Ingaba ukuhamba kwegazi lakho emilenzeni kulungile? (Isalathisi se-Ankle-Brachial - ABI) Masifumanise ngovavanyo!

Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva imilenze yakho ibuhlungu xa uhamba? Okanye uziva ngathi imilenze yakho iyaphela emva kokuhamba umgama omfutshane? Esinye sezizathu zoku kusenokuba kukuvaleka kwemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi emilenzeni yakho. Uvavanyo olulula nolungenabuhlungu lokufumanisa ukuba unezi meko luvavanyo lwe-Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI). Makhe sithethe ngoku ngokweenkcukacha namhlanje.

Yintoni i-Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI)?

Ngamafutshane, le ABI luvavanyo olulula olulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi eqatheni lakho nakwingalo engentla. Ijonga ikakhulu ukuba imithambo yegazi emikhulu emilenzeni yakho, imithambo yegazi, ivalekile okanye inciphile ukuhamba kwegazi ngenxa yamafutha amaninzi (njengokungcola okuvalela umbhobho wamanzi). Oogqirha babiza le meko ngokuthi ``Isifo seMitha yoMzila`` okanye iPAD. NgesiSinhala, ithetha isifo semithambo yegazi engaphandle.

Le meko ye-PAD inokubangela ukuba imilenze ingafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo kunye nezondlo. Kulapho ke iimpawu endizikhankanyileyo ngaphambili, ezinje ngentlungu yemilenze kunye nokungaziva xa uhamba, zivela khona. Ngoko ke uvavanyo lwe-ABI lunokufumanisa ukuba unayo na i-PAD kwaye, ukuba kunjalo, ukuba inzima kangakanani.

Ndifanele ndilwenze nini olu vavanyo lwe-ABI?

Akuyena wonke umntu omele enze olu vavanyo, kodwa ugqirha unokucebisa uvavanyo lwe-ABI ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi zilandelayo:

• Intlungu yemilenze: Ukuba ufumana iintlungu, ukuqina, okanye ukuziva ubuthathaka emilenzeni yakho (amathanga, amathole), ingakumbi xa uhamba okanye uzilolonga, kwaye iyaphela emva kokuhlala okwethutyana nokuphumla.
• Ukuba uneminyaka engama-65 ubudala nangaphezulu: Umngcipheko wokuba ne-PAD uyanda njengoko ukhula.
• Ukuba uphakathi kweminyaka engama-50 nama-64 ubudala kwaye unezinye izinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko:
• Ukuba unesifo seswekile (isifo seswekile).
• Ukuba une-``(Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu)``.
• Ukuba une-cholesterol ephezulu egazini lakho.
• Ukuba usebenzisa icuba (ezifana neecuba, ii-beedis).
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho (umama, utata, abantakwenu noodadewabo) okhe waba ne-PAD ngaphambili.
• Nokuba ungaphantsi kweminyaka engama-50 ubudala, unesifo seswekile kunye nenye into ebangela umngcipheko (kwezo zikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla).

Khawucinge nje, olu vavanyo lwe-ABI lunokuchonga i-PAD ngaphambi kokuba ibe mandundu. Emva koko, unyango lunokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza kwaye luya kuba luncedo olukhulu ekuthinteleni iimeko ezifana ne-"Critical limb ischemia" kunye ne-"Amputation", ezinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu emilenzeni, ngamanye amaxesha zide zifikelele kwinqanaba lokunqunyulwa kwemilenze.

Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo lwe-ABI?

Oku kulula kakhulu. Kufana nokuhlolwa uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi xa uqhele ukuya kugqirha. Kodwa ngeli xesha , balinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi olusezingalweni zakho, emaqatheni akho, nakwimilenze yonke emine.

Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa ngumongikazi.

1. Okokuqala, i-blood pressure cuff ibekwa kwenye yeengalo zakho ezingaphezulu, iqiniswe kancinci, kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi luyalinganiswa njengoko uvuthela kwaye ukhupha umoya.

2. Emva koko linganisa enye ingalo ngendlela efanayo.

3. Okulandelayo, i-cuff ibekwa ijikeleze iqatha lomnye wemilenze yakho kwaye uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa apho.

4. Linganisa omnye umlenze ngendlela efanayo.

Xa ulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi lakho, umniki-nkonzo wakho wezempilo usebenzisa umatshini omncinci we-ultrasound (okwabizwa ngokuba yi-handheld Doppler). Lo matshini umamela isandi segazi elihamba nge-brachial artery yakho, i-dorsalis pedis artery, okanye i-posterior tibial artery. I-pressure gauge ifunda isandi xa sivakala.

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba olu luvavanyo 'olungangenisi ntsholongwane'. Oko kuthetha ukuba akukho naliti okanye amanxeba eluswini. Ngoko ke akukho nto yokoyika. Kulula kakhulu.

Ndingazilungiselela njani ngaphambi kovavanyo lwe-ABI?

Ukuze uvavanyo lube lula kuwe kwaye ufumane iziphumo ezichanekileyo, kufuneka wenze izinto ezimbalwa:

• Musa ukusela nantoni na ene-caffeine (ikofu, iti, iziselo ezibandayo) ngomhla wovavanyo.
• Kuphephe ukusebenzisa icuba (iicuba, ii-beedis) kunye nokusela utywala iyure enye ukuya kwezimbini ngaphambi kovavanyo.
• Musa ukwenza naluphi na uhlobo lomthambo kangangeyure ngaphambi kovavanyo. Nokuba uhamba kancinci kancinci.
• Nxiba impahla ekhululekileyo nekhululekileyo ekuvumela ukuba uveze ngokulula iingalo zakho kunye namaqatha.
• Ngaphambi kokuba uye kuvavanyo, chitha umchamo kakuhle uze ukhuphe isinyi sakho. Oku kuya kukunceda uzive ukhululekile ngexesha lovavanyo.

Enye into ebalulekileyo: Ukuba ukhe watyandwa ngaphambili ukuphucula ukuhamba kwegazi emilenzeni yakho (njenge-vascular bypass), ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uxelele umntu owenza uvavanyo ngaloo nto, kuba oko kunokuchaphazela indlela oluqhutywa ngayo uvavanyo.

Yintoni onokuyilindela ngexesha lovavanyo?

Xa usiya kwigumbi lovavanyo, uza kucelwa ukuba ulale phantsi uphumle imizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-30 ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo luqale. Oku kwenzelwa ukunceda umzimba wakho uzole kwaye uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luzinze. Kuya kufuneka ulale phantsi iingalo nemilenze yakho ithe tye kulo lonke uvavanyo. Ngamanye amaxesha, imiqamelo emincinci iya kubekwa phantsi kweengalo zakho namaqatha, iwaphakamise aye kumgangatho wentliziyo yakho. Oku kuya kuvumela ukufundwa koxinzelelo lwegazi ngokuchanekileyo.

Emva koko, njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, umsebenzi wezonyango:

1. Uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi luya kulinganiswa ngengalo enye.

2. Emva koko, uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa eqakaleni lomlenze kwicala elifanayo nelo lengalo.

3. Okulandelayo, uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa eqakaleni lomnye umlenze.

4. Okokugqibela, uxinzelelo lwegazi lulinganiswa kwelinye ingalo.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ufuna ukufumana ulwazi oluchanekileyo, ungaluthatha olu vavanyo ngaphezu kwesinye. Umboneleli wakho wezempilo uza kukuxelela ngale nto. Yonke inkqubo yokulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi idla ngokuthatha ixesha elifutshane kakhulu, malunga nemizuzu eli-10 ukuya kwengama-20. Yiyo loo nto, uvavanyo luphelile!

Ngaba kukho naziphi na iingozi ngolu vavanyo?

Uvavanyo lwe-ABI luvavanyo olukhuselekileyo kakhulu. Ngokubanzi akukho zingozi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unayo nayiphi na kwezi meko, qiniseka ukuba uxelele ugqirha wakho kwangaphambili:

• Ukuba unamanxeba okanye izilonda ezingekapholi emilenzeni yakho: Akulunganga ukufaka i-cuff kwindawo enjalo, ngoko ke abasebenzi bezonyango baya kuyiphepha loo ndawo okanye basebenzise enye indlela.
• Ukuba kutshanje ukhe wenza utyando lwe-vascular bypass emlenzeni wakho: Ukugoba indawo enjalo kunokuba yingozi kwaye kunokubangela amahlwili egazi.

Xa ezi zinto zithethwa, iqela lezonyango lithatha amanyathelo afunekayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni emva kovavanyo?

Ungaqhubeka nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo kwangoko emva kokuba uvavanyo lugqityiwe. Akukho kuphumla kufunekayo. Ngamanye amaxesha abasebenzi bezonyango abenze uvavanyo baya kukwazi ukukunika impendulo malunga neziphumo. Ngaphandle koko, kuya kufuneka udibane nogqirha oye wayalela uvavanyo ukuze kuxoxwe ngeziphumo.

Libalwa njani eli xabiso le-ABI?

Kulungile, ngoku makhe sibone indlela yokubala eli xabiso le-ABI. Oku kungabonakala ngathi kungokwezibalo, kodwa kulula kakhulu.

Ngamafutshane, umlinganiselo ophezulu woxinzelelo lwegazi oluphindwe kabini eqatheni lakho (i-systolic - inani eliphezulu lovavanyo loxinzelelo lwegazi) wahlulwe ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wovavanyo loxinzelelo lwegazi oluphindwe kabini. Yiyo loo nto i-ABI iyiyo.

Umzekelo, cinga ngoku:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi lwakho eqatheni lakho lasekhohlo yi-105/65 mmHg, kwaye eqatheni lakho lasekunene yi-100/60 mmHg.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi olungalweni yakho yasekhohlo yi-130/85 mmHg, kwaye engalweni yakho yasekunene yi-125/80 mmHg.

Ngoku ukuze sifumane ixabiso le-ABI, sithatha elona nani liphezulu (`(systolic)`) elithathwe kwindawo nganye.

• Ixabiso eliphezulu le-``(systolic)`` ukusuka eqakaleni: 105 mmHg
• Ixabiso eliphezulu le-`(systolic)` elivela ezandleni: 130 mmHg

Ngoku kufuneka sahlule ixabiso leqakala (105) ngexabiso lesandla (130).

105 ÷ 130 = 0.807 (malunga ne-0.8)

Ngoko ke, kulo mzekelo, ixabiso le-ABI yi-0.8.

Zithini ezi ziphumo?

Ixabiso le-ABI olifumanayo likunika umbono wemeko yemithambo yegazi emilenzeni yakho.

• 1.0 ukuya ku-1.3: Eli lixabiso eliqhelekileyo . Lithetha ukuba imilenze yakho inokujikeleza kwegazi okuhle.
• 0.9 ukuya kwi-1.0: Eli lixabiso elilinganiselweyo . Oku kuthetha ukuba i-PAD isondele ekuphuhliseni. Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila lunokucetyiswa.
• 0.7 ukuya ku-0.9: Le yimeko ye-PAD ethambileyo .
• 0.4 ukuya ku-0.7: Le yimeko ye-PAD ephakathi .
• Ukuba ingaphantsi kwe-0.4: Le yi -PAD enzima . Okwangoku, kunokubakho iimpawu ezingaphezulu.

Ukuba ixabiso le-ABI liyi-0.9 okanye ngaphantsi, oko kuthetha ukuba une-PAD.

Ngamanye amaxesha ixabiso le-ABIInokuba ngaphezulu kwe-1.4. Ukuba kunjalo, oko kuthetha ukuba imithambo yegazi yakho (imithambo yegazi) iye yaba nzima kancinci, "i-calcified" (njengamatye). Oku kunokwenzeka njengoko ukhula, kubantu abanesifo seswekile (iswekile), okanye kubantu abanesifo sezintso. Xa imithambo inzima ngolu hlobo, kunzima ukufumanisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba unayo na i-PAD ngovavanyo lwe-ABI. Ukuba kunjalo, ugqirha wakho uya kuyalela ezinye iimvavanyo (umzekelo, uvavanyo lwe-"Toe-Brachial Index - TBI)" - olulinganisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kunyawo olukhulu).

Uphando lufumanise ukuba abantu abane-ABI engaphezulu kwe-1.4 basengozini enkulu yokufa ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo. Ngoko ke, nokuba ixabiso liphantsi okanye liphezulu, ukuba lingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngalo mba.

Ndifanele ndibize ugqirha wam nini?

Ukuba awufumani ziphumo zakho emva nje kovavanyo lwakho lwe-ABI, qiniseka ukuba wazise ugqirha wakho.

Ngokuxhomekeke kwiziphumo zakho ze-ABI, ugqirha wakho unokucebisa uvavanyo olongezelelweyo, unyango, okanye utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila (njengokutya, umthambo, kunye nokuyeka ukutshaya).

Ukuba i-ABI yakho ingaphandle komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela uvavanyo lwe-ABI oluphindaphindwayo ngamanye amaxesha ukuze abone ukuba i-PAD yakho iya isiba mandundu okanye ukuba iya isiba ngcono na ngonyango.

Okokugqibela, izinto ekufuneka uzikhumbule

Ngoko ke ngoku uyazi ukuba olu vavanyo lwe-ABI luvavanyo olulula kakhulu, olungenazintlungu, nolubaluleke kakhulu. Lunokukuxelela kwangethuba ngemeko yemithambo yegazi emilenzeni yakho, ingakumbi ukuba unesifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-PAD.

Akukho sizathu sokoyika. Akukho naliti, akukho kusikwa, akukho sixhobo sokubulala iintlungu. Ukuba ugqirha wakho ukuxelela ukuba wenze olu vavanyo, ngokuqinisekileyo lwenze. Luya kunceda kakhulu impilo yakho. Ukuba kufunyenwe isifo, unyango olufunekayo lunokuqaliswa ngokukhawuleza.

Ukuba uneminye imibuzo malunga noku, ungabi nantloni ubuze ugqirha wakho. Hlala usempilweni!

I- ABI, i-Ankle-Brachial Index, i-PAD, isifo se-Peripheral Artery, iintlungu zomlenze, uxinzelelo lwegazi, uvavanyo lwe-arterial