Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci uneqhuma esiswini okanye entanyeni elivakala ngathi liqhuma? Okanye ngaba kukho imivumbo okanye amabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ajikeleze amehlo akhe abonakala ngathi ubethwe? Wonke umama okanye utata uyoyika kakhulu kwaye uxhalabile xa ebona into efana nale. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zohlobo lomhlaza olubizwa ngokuba yi-'Neuroblastoma', oluvela ngakumbi kubantwana abancinci. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngaphandle koloyiko kwaye sichaze ngokucacileyo yonke into ekufuneka uyazi.
Yintoni kanye kanye iNeuroblastoma?
Ngamafutshane, iNeuroblastoma luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo yabantwana abancinci kunye neentsana. Imithambo-luvo yomzimba wethu yenziwe ngeeseli zemithambo-luvo ezingavuthwanga ezibizwa ngokuba yi-'neuroblasts'. Umhlaza weNeuroblastoma ukhula kwezi seli zemithambo-luvo ezingavuthwanga.
Amaxesha amaninzi, lo mhlaza uqala kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingavuthwanga kwiindlala ze-adrenal, iindlala ezimbini ezincinci ezifumaneka ngaphezulu kwezintso. Ezi ndlala zivelisa iihomoni ezilawula izinto ezininzi emzimbeni wethu esingaziqondiyo nokuba zenzeka, ezifana nokubetha kwentliziyo, uxinzelelo lwegazi, ukuphefumla, kunye nokugaya ukutya. Ukongeza koku, lo mhlaza unokuqala nakwizicubu zemithambo-luvo emgogodleni, esiswini, esifubeni, okanye entanyeni. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, ezi seli zomhlaza zinokusasazeka ziye kwezinye iindawo zomzimba.
Uqikelelo lomntwana onesi sifo luxhomekeke kwizinto ezininzi, kuquka indawo akuyo umhlaza, ubudala bomntwana, kunye nenqanaba (ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani).
Ingaba esi sisifo esixhaphakileyo?
Hayi, iNeuroblastoma ngumhlaza ongaqhelekanga. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba lolona hlobo lomhlaza luqhelekileyo olubonwa kwiintsana. Esi sifo sidla ngokuvela kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha lo mhlaza ungakhula nangona umntwana esesesibelekweni. Kunqabile kakhulu ukubona lo mhlaza kubantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-10 ubudala.
Amanqanaba eNeuroblastoma ahlulwa njani?
Ukuba umntwana wakho uqinisekisiwe ukuba unale sifo, oogqirha baya kujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani kwaye ukhula ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Oku kuya kuqinisekisa 'inqanaba lomngcipheko' wesifo. Kulapho kuphela apho kuya kukhethwa khona unyango olufanelekileyo lomntwana.
Ngaphambili, eli nqanaba lalimiselwa ngokujonga ukuba ungakanani umhlaza osele emzimbeni emva kotyando. Kodwa ngoku, oogqirha basebenzisa indlela eyamkelweyo kwihlabathi liphela. Kuyo, eli nqanaba limiselwa ngokujonga ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani, ngokusekelwe kwiiskeni (ezifana ne-'CT scan' okanye 'MRI'). Masiziqonde ezi zigaba ngokulula.
| Inqanaba lesi sifo | Icacisiwe ngokulula |
|---|---|
| Isigaba L1 | Eli lelona nqanaba liphantsi lomngcipheko. Umhlaza uphelela kwinxalenye enye yomzimba. Kwakhona, akukho malungu abalulekileyo achaphazelekileyo. |
| Inqanaba L2 | Nalapha, umhlaza uphelela kwindawo enye kuphela. Nangona kunjalo, kusenokwenzeka ukuba usasazeke kwiindawo ze-lymph ezikufutshane. Kwakhona, ngenxa yokuba umhlaza ujikeleze imithambo yegazi emikhulu, kukho impembelelo ethile kwizitho ezibalulekileyo. |
| Isigaba M | Eli lelona nqanaba liphezulu lomngcipheko. Apha, iiseli zomhlaza zisasazeke kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwesinye zomzimba, oko kukuthi, kwiindawo ezikude (isifo esisasazekayo). |
| Isigaba se-MS | Le yimeko ekhethekileyo. Ibonakala kuphela kubantwana abangaphantsi kweenyanga ezili-18 ubudala. Apha, umhlaza usasazeke kuphela kulusu, esibindini, okanye kumongo wethambo. Abantwana abakweli nqanaba banethuba eliphezulu lokunyangwa. Oku kudla ngokuthathwa njengemeko engenabungozi kangako. |
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela?
Isizathu esiphambili soku kukuba iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezingavuthwanga (`ii-neuroblasts`) esithethe ngazo ngaphambili zikhula ngokungalawulekiyo. Xa kwenzeka utshintsho lwemfuza kwezo seli, ezo seli ziqala ukwahlukana kwaye zikhule ngendlela engaqhelekanga. Iiseli eziqokelelana ngale ndlela zenza ithumba. Oogqirha abasazi isizathu esichanekileyo salolu tshintsho lwemfuza.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba oku akubangelwanga yimpazamo yabazali. Kwakhona, kwi-98% - 99% yamatyala, esi sifo asizuzwa njengelifa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe waba neNeuroblastoma ngaphambili, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba umntwana ayenze loo nto. Kodwa ayiqhelekanga kakhulu. Kwakhona, abantwana abazalwa nezinye iingxaki zokuzalwa basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo.
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu ze-neuroblastoma zahlukile kakhulu. Ezinye zinokuqala kancinci kakhulu. Ezi mpawu zixhomekeke kwindawo ekuyo ithumba kunye nenqanaba lesifo. Rhoqo, xa iimpawu zibonakala, umhlaza sele usasazeke kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Nazi ezinye zeempawu eziqhelekileyo:
- Amaqhuma: Iqhuma elivakalayo entanyeni, esifubeni, esiswini, okanye esinqeni. Kwiintsana, amaqhuma amaninzi aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okanye amfusa anokubonakala phantsi kolusu.
- Amehlo: Amehlo abonakala ngathi avele ngaphandle, anombala omnyama/oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ajikeleze amehlo, ngokungathi atyumkile.
- Ukungakhululeki esiswini: Urhudo, ukuqhina, iintlungu zesisu, ukungabi namdla wokutya.
- Ukudinwa kunye nokukhanya: Ukudinwa rhoqo, ukukhohlela, umkhuhlane. Ulusu olukhanyayo. Oku kungenxa ye-anemia, okubangelwa kukuncipha kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi.
- Ukudumba: Isisu sidumbile kwaye sibuhlungu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla: Ingakumbi kwiintsana ezincinci.
- Ubuthathaka: Ubuthathaka emilenzeni nasezinyaweni, ubunzima bokuhamba, okanye ukukhubazeka.
Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, iimpawu ezinjalo zinokubonakala:
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Intlungu emathanjeni, emqolo, okanye emilenzeni.
- Iingxaki ngokulinganisela komzimba kunye nokuhambahamba.
- Iintshukumo zamehlo ezikhawulezayo nezingalawulekiyo.
- Imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiHorner's syndrome, ebonakala ngokugoba kwamehlo kwicala elinye lobuso, amehlo amancinci, kunye nokuncipha kokubila.
Oogqirha bayixilonga njani le sifo?
Le meko idla ngokufunyanwa kubantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 ubudala. Ngamanye amaxesha, eli qhuma lingabonakala kwanangexesha lokuhlolwa kwe-ultrasound ngelixa umntwana esesesibelekweni.
Ugqirha wakho uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi ukuqinisekisa ukuba unesifo.
Uvavanyo lomzimba
Okokuqala, ugqirha uza kumjonga umntwana ngononophelo. Baza kujonga amaqhuma kunye nezinye izinto ezingaqhelekanga. Baza kwenza novavanyo lwemithambo-luvo ukujonga ukusebenza kwenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ukusabela komzimba, kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwayo.
Uvavanyo lweGazi kunye nomchamo
Olu vavanyo luquka ukubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) ukujonga ukuba akukho anemia kunye nezinye iingxaki zegazi, kunye nokujonga amanqanaba eekhemikhali ezithile eziqokelelana egazini nasemchameni xa kukho umhlaza.
I-Biopsy
Okwenziwayo apha kukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicubu esikwiqhubu size silihlolisise phantsi kwe-microscope. Yiyo le nto iqinisekisa nge-100% ukuba yi-Neuroblastoma. Ikwajonga nokuba iiseli zomhlaza ezikwesi sicubu zineziphi na utshintsho olukhethekileyo kwii-chromosomes zazo. Elo lwazi libaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni inqanaba lomngcipheko womntwana kunye nesicwangciso sonyango.
I-Bone Marrow Biopsy
Umongo wethambo yinxalenye ethambileyo engaphakathi kwamathambo ethu amakhulu. Kulapho iiseli zethu zegazi zenziwa khona. Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kumongo wethambo.
Iiskeni zeMifanekiso
Kuyenziwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeskeni ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza uphi, mkhulu kangakanani, kwaye nokuba usasazeke na kwezinye iindawo.
- I-CT scan: Kufakwa idayi ekhethekileyo emzimbeni kwaye kuthathwa uthotho lwemifanekiso ye-X-ray.
- I-MRI scan: Isebenzisa iimagnethi kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zangaphakathi lomzimba.
- I-MIBG scan: Le yi-scan ehambelana ne-Neuroblastoma. Kule scan, kufakwa ikhemikhali ekhuselekileyo ene-radioactive emzimbeni. Le khemikhali iya kwiindawo apho iiseli ze-Neuroblastoma zikhoyo. Emva koko, xa ijongwa ngekhamera ekhethekileyo, kunokwenzeka ukubona ngokucacileyo apho umhlaza usasazeke khona emzimbeni. Nangona kunjalo, malunga ne-10% yeeseli zomhlaza zabantwana aziyifunxi le MIBG. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kusetyenziswa olunye uhlobo lwe-scan olubizwa ngokuba yi-'PET scan'.
- I-ultrasound scan kunye ne-X-ray: Ezi zisetyenziselwa ukufumana umbono ocacileyo wendawo enesimila kunye nempembelelo yaso kwizitho ezingqongileyo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-Neuroblastoma?
Unyango lumiselwa bubudala bomntwana, inqanaba lesifo, inqanaba lomngcipheko, kunye nendawo enesimila. Iqela loogqirha liza kusebenza nawe ukuphuhlisa isicwangciso sonyango esifanelekileyo somntwana wakho.
Unyango ngokwenqanaba lomngcipheko
- I-Neuroblastoma Enomngcipheko Ophantsi: Abanye abantwana abakolu didi, ingakumbi abo bangaphantsi kweenyanga ezi-6 ubudala, banokugcinwa phantsi kweliso likagqirha wabo ngaphandle konyango. Oku kungenxa yokuba ezinye iithumba ziyaphela zodwa ngaphandle konyango. Abanye abantwana banokufuna utyando, i-chemotherapy, okanye zombini ukuze kususwe ithumba.
- I-Neuroblastoma Enobungozi Obuphakathi: Aba bantwana badla ngotyando lokususa ithumba. Ukuba lisasazeke laya kwii-lymph nodes, nabo bayasuswa. I-chemotherapy inikwa emva kotyando. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-chemotherapy inokunikwa ngaphambi kotyando lokunciphisa ithumba.
- I-Neuroblastoma Enobungozi Obuphezulu: Aba bantwana banikwa indibaniselwano yonyango. Oku kungabandakanya i-chemotherapy, utyando, i-chemotherapy enomthamo ophezulu kunye nokufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem, i-radiation, kunye ne-immunotherapy.
Ngokukodwa, abantwana abaneekopi ezongezelelweyo ze-MYCN gene kwiiseli zabo zomhlaza baphathwa njengabasengozini enkulu, nokuba inqanaba lesifo lithini na, kuba le gene inokubangela ukuba umhlaza ukhule kwaye usasazeke ngokukhawuleza.
Masifunde okungakumbi ngeendlela zonyango.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba uqonde ngokucacileyo ukuba loluphi unyango olunikwa umntwana wakho kunye nokuba luya kubandakanya ntoni.
| Indlela Yonyango | Kalula nje, kwenzeka ntoni? |
|---|---|
| Unyango ngamakhemikhali | Oku kuquka ukunika umzimba amayeza athintela iiseli zomhlaza ukuba zingahlukani kwaye zikhule. La mayeza anikwa ngomthambo. Olu nyango lungathatha iiveki okanye iinyanga. |
| Utyando | Oogqirha benza utyando lokususa ithumba elinomhlaza. Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha kusenokungenzeki ukuba lisuswe ngokupheleleyo. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, unyango lwe-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation therapy lusetyenziswa ukutshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli eziseleyo. |
| Unyango lweMisebe | Imitha enamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza okanye ukuthintela ukukhula kwazo. Olu nyango ludla ngokunikezelwa kubantwana abasengozini enkulu ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi emva konyango. |
| Unyango lwe-immunotherapy | Oku kusebenza ngokuqeqesha inkqubo yomzimba yomntwana ukuba ihlasele iiseli zomhlaza ezisele emva kolunye unyango. Amayeza akhethekileyo (ii-antibodies) anikwa ngemithambo yegazi. La mayeza afumana aze anamathele kwiproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-GD2 kumphezulu weeseli zeNeuroblastoma. Oku ke kunika imiqondiso kwinkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuba itshabalalise ezo seli. |
| Ukufakelwa kweeStem Cell | Olu nyango luyinkimbinkimbi. Okokuqala, iiseli ze-stem zomntwana eziphilileyo zithathwa egazini lakhe zize zigcinwe kwisikhenkcezisi. Emva koko, kunikwa i-chemotherapy enamandla kakhulu, enezinga eliphezulu lokubulala zonke iiseli zomhlaza emzimbeni. Emva koko, ezo seli ziphilileyo zigciniwe zibuyiselwa emzimbeni womntwana. Ezo seli ziya kumongo wethambo kwaye zakhe iiseli zegazi ezintsha eziphilileyo kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. |
Lithini ithuba lokunyanga esi sifo? (Ingxaki yokuxela kwangaphambili)
Lo ngumbuzo omkhulu engqondweni yomzali ngamnye. Izinga lokuchacha kwabantwana abane-neuroblastoma liyahluka.
- Izinga lokuchacha liphezulu kakhulu kubantwana abakwicandelo lomngcipheko ophantsi okanye ophakathi , ingakumbi abantwana abancinci. Malunga ne -90% - 95% yabantwana bayachacha ngokupheleleyo.
- Izinga lokuchacha kwabantwana abadala kwiqela elinomngcipheko ophezulu limalunga nama -60% .
Kodwa ungalilahli ithemba. Oogqirha nabaphandi bahlala bezama ukufumana unyango olusebenzayo ngakumbi kweli qela labantwana abasengozini enkulu. Kukho unyango olutsha oluninzi olusele lubonakalise iziphumo eziphumelelayo.
Ngaba esi sifo singathintelwa?
Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela yokuthintela iNeuroblastoma. Ukuba wena okanye iqabane lakho beninale sifo nisengabantwana, okanye ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onayo imbali yaso, thetha nogqirha wakho ngaso. Kodwa khumbula, iNeuroblastoma yelifa ayiqhelekanga kakhulu (yi-1% - 2%) kuphela.
Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?
Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu esizikhankanyileyo, musa ukulibazisa uye kugqirha ngokukhawuleza. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, ukuxilongwa kwangoko kunye nonyango kunokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuchacha komntwana.
Xa umntwana efunyaniswa ukuba unomhlaza, kunokuba nzima kusapho lonke ukujongana nawo. Kuyothusa kakhulu. Kodwa awuwedwa. Oogqirha, abahlengikazi, kunye nabasebenzi abanyanga aba bantwana bazinikele kakhulu. Kwakhona, buza ugqirha wakho ngamaqela enkxaso apho unokuthetha khona nabanye abazali abaye baba namava afanayo. Ukwabelana ngamava nokuva amabali abanye kunokuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Neuroblastoma luhlobo lomhlaza oluvela kubantwana abancinci, ingakumbi iintsana.
- Ukuba umntwana wakho uneempawu ezifana neqhuma esiswini okanye entanyeni, ukubonakala eneentlungu ezijikeleze amehlo akhe, umkhuhlane ongapheliyo, okanye ukungabi namdla wokutya, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Esi sifo asibangelwanga yimpazamo yabazali. Sibangelwa lutshintsho oluzenzekelayo kwimfuza. Akuqhelekanga ukuba sidluliselwe kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Iindlela zonyango ziphucukile. Unyango lumiselwa ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lomngcipheko wesifo somntwana.
- Abantwana abakwiqela elinomngcipheko omncinci banethuba eliphezulu lokuchacha. Unyango olutsha nolusebenzayo luhlala lufunyanwa kubantwana abasengozini enkulu. Soloko uthemba iqela lakho lezonyango.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho