---|
| Mushonga wekurwisa uturu hwenyoka (Mushonga wekurwisa uturu) | Izvi zvine ma antibodies akagadzirirwa kurwisa uturu hunopinda mumuviri kana nyoka ikaruma. |
| Plasma inoporesa | Plasma yeropa yemunhu akapora kubva kuchirwere chinotapukira ine ma antibodies e polyclonal akagadzirwa kurwisa chirwere ichocho. Plasma iyi inopiwa kumurwere kuti arapwe. |
| Digoxin immune fabric | Jekiseni rinopihwa kana mushonga wemwoyo wakawandisa Digoxin. |
| Rho(D) immune globulin | Mushonga uyu unopiwa amai vane pamuviri vane ropa reRh-negative kudzivirira matambudziko (rhesus isoimmunization) anogona kuitika kana ropa remwana rikava reRh-positive. Unopiwawo semushonga wechirwere cheropa chinonzi ITP (immune thrombocytopenia). |
Ndeupi musiyano uripo pakati pema antibodies e polyclonal ne monoclonal?
Ungave wakambonzwawo nezve 'monoclonal antibodies.' Kunyangwe ese ari maviri aya achirwisa maantigen, pane musiyano mudiki asi wakakosha.
| Hunhu | Ma antibodies ePolyclonal (Polyclonal) | Ma antibodies eMonoclonal (Monoclonal) |
|---|---|---|
| Magadzirirwo aro | Inoumbwa kubva muunganidzwa wemarudzi akasiyana emasero eB. | Zvinogadzirwa murabhoritari kubva pamakopi (makoroni) esero rimwe chete reB. |
| Chinangwa | Vanorwisa ma epitopes akasiyana (mavara) ari paantigen imwe chete. | Inongorwisa epitope imwe chete chaiyo pane antigen imwe chete. |
| Kugadzirwa | Inowanikwa kubva muropa remhuka kana revanhu. | Inotorwa kubva muropa remhuka yogadzirwa kuita mabhiriyoni emakopi murabhoritari. |
| Zvisikwa | Musanganiswa wema antibodies akasiyana. Hunhu hwawo hunogona kusiyana kubva pahuwandu kusvika pahuwandu. | Nekuti ese ari marudzi akafanana emasoja ekudzivirira chirwere, akasimba uye hunhu hwawo hahuchinji. |
Ndezvipi zvakanakira izvi?
- Mutengo wakaderera wekugadzira: Izvi zviri nyore kugadzira kupfuura ma antibodies e monoclonal, ayo akagadzirwa zvakaomarara murabhoritari.
- Kugona kuona zvakanaka: Kunyangwe huwandu hweantigen mumuenzaniso huri hudiki kwazvo , hunogona kuhuona zviri nyore nekuti hunogona kusungirirwa panzvimbo dzakasiyana.
- Kunyatsojeka: Nekuti antigen imwe chete inosunga kune nzvimbo dzakawanda, mhinduro yacho inogara yakafanana.
Saka hapana chakaipa here?
Ehe, kunewo matambudziko.
- Kusiyana Kwemhando: Nekuti izvi zvinoitika zvechisikigo, panogona kunge paine kusiyana kwemhando pakati peboka rimwe remasoja ekudzivirira chirwere nerimwe. Nokudaro, kushanda zvakanaka kunogona kusiyana.
- Mikana yekuwana mhedzisiro yenhema: Dzimwe nguva, pane mukana wekuti pave nekusangana kweimwe antigen yakafanana neantigen inotarirwa. Saka, mhedzisiro yenhema inogona kuitika muongororo.
- Kurwara neallergy: Kana ma antibodies e polyclonal anobva kumhuka achishandiswa kurapa vanhu, pane njodzi yekurwara neallergy kana mimwe migumisiro yakaipa.
Saka, sezvamunoona, aya ma polyclonal antibodies chikamu chakakosha kwazvo chekudzivirira muviri wemuviri wedu, pamwe nemukurapa. Anowanzo shandiswa mukutsvagisa uye kuongororwa kwezvirwere. Kana muine mibvunzo nezveizvi, kunyanya kana muchipihwa aya ekurapwa kwakatarwa, zvakanaka kubvunza chiremba wenyu kana nesi kuti akutsanangurirei.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- Ma antibodies ePolyclonal iboka rezvidziviriro zvechisikigo zvinogadzirwa nemarudzi akasiyana-siyana emasero mumasoja emuviri wedu.
- Izvi zvinoshanda nekurwisa nzvimbo dzakasiyana (epitopes) pamuvengi mumwe chete (antigen) uye kubatsira kuparadza muvengi iyeye. Izvi zvinoita kuti mhinduro yacho ive yakasimba zvikuru.
- Mukurapa, anoshandiswa pakuongorora nekutsvaga, pamwe nekurapa kwakadai seuturu hwenyoka uye majekiseni ekudzivirira vanaamai vane pamuviri vasina Rh.
- Izvi zvakasiyana nema antibodies e monoclonal, ayo anogadzirwa murabhoritari kubva musero rimwe chete uye anorwisa chinangwa chimwe chete.
- Kana muine zvinokunetsai nezvekurapa kwamunopiwa panyaya iyi, kurukurai nachiremba wenyu zvakajeka.
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