Mwana wako anogara akarasika here munyika yepfungwa, asingateereri zvidzidzo zvekirasi kuchikoro? Anomhanya-mhanya here asingakwanise kuchengeta pfungwa dzake panzvimbo imwe chete mushure mekupiwa basa rechikoro? Kana kuti anogara achingotenderera-tenderera here kana asingakwanise kugara panzvimbo imwe chete? Paunoona zvinhu zvakaita seizvi, ungangove wakafunga kuti, "Ichi chirwere chinonzi ADHD here?" Vamwe vanhu vanodanawo izvi kuti ADD. Chii chaizvo chinonzi ADD neADHD? Pane musiyano here pakati pezviviri izvi? Pamwe iwe pachako wakagara uine rudzi urwu rwechinhu kubva paudiki uye ungangove usina kuzviziva. Ngatitaurei nezvazvo zvakajeka nhasi.
ADD neADHD: Pane musiyano zvechokwadi here?
Zvichitaurwa zviri nyore, hapana musiyano wakawanda. Mazita ese ari maviri anoshandiswa kutsanangura chirwere chimwe chete. Asi vanachiremba havachashandisi izwi rekuti 'ADD'. Ishoko rekare, rekare. Ungangonzwa vanhu vachiti ADD, asi harisi chirwere chepamutemo. Nhasi uno, kana munhu akaonekwa aine zviratidzo zveADD, anoiswa muchikamu chemhando nhatu dzeADHD.
Kare, chatinodaidza kuti ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder) chainzi ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder). Uyewo, vanachiremba vava kuziva kuti chirwere ichi hachingogumiri pahudiki chete, asi chinogona kuramba chiripo kusvika munhu akura.
Mazita aya akachinja sei?
Nhoroondo yeizvi iri nyore kwazvo. Muma1980, bhuku guru rinoronga zvirwere zvepfungwa, rinonzi Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM), rakapa chirwere ichi zita rekuti 'attention deficit disorder', kana kuti 'ADD'. Panguva iyoyo, chakanga chakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri - ine uye isina hyperactivity .
Asi muna 1987, vanachiremba vakachinja zita iri kuita ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder). Zvadaro muna 1994, chirwere ichi chakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru. Tichiri kushandisa rudzi irworwo rwechirwere kusvika nanhasi.
Mhando nhatu huru dzeADHD uye hunhu hwadzo
ADHD chirwere chinokanganisa mashandiro ehuropi. Chinogona kukanganisa mashandiro emwana ezuva nezuva, kumba nekuchikoro. Vana vane chirwere ichi vanonetseka nekuteerera, kudzora maitiro avo, uye dzimwe nguva vanova nekushanda zvakanyanya.
ADHD yakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru. Ngatitarisei mhando idzi nhatu nezviratidzo zvadzo zviri patafura iri pazasi.
| Rudzi rweADHD | Hunhu hwakakosha uye maitiro |
|---|---|
| 1. Mharidzo Isinganyatso nyatsoteerera (Izvi zvaimbonzi ADD) | Vana ava havanyanyi kunetseka. Ndosaka dzimwe nguva zvichivaomera kuziva. Vangaita sevanonyara uye "vari munyika yavo vega."
|
| 2. Mharidzo Inonyanya Kushanda Nepfungwa Dzisina Kushanda | Vana ava vane simba rakawanda. Havagone kugara panzvimbo imwe chete, vanogara vachifamba. Izvi zvinoonekwa nyore nyore nevamwe.
|
| 3. Mharidzo Yakasanganiswa | Vana ava vane hunhu hwemarudzi ese ari maviri ataurwa pamusoro apa. Kureva kuti, vanogona kuonekwa sevanonyanya kuita zvinhu zvisina musoro uye vasina hanya pamwe chete nekusateerera . Vanoomerwa nekuteerera, uye vanogara vachifamba-famba, vasingakwanise kugara panzvimbo imwe chete. |
ADHD inoonekwa sei?
Ichi ndicho chinhu chakakosha. Hapana bvunzo imwe chete inogona kuona kana une ADHD kana kuti kwete.Izvi zvinoreva kuti izvi hazvigone kuonekwa nekukasika nekuongorora ropa kana kuskena.
Chinhu chinonyanya kukosha ndechekuti kana uine dambudziko nemaitiro emwana wako, unofanira kuona chiremba ane ruzivo, senge chiremba wevana kana chiremba wepfungwa.
Chiremba anotora matanho akati wandei kuti aongorore chirwere ichi:
- Kuunganidza ruzivo: Chiremba achakubvunza iwe, vadzidzisi vemwana, nevamwe vakuru vanoziva mwana zvakanaka nezvemaitiro emwana wako zvakadzama.
- Kuenzanisa maitiro: Maitiro emwana anoenzaniswa nemaitiro akajairika evamwe vana vezera rimwe chete.
- Kubvisa zvimwe zvirwere: Dzimwe nguva zviratidzo zvinoita seADHD zvinogona kukonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere. Semuenzaniso:
- Matambudziko ekurara
- Kuzvidya Mwoyo Uye Kuora Mwoyo
- Kuremara pakudzidza
- Kuchinja kukuru mumhuri (kurambana, rufu)
- Matambudziko ethyroid
- Kubatwa nepfari kusingaonekwe (Kubatwa nepfari)
Saka, chiremba anosvika pamhedziso mushure mekufunga zvese izvi. Dzimwe nguva, bvunzo dzakagadzirwa dzakadai se'(NEBA) System', iyo inoyera mafungu europi, dzinogona kushandiswa, asi izvozvo zvinoitwawo sechikamu chekuongororwa kwakazara kwechiremba.
Zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo pakuongorora chirwere
Kuti zviongororwe kuti une ADHD, zviratidzo izvi zvinofanira kunge zvakambovapo kwenguva yakati.
- Zviratidzo zvinofanirwa kuramba zviripo kwemwedzi mitanhatu .
- Zvimwe zviratidzo zvinofanira kunge zvakatanga vasati vasvitsa makore gumi nemaviri .
- Hunhu uhwu hunofanira kuonekwa munzvimbo mbiri kana kupfuura (semuenzaniso, kumba uye kuchikoro).
- Hunhu uhwu hunofanira kunge hune simba guru pahupenyu hwemwana, basa rake rechikoro, kana zvimwe zviitiko.
Vakuru vanogonawo kuva neADHD here?
Ehe, zvechokwadi. ADHD haisi chinhu chinongogumira pahudiki. Vanhu vazhinji vaiva neADHD vachiri vana vanoramba vaine chirwere ichi kusvika vakura. Dzimwe nguva, vabereki pavanenge vachiedza kuona mwana wavo aine ADHD, vanoona kuti naivowo vane zviratidzo zvakafanana. Kana uri munhu mukuru uye uchifunga kuti ungave uine ADHD, hazvisati zvanyanya kunonoka kuona chiremba wepfungwa kuti uzive.
Mharidzo Yekuenda Nayo Kumba
- ADD izita rekare rinoshandiswa pachirwere cheADHD. Izwi rekurapa rakakodzera parizvino ndiADHD.
- ADHD yakakamurwa kuita mhando nhatu huru: rudzi rwekusateerera, rudzi rwekushanda zvakanyanya/kuvhunduka, uye rudzi rwakasanganiswa, unova musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri.
- Kana mwana achifungidzirwa kuti ane ADHD, zvakakosha kuona kana zviratidzo zvacho zviripo kumba nekuchikoro.
- Dzivisa kuzviongorora wega. Kana uchifungidzira kuti iwe kana mwana wako ane ADHD, iva nechokwadi chekuona chiremba kuti akutungamirire uye akupe rubatsiro rwakakodzera.
- ADHD chirwere chinogona kutanga muhudiki uye chinoramba chiripo kusvika munhu akura. Chinogona kuongororwa uye kurapwa chero pazera ripi zvaro.
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