Sonke sijongene neentlobo ngeentlobo zeengxaki kunye nemiba ebomini bethu, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha siyakwazi ukusombulula ezi ngxaki ngeendlela esingazange sicinge ukuba zinokwenzeka. Indlela yesayensi yindlela ebaluleke kakhulu necwangcisiweyo esetyenziselwa oku. Nangona igama livakala ngathi yinto enkulu, enzima, le yinto esiyisebenzisayo kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla ngaphandle kokuyiqonda. Ngoko ke, masithethe kancinci ngale nto namhlanje.
Yintoni kanye kanye iNdlela yeSayensi?
Ngamafutshane, indlela yesayensi luluhlu lwamanyathelo acwangcisiweyo nacwangcisiweyo esiwasebenzisayo ukuphanda izinto esizibonayo ezisingqongileyo size sifumane iimpendulo kwimibuzo ngazo. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kubizwa ngokuba yi-'hypothetico-deductive method', kodwa ungavumeli elo gama likulahlekise.
Iinjongo zethu eziphambili xa sisebenzisa le ndlela zezi:
- Ukubuza umbuzo ngento esiyibonayo nokuzama ukufumana ulwalamano lwesizathu kunye nesiphumo .
- Ukuqokelela ubungqina obuninzi kangangoko malunga noko sikubonileyo. Obu bungqina buza kusinceda sifumane impendulo yombuzo wethu.
- Okokugqibela, sidibanisa bonke obu bungqina sibuqokelele size sibone ukuba singafumana impendulo enengqondo na kumbuzo wethu.
Iingcali zefilosofi uFrancis Bacon noRene Descartes banconywa ngokuyibeka ngokusemthethweni le ndlela kwinkulungwane ye-16 neye-17. Bathi uphando alufanele lwenziwe ngokusekelwe kwiingcamango ebeziqikelelwe kwangaphambili, kodwa ngokuphonononga iinyaniso ngendlela enengqondo.
Ngawaphi amanyathelo enkqubo yesayensi?
Indlela yesayensi yinkqubo yenyathelo ngenyathelo yokusombulula iingxaki. Kukho amanyathelo abalulekileyo esiwalandelayo koku. Masiwajonge ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.
| Amanyathelo | Kalula nje... |
|---|---|
| 1. Ukuqwalasela | Ukunikel' ingqalelo kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo. Kulapho kuvela khona ingxaki kuwe. Mhlawumbi sele unengxaki engqondweni yakho. Kufuneka ufunde iincwadi ezingakumbi ngayo, ubuze abanye, kwaye ufumane ulwazi. |
| 2. Ukubuza umbuzo | Ukubuza imibuzo malunga noko ukubonileyo, njengokuthi "Kutheni oku kusenzeka?" "Kusenzeka njani oku?" Lo mbuzo kufuneka ucace kakhulu. Kwakhona, kufuneka ube nento onokuyitshintsha kuvavanyo (i-variable) kunye nento onokuyilinganisa. |
| 3. Ukwakha ingcamango ethile | Uqikelelo olufundileyo oluphendula umbuzo wakho ngokuthi, "Mhlawumbi yiyo le nto yenzekileyo." Sibiza oku ngokuthi yingcamango. Ingcamango elungileyo yileyo, ukuba ayichanekanga, enokubonakaliswa ingalunganga. |
| 4. Ukujonga | Ukuvavanya ukuba ingcamango yakho ichanekile okanye akunjalo. Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba awukwazi ukuvavanya, kufuneka ujonge kwaye uqokelele idatha. Ekubeni iziphumo zovavanyo olunye zinokuba yinto eyenzeka ngengozi, kungcono ukuyivavanya amaxesha amaninzi . |
| 5. Ukufikelela kwisigqibo | Ukuhlalutya idatha evela kuvavanyo kunye nokugqiba ukuba ingaba ingcamango yakho ichanekile okanye ayichanekanga. Ukuba ingcamango yakho ayichanekanga, ungayisebenzisa ukuphuhlisa ingcamango entsha. |
| 6. Ukwabelana ngeziphumo | Uphando lwezenzululwazi asinto oyenzayo wedwa. Kufuneka wabelane nabanye ngezinto ozifumanisileyo. Ungakwenza oku ngokuzipapasha kwijenali yezenzululwazi okanye ngokuzibonisa kwiingqungquthela. Emva koko, ukuba kukho naziphi na iziphene kwiingcinga zakho, ungazibonisa kwabanye. |
Ngaba masijonge umzekelo wobomi bemihla ngemihla?
Khawucinge ukuba ubeka izilayi ezibini zesonka kwi-toaster ukuze utotise isonka kusasa uze ucinezele iqhosha, kodwa akukho nto yenzekileyo. I-toaster ayisebenzi! Ngoku masisebenzise indlela yesayensi ukusombulula le ngxaki.
- Ukuqwalasela: Itoaster yam ayisebenzi.
- Umbuzo: Kutheni le nto le toaster ingasebenzi?
- Ingcamango: Mhlawumbi bekukho into engalunganga ngeplagi yombane endifake kuyo itoaster.
- Ingqikelelo: Ngoko ke, ukuba uyifake kwenye indawo yokuxhuma, i-toaster kufuneka isebenze.
- Uvavanyo: Ukhupha i-toaster kwiplagi uze uyifake kwenye indawo yokuxhuma ekhitshini.
- Isiphelo: Masithi i-toaster isebenze xa uyifake kuloo ndawo yokudibanisa. Emva koko ingcamango yakho iyaxhaswa . Oko kuthetha ukuba kukho ithuba elihle lokuba ichanekile. Kodwa ukuba i-toaster ayikasebenzi, ngoko ke ingcamango yakho ayilunganga .
- Inyathelo elilandelayo: Ukuba i-toaster ayisebenzi, kufuneka uze nengcamango entsha. Umzekelo, "Mhlawumbi kukho into engalunganga ngentambo ye-toaster." Emva koko ungacela ingcali ukuba iyihlole.
- Ukwabelana ngeziphumo: Nokuba awudingi kubhala iphepha lophando ngento encinci njengale, ungaxelela usapho lwakho ngayo, "Elo candelo lokudibanisa alisebenzi, ungafaki nto kulo." Oko kukwabelana ngolwazi.
Uyabona? Isayensi ayipheleli nje kwilabhoratri. Yindlela esisombulula ngayo iingxaki.
Kutheni indlela yesayensi ibalulekile kuthi?
Indlela yesayensi sisixhobo esiluncedo kakhulu esisinceda sicinge ngengqiqo kwaye sisombulule iingxaki ngokusekelwe kubungqina ngamaxesha onke. Masibone ukuba kutheni oku kubalulekile.
1. Inceda ekusombululeni iingxaki ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo: Le ndlela isinceda sicinge ngendlela ecwangcisiweyo. Xa sibambeke kwingxaki, le ndlela ecwangcisiweyo isinceda sibone apho siphosise khona.
2. Kunciphisa ukukhetha umntu: Sonke sithanda ukucinga ukuba into esiyicingayo ilungile. Oku kubizwa ngokuba kukukhetha umntu. Kwindlela yesayensi, sikwajonga oko abanye abantu bakufumanisileyo, sixelele abanye oko sikufumanisileyo, size sibavumele ukuba babuze imibuzo. Ke ngoko, oku kusinceda sicinge ngokubanzi, kungekuphela nje ngezimvo zethu .
3. Uphuhlisa Ukucinga Okubalulekileyo: Xa siziqhelisa ukubuza imibuzo, sikhangela ubungqina, kwaye sicinga ngendlela enengqondo, izakhono zethu zokucinga ezingundoqo ziyakhula. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekwenzeni izigqibo kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
4. Ulwazi olutsha luyadalwa: Amayeza amatsha, ubuchwepheshe, nezinye izinto ziyavela emhlabeni ngenxa yophando olwenziwe ngale ndlela yesayensi. Sifunda izinto ezintsha nakwiingcinga ezingachanekanga.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Indlela yeSayensi yindlela ecwangcisiweyo, ethatha inyathelo ngenyathelo yokusombulula iingxaki.
- Oku akupheleli nje kwiilabhoratri, kodwa sisixhobo esinamandla esinokusetyenziselwa ukusombulula iingxaki kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla.
- Amanyathelo ayo aphambili ngala: (1) ukujonga, (2) ukubuza imibuzo, (3) ukwenza ingcamango, (4) ukuvavanya, (5) ukufikelela kwisigqibo, kunye (6) nokwabelana ngeziphumo.
- Le ndlela isinceda sicinge ngendlela enengqondo, sizikhulule kwiingcamango zethu zobuqu, size senze izigqibo ezisekelwe kwiinyaniso.
- Musa ukoyika ukuphosisa ukuba iingcamango zakho azichanekanga. Leyo yinxalenye ebalulekileyo yenkqubo yokufunda.
💬 Comments (0)
Akukho zimvo zithunyelweyo okwangoku. Faka uluvo lwakho apha okokuqala.
Faka uluvo lwakho