Ngaba ukhe weva ngeNtsholongwane yeNile eNtshona? Makhe sithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha!

Mhlawumbi ukhe weva ngezifo ezisasazwa ziingcongconi. Njenge-dengue. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngentsholongwane esasazwa ziingcongconi, kodwa yahlukile kancinci. Ibizwa ngokuba yi-West Nile Virus. Abanye abantu abanazo iimpawu ezinzulu kuyo, kodwa abanye abantu banokugula kancinci. Ngoko ke, makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni le ntsholongwane yaseWest Nile, isasazeka njani, zithini iimpawu, kunye nendlela yokuzikhusela.

Yintoni le Virus yaseWest Nile?

Ngamafutshane, iWest Nile yintsholongwane engena emizimbeni yethu xa ingcongconi isiluma. Uninzi lwexesha, uninzi lwabantu alubonisi zimpawu . Nangona kunjalo, ayinguye wonke umntu ozibonakalisayo. Xa sithetha nje, malunga nomntu omnye kwabahlanu uya kuba neempawu ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo (ngamanye amaxesha obizwa ngokuba yiWest Nile fever) ezifana nomkhuhlane, intloko ebuhlungu, kunye neentlungu zomzimba . Kunqabile kakhulu, le ntsholongwane yeWest Nile inokuchaphazela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo, yosulele ingqondo okanye umqolo kwaye ibangele iimeko ezinzulu (`(Encephalitis)` okanye `(Meningitis)`).

Ibizwa ngokuba yi-'West Nile' kuba le ntsholongwane yafunyanwa okokuqala kwisithili sase-'West Nile' e-Uganda.

Ixhaphake kangakanani intsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Intsholongwane yeWest Nile yintsholongwane efumaneka kumazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela. Ixelwe kwiindawo ezininzi ezifana noMntla Melika, iYurophu, iAfrika, uMbindi Mpuma, iOstreliya, kunye neAsia. Enyanisweni, yeyona ntsholongwane ixhaphakileyo ethwalwa ziingcongconi eMelika . Amatyala axelwe kuwo onke amazwe angama-49 apho. Ukusukela oko amatyala okuqala axelwe apho ngo-1999, abantu abangaphezu kwama-51,000 babonakalise iimpawu.

Zithini iimpawu zentsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone ukuba le ntsholongwane ibonisa iimpawu ezinjani xa isenzeka. Njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, ayinguye wonke umntu ofumana iimpawu. Kodwa makhe sibone ukuba kwenzeka ntoni kwabo bazifumanayo.

Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezifana nomkhuhlane (umkhuhlane weWest Nile)

Iimpawu abantu abaninzi abazibonayo zifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiWest Nile fever .

• Usenokuba nomkhuhlane .
• Intloko ebuhlungu isenokuba buhlungu kakhulu.
• Izihlunu emzimbeni wam zivakala ngathi ziyabuhlungu .
• Kunokubakho isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza .
• Abanye abantu banokuba nendle ekhululekileyo (urhudo) .
• Kusenokubakho ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba . Oku kuxhaphake kakhulu esifubeni nasemqolo.
• Ii-lymph nodes ezivuvukileyo zisenokudumba.
• Usenokuziva nomphimbo obuhlungu .
• Kusenokubakho iintlungu emva kwamehlo .

Iimeko ezinzulu ezichaphazela ingqondo (i-encephalitis yaseWest Nile kunye ne-meningitis)

Le yeyona meko iyingozi kakhulu nexhalabisayo . Kodwa khumbula, oku kuyenzekaKubantu abambalwa kakhulu, kodwa kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzazi ezi mpawu.

• Usenokuba nentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu nenganyamezelekiyo .
• Unefiva ephezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-39.5 degrees Celsius, okanye ama-103 degrees Fahrenheit) .
• Intamo eqinileyo . Ukuya kwinqanaba apho ungakwaziyo ukuphakamisa isilevu sakho esifubeni sakho.
• Kusenokubakho ukudideka . Kusenokubonakala ngathi ingqondo yakho iyaphela.
• Izihlunu ziba buthathaka .
• Iintshukumo zemisipha ezingalawulekiyo (ukungcangcazela okanye ukuxhuzula) . Njengokungcangcazela okanye ukuba nesithuthwane .
• Kusenokubakho ukuxhuzula .
• Ukukhubazeka kuthetha ukulahlekelwa yinxalenye yomzimba.
• Ungangena nakwi -coma , oko kuthetha ukuba ulahlekelwa zingqondo.

Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unezinye zezi mpawu zibalulekileyo, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko .

Yintoni ebangela intsholongwane yeWest Nile?

I-West Nile yintsholongwane ekwiqela le-"Arboviruses." Ngamafutshane, "Ii-Arboviruses" ziintsholongwane ezisulela ii-arthropods - izilwanyana ezinemilenze edibeneyo, kuquka nezinambuzane. Yi-"RNA virus" kwaye ikwintsapho ye-"Flavivirus". Usenokuba ukhe weva ngeDengue fever, iYellow fever, kunye neZika virus. Ezo ntsholongwane zikwakwintsapho ye-"Flavivirus".

Intsholongwane yeWest Nile isasazeka njani kuthi?

Isasazeka kakhulu ngokulunywa yingcongconi enesifo . Iingcongconi zihlala zifumana intsholongwane kwintaka enesifo. (Akukho bungqina okwangoku bokuba abantu banokusuleleka ngokuthe ngqo kwiintaka.) Intsholongwane ke iyanda, okanye ikhule, ngaphakathi kwingcongconi. Intsholongwane ke ingena emzimbeni wakho xa loo ngcongconi ikuluma okanye ikuluma esinye isilwanyana.

Ixesha elithathwayo ukuze le ntsholongwane ingene emzimbeni ize ibonise iimpawu, ezaziwa ngokuba lixesha lokufunxa , lidla ngokuba ziintsuku ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha linokuba ziintsuku ezili-14.

Kunqabile kakhulu, oko kukuthi, kunqabile kakhulu, ukuba intsholongwane yeWest Nile ibikwe ukuba isasazeka ngezinye iindlela. Ezi ziquka:

• Ukusuka kumama okhulelweyo ukuya kumntwana osesiswini.
• Ngobisi lwebele.
• Utofelo-gazi.
• Ukufakelwa amalungu omzimba.

Ngaba intsholongwane yeWest Nile idluliselwa komnye umntu ukuya komnye?

Oku kubalulekile. Intsholongwane yeWest Nile ayisasazeki ukusuka komnye umntu ukuya komnye . Oko kuthetha ukuba awunakuyifumana ngokuchukumisa, ukuthetha, okanye ukuchukumisa into esetyenziswe ngumntu onesifo. Isasazwa kuphela ziingcongconi (ngaphandle kweemeko ezingaqhelekanga kakhulu, njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla).

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuba nomkhuhlane weWest Nile?

Nangona iingcongconi zinokuluma nabani na, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu yokugula kakhulu ukuba bafumana intsholongwane yeWest Nile. Usenokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu ngenxa yezi zizathu zilandelayo:

• Ukuba uneminyaka engaphezu kwama-60 ubudala .
• Ukuba ungumntu ofakelwa amalungu omzimba .
• Ukuba umntu unesifo somhlaza .
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile .
• Ukuba une-high blood pressure (i-Hypertension) .
• Ukuba unesifo sezintso .

Ziziphi iingxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yentsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Ngaphantsi kwe-1% yabantu abosulelwe yintsholongwane yeWest Nile (malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-150) babonakalisa iimpawu ezinzulu . Eyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo kukudumba kwamalungu enkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo (ingqondo kunye nomqolo). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"encephalitis" (ukudumba kwengqondo) kunye ne-"meningitis" (ukudumba kwamalungu agubungela ingqondo kunye nomqolo).

Emva kokosuleleka kakhulu yiWest Nile, ezinye iziphumo ezihlala ixesha elide zinokwenzeka. Umzekelo:

• Ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo .
• Ukulahlekelwa kukuva .
• Ubunzima bokuhamba okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuhamba (iingxaki zokuhamba) .
• Ubuthathaka bemisipha .
• Ukusabela okungaqhelekanga .
• Uxinzelelo .

Ifunyanwa njani intsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Ukuba uneempawu ezinzulu, ugqirha wakho unokuvavanya igazi lakho okanye ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal (CSF) ukuze abone ukuba unentsholongwane ye-West Nile na. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kuphela xa ugula kakhulu. Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokudumba kwengqondo, ugqirha wakho unokwenza i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) okanye i-MRI (i-Magnetic Resonance Imaging) ukuze athathe imifanekiso yengqondo yakho.

Inyangwa njani intsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Ngelishwa, akukho mayeza athile okunyanga intsholongwane yaseWest Nile. Ukuba uneempawu ezibuthathaka, ezifana nomkhuhlane oqhelekileyo, ungazinyanga ekhaya. Ungasebenzisa amayeza athengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha (OTC), anje ngezithomalalisi zentlungu, njengokuba ubuya kwenza kumkhuhlane oqhelekileyo okanye umkhuhlane.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba uneempawu ezinzulu zemithambo-luvo , uza kulaliswa esibhedlele kwaye ujongwe ngoogqirha. Baza kunyanga iimpawu zakho, okanye banokwenza izinto ezifana nezi:

• Ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula , uza kunikwa amayeza okuthintela ukuxhuzula .
• Ukuba unengxaki yokuphefumlaKunikwa ioksijini eyongezelelweyo, okanye kuqhagamshelwe umoya woomatshini .
• Ukuba umzimba uphelelwe ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunikwa ulwelo olufakwa kwimithambo yegazi (IV) .
• Ii-corticosteroids zinganikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba.
• Ukuba awukwazi ukutya wedwa, unganikwa ukutya ngetyhubhu (ityhubhu yokondla) .

Ngaba ungazikhusela kwintsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Le yeyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo. Akukho gonyo lokuthintela intsholongwane yeWest Nile okwangoku . Ngoko ke, eyona nto ingcono esinokuyenza kukuzikhusela ekulunyweni ziingcongconi . Kukho izinto ezimbalwa esinokuzenza ukuze senze loo nto:

• Ziphephe izihlandlo ezinobungozi obukhulu : Hlala endlini kangangoko unako ngamaxesha apho iingcongconi zisebenza kakhulu, ingakumbi kusasa nangokuhlwa, xa ilanga litshona.
• Sebenzisa isibulali-zinambuzane : Xa uphuma phandle, fafaza isibulali-zinambuzane kwiindawo ezibonakalayo emzimbeni wakho okanye kwiimpahla zakho. Kungcono ukhethe ezo ziqinisekisiweyo ukuba ziyasebenza yimibutho efana ne-Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
• Gquma ulusu lwakho : Xa uphuma phandle, nxiba impahla ekhaphukhaphu, njengeebhulukhwe ezinde kunye neehempe ezineemikhono emide, ukuze ugqume umzimba wakho kangangoko unako.
• Susa amanzi amileyo : Khupha amanzi rhoqo kwaye ucoce naziphi na iindawo apho amanzi anokuqokelelana khona, njengeendawo zokuhlambela iintaka, imibhobho evalekileyo, kunye neendawo apho amanzi aqokelelene khona.
• Thintela iingcongconi ukuba zingangeni ekhayeni lakho : Gcina iingcango neefestile zivaliwe, okanye zigcine zivaliwe kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
• Lumka xa uhamba okanye ulala ngaphandle : ukuba kunokwenzeka, lala uvale iifestile, okanye sebenzisa inethi yokuzikhusela kwiingcongconi ebusuku ukuze uzikhusele kwiingcongconi.

Ngaba intsholongwane yeWest Nile iya kunyangwa ngonaphakade?

Ewe, uninzi lwamajoni omzimba abantu anokukwazi ukulwa nentsholongwane yaseWest Nile aze ayisuse . Iimpawu ezincinci, ezinje ngomkhuhlane, zihlala ziphela ngokwazo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ebuthathaka, kunokuba nzima ngakumbi ukuyisusa. Kwakhona, umonakalo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ngenxa yosulelo olubi lwaseWest Nile unokuba ngongunaphakade, nokuba intsholongwane ayisekho.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani intsholongwane yeWest Nile?

Iimpawu ezibuthathaka zentsholongwane yeWest Nile zihlala ziphela ngokupheleleyo kwiiveki ezimbalwa . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, ukudinwa kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha bunokuhlala iinyanga. Emva kokosuleleka kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, iimpawu ezinje ngokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ukulahlekelwa kukuva, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba zinokuba zixesha elide okanye zihlale ixesha elide .

Ngaba intsholongwane yeWest Nile iyabulala?

Oku kuyoyikisa kancinci. Phantse umntu omnye kwabalishumi ofumana usulelo lwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo uya kufa.Lilonke, malunga nomntu omnye kwabayi-1,500 abafumana intsholongwane yeWest Nile uyafa. Oko kuthetha ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba ibulale kuphela xa iba mandundu .

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba ucinga ukuba usenokuba unentsholongwane yeWest Nile, bonana nogqirha ngoko nangoko . Angakuxelela oku kulandelayo:

• Ingaba ufuna ukwenza uvavanyo okanye hayi?
• Zithini iimpawu ezinzulu kwaye ungazifumana njani ingqalelo kuzo?
• Indlela yokuzinyamekela ekhaya.
• Ndiza kumbona nini kwakhona?

Ufanele uye nini kwigumbi likaxakeka?

Ukuba unezi mpawu zinzima, yiya kwigumbi likaxakeka lesibhedlele esikufutshane ngoko nangoko :

• Ukuba unentloko ebuhlungu kakhulu .
• Ukuba unomkhuhlane ophezulu (ngaphezulu kwama-39.5 Celsius).
• Ukuba intamo iqinile , iqine kangangokuba isilevu asinakuyiswa esifubeni.
• Ukuba kukho ukudideka okanye ukulahleka kwengqondo.
• Ukuba izihlunu zakho zibuthathaka okanye ungcangcazela .
• Ukuba unesifo sokuxhuzula .

Ndingayibuza yiphi imibuzo ugqirha wam?

Xa ubona ugqirha, kuyanceda ukubuza le mibuzo:

• Kuza kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ndibe ngcono?
• Ndingazilawula njani iimpawu zam ekhaya?
• Zeziphi iimpawu ezinzulu ekufuneka ndizijonge?
• Ndingakubona nini kwakhona?

Amanqaku amafutshane ekufuneka uwakhumbule

Nangona iingcongconi zihlala zicaphukisa, ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthwala iintsholongwane ezinokusigulisa. Ngethamsanqa, ama-80% abantu abafumana intsholongwane yeWest Nile abanazo iimpawu . Kwaye kubantu abaninzi, umngcipheko wokugula kakhulu ngenxa yayo uphantsi kakhulu.

Ukuba uya kwindawo apho kukho iingcongconi, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthatha amanyathelo okuzikhusela kuzo. Ukuba ubonakalisa iimpawu zentsholongwane yaseWest Nile emva kokulunywa yingcongconi, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha . Angakufundisa indlela yokujonga iimpawu ezinzulu aze aphendule nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo.

Khumbula, ukuzikhusela kwiingcongconi yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuzikhusela kwintsholongwane yeWest Nile!

Intsholongwane yeWest Nile, intsholongwane yeWest Nile, iingcongconi, umkhuhlane, usulelo lobuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, iimpawu, uthintelo