Ngaba sele ukhe wahlolwa i-hemoglobin yakho? Makhe sithethe ngovavanyo lwe-Hemoglobin Electrophoresis!

Molo! Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngovavanyo lwegazi olunokuba lutsha kuwe, kodwa lubaluleke kakhulu ekuxilongeni ezinye izifo. Olu luvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yiHemoglobin Electrophoresis . Mhlawumbi ugqirha wakho ukucelile ukuba wenze olu vavanyo, okanye ukhe waliva eli gama ndaweni ithile. Nangona igama lide kancinci, ungoyiki! Kulula kakhulu. Siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokucacileyo kweli nqaku namhlanje.

Yintoni iHemoglobin Electrophoresis?

Ngamafutshane, le yindlela yokuhlalutya iproteni ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin ngaphakathi kweeseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi. Ungakhumbula ukuba i-hemoglobin yiproteni ebalulekileyo ethwala ioksijini emizimbeni yethu kwaye inike iiseli ezibomvu zegazi umbala wazo obomvu. Ukuveliswa ngokufanelekileyo kwale hemoglobin kulawulwa ziijini zethu.

Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha, utshintsho oluthile, okanye utshintsho oluthile, lunokwenzeka kwiijini ezilawula i-hemoglobin. Xa oku kusenzeka, endaweni yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi eziphilileyo, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezonakeleyo nezingasebenzi kakuhle ziqala ukwakheka. Ezi seli ezonakeleyo ziyaqhekeka ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo enokukhokelela kwiimeko ezifana ne -anemia , okanye izifo ezinzulu ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne -sickle cell anemia kunye ne-thalassemia .

Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis luvumela oogqirha ukuba bafumanise ukuba zikhona na iimeko ezinjalo. Kwakhona, olu vavanyo lolunye lovavanyo olumbalwa olwenziwa kwiintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa. Lunceda ekufumaneni izifo ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinokuba yingozi njenge-sickle cell anemia kwangethuba.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kovavanyo lwe-hemoglobin kunye ne-hemoglobin electrophoresis?

Kulapho ke abantu abaninzi badideka khona. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-hemoglobin lulinganisa ubungakanani be-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi. Oko kukuthi, lujonga ukuba i-hemoglobin yakho iphantsi, iphezulu, okanye iqhelekile na.

Nangona kunjalo, uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis lwenza into enzulu kakhulu kunoko. Luhlalutya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin kwiiseli zakho ezibomvu zegazi, kunye nokuba ingakanani uhlobo ngalunye olukhoyo. Ngaba uyayiqonda umahluko? Omnye ujonga ubungakanani, omnye ujonga iintlobo kunye nobungakanani bezo ntlobo.

Ngoko ke, zeziphi ezi ntlobo ze-hemoglobin?

Oogqirha badla ngokugxila kwiintlobo ezine eziphambili ze-hemoglobin kolu vavanyo. Masifunde kancinci ngazo.

• IHemoglobin A1 kunye ne-A2 (HgbA1 kunye ne-HgbA2): Olu hlobo lwehemoglobin, olubizwa ngokuba yihemoglobin A1, lolona hlobo luninzi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi zomntu omdala osempilweni. IHemoglobin A2 luhlobo oluncinci, olumalunga ne-2% ukuya kwi-3% yehemoglobin iyonke. Ezi zikwabizwa ngokuba "ziihemoglobin zabantu abadala."

• IHemoglobin F (HgbF): Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi "Fetal Hemoglobin"Njengoko igama lisitsho, olu hlobo lwe-HgbF lufumaneka kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi zeemveku, iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, kunye nabantwana abaneminyaka engaphantsi kwemi-3 ubudala. Nangona kunjalo, kunokuba yinto engaqhelekanga ukuba nenqanaba eliphezulu kakhulu kuneliqhelekileyo le-HgbF egazini lomntu omdala.

• IHemoglobin S (HgbS): Olu hlobo lwehemoglobin luphawu oluphambili lwe -sickle cell anemia . I-sickle cell anemia yimeko enzima ekwiqela lezifo ze-sickle cell . Le meko ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu baseAfrika . I-HgbS ibangela ukuba iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshintshe zibe yimo ye-sickle, enokuvala imithambo yegazi.

• IHemoglobin C (HgbC): Olu hlobo lwehemoglobin lunxulunyaniswa nemeko ebizwa ngokuba yi -hemolytic anemia . Le yimeko apho iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zitshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza kuneeseli eziqhelekileyo okanye ubomi bazo bufutshane. Njenge-sickle cell anemia, le meko yeHgbC ikwaxhaphake kakhulu kubantu abazalwa eAfrika .

Ngoku kuyacaca kuwe ukuba kukho iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin, kwaye uhlobo ngalunye lunemisebenzi kunye nemiphumo ethile.

Lwenziwa njani olu vavanyo? Ithathwa njani isampuli yegazi?

Ukuze senze olu vavanyo, sidinga isampuli yegazi kuphela. Oogqirha, kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokuthatha le sampuli yegazi. Masibone ukuba zeziphi.

1. Ukutsalwa kwegazi kwimithambo yegazi

Le yindlela eqhelekileyo esetyenziswayo ukuqokelela igazi kubantu abadala nakubantwana abadala. Usenokuba unike igazi ngale ndlela.

• Okokuqala, umongikazi okanye ugqirha uza kucoca indawo apho umthambo wakho ukhona engalweni yakho ngotywala.
• Emva koko, bafaka i-tourniquet engalweni yakho, bayiqinise, baze bakucele ukuba ucinezele ingalo yakho. Oku kuya kwenza imithambo ibonakale ngakumbi kwaye kube lula ukutsala igazi.
• Okulandelayo, umongikazi ufaka inaliti emthanjeni. Kule ndawo, ungaziva intlungu encinci, njengokulunywa imbovane. Kodwa ihlala imizuzwana embalwa kuphela.
• Qokelela inani elifunekayo legazi kwibhotile encinci uze ulithumele kwilebhu ukuze livavanywe.
• Emva kokuba igazi litsaliwe, kufakwa iplasta encinci kwindawo apho inaliti ifakwe khona. Indawo isenokuba nenxeba elincinci kwaye inokuba luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa. Oku kuqhelekile, ungakhathazeki.

2. Intonga yeminwe

Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa xa kuthathwa isampuli yegazi kubantwana abancinci.

• Oku kuquka ukuhlaba umntwana ngesixhobo esincinci uze uthathe amathontsi ambalwa egazi.
• Isampuli yegazi ifakwa kumgca wovavanyo owenziwe ngokukodwa okanye kwibhotile encinci.
• Ngamanye amaxesha, kukho izixhobo ezinokuqokelela igazi zize zilibeke ngaxeshanye. Le yindlela ekhawulezayo nelula kakhulu.

3. Intonga yesithende

Oku kwenziwa njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo yosana olusandul’ ukuzalwa. Olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa kwiiyure ezingama-48 emva kokuzalwa komntwana.

• Kule meko, kufakwa inaliti encinci ngaphantsi kwesithende somntwana kwaye kufunyenwe amathontsi ambalwa egazi.
• Ngeli xesha, umama okanye utata angambamba umntwana. Emva koko umntwana uya kuziva ekhululekile.
• Isampuli yegazi iyaqokelelwa ize ithunyelwe kwilebhu emva kokuba igcotshwe kwisiqwenga sephepha.
• Olu vavanyo lusetyenziselwa ukuhlola iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ukuze zibone iimpawu zeemeko ezingaqhelekanga kodwa ezinokunyangwa ezifana ne-sickle cell anemia, nto leyo ethetha ukuba zine-hemoglobin engaqhelekanga.

Iza kuhlaziywa njani le sampuli yegazi kwilebhu?

Kulungile, ngoku sithathe isampuli yegazi. Kwenzeka ntoni emva koko? Kwilebhu, ezi ntlobo ze-hemoglobin zahlulwe kwaye zichongwe ngendlela enomdla kakhulu. Oko kubizwa ngokuba kukusetyenziswa kwee-electrical charges . Iintlobo eziphambili ze-hemoglobin zine-electrical charges ezahlukeneyo.

Nantsi indlela olu vavanyo oluhlala lusebenza ngayo:

• Okokuqala, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi zahlulwe kwisampuli yegazi zize zinyibilike. Le sampuli yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezinyibilikisiweyo ibekwa kwistrip ekhethekileyo, njengomcu we-cellulose .
• Emva koko, umcu oqulethe isampuli ufakwa kumatshini obizwa ngokuba yi-electrophoresis chamber . Lo matshini udlulisa umbane kwisampuli.
• Ngokuphendula kumbane, iintlobo ze-hemoglobin ezineentlawulo zombane ezahlukeneyo ziyahlukana kwaye zihamba ecaleni komcu ngesantya esahlukileyo.
• Ekugqibeleni, ezi ntlobo ze-hemoglobin ezahluliweyo zibonakala njengeebhanti ezinemibala eyahlukeneyo kwistrip.
• Okulandelayo, iingcali zonyango zithelekisa ezi ziphumo zovavanyo neziphumo zesampuli eqhelekileyo ye-hemoglobin evela kumntu ophilileyo.
• Ukuba inqanaba lohlobo oluthile lwe-hemoglobin liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu kunesiqhelo, oko kungaba luphawu lokuphazamiseka kwegazi. Umzekelo, ukuba uhlobo lwakho lwe-hemoglobin S (HgbS) lubonakala lwahlukile kolomntu oqhelekileyo, kungaba luphawu lokuba une-sickle cell anemia.

Cinga ngale ndlela, njengaxa uphosa amatye anqabileyo anobunzima obahlukeneyo kumlambo wamanzi, la matye ahamba imigama eyahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kubunzima bawo. Apha, umbane usebenza njengaloo "mlambo wamanzi."

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-isoelectric focus (IEF) kunye ne-electrophoresis?

I-Isoelectric focus (IEF) yenye indlela esetyenziselwa ukuchonga iintlobo ze-hemoglobin ezingaqhelekanga. Zombini i-IEF kunye ne-electrophoresis zisebenzisa i-electric currents ukwahlula iintlobo ze-hemoglobin. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko othile wobuchwephesha phakathi kwezi ndlela zimbini. Ngamanye amaxesha, zombini ezi ndlela zingasetyenziswa ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo iintlobo ze-hemoglobin.

Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba ingxelo ifike?

Uvavanyo lungathatha malunga neyure ukugqitywa kwilebhu. Nangona kunjalo, kungathatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba ugqirha wakho afumane iziphumo, azihlole, aze akuchazele zona. Ngoko ke ungalindeli ingxelo kwangoko emva kovavanyo. Ugqirha uza kukuxelela usuku ekufuneka uze ngalo ukuza kuthatha ingxelo.

Ithetha ukuthini ingxelo yam? Ndiyiqonda njani?

Le yeyona nto ibalulekileyo. Ingxelo yakho ye-hemoglobin electrophoresis iya kudwelisa uluhlu oluthile lohlobo ngalunye lwe-hemoglobin. Umzekelo, ukuba inqanaba lakho le-hemoglobin F (HgbF) liphezulu kakhulu kunesiqhelo, inokuba luphawu lohlobo oluthile lwe-thalassemia.

Kodwa, kufuneka ukhumbule oku kakuhle:

Musa ukwenza isigqibo malunga naso nasiphi na isifo ngokusekelwe kumanani akwingxelo. Leyo yinxalenye enye kuphela yokuxilongwa. Umntu ofanelekileyo ukuqonda kakuhle oko kukwingxelo yakho nendlela echaphazela ngayo impilo yakho ngugqirha wakho . Uza kuqwalasela yonke into ukususela kwiimpawu zakho, ezinye iziphumo zovavanyo, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango ukuze enze ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo.

Ukuba kukho izinto ezingaqhelekanga kwingxelo yam, ngaba ndifanele nditsalele ugqirha umnxeba?

Ewe, ngokuqinisekileyo. Ukuba wenze olu vavanyo lwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis ngenxa yeempawu (umz., ukudinwa rhoqo, ukuba mdaka, ukuphefumla kancinci), kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuze uxoxe ngeziphumo zengxelo.

Uvavanyo lwe-hemoglobin electrophoresis lusinika umfanekiso weentlobo ze-hemoglobin egazini lakho ngelo xesha. Amanqanaba e-hemoglobin yindlela yokuvavanya le protein ibalulekileyo kwiiseli zethu ezibomvu zegazi. Utshintsho olungaqhelekanga kwinqanaba lohlobo oluthile lwe-hemoglobin lunokuba luphawu lokuba unokuba unemeko yempilo.

Ukuba iziphumo zovavanyo lwakho okanye zomntwana wakho zibonisa isifo esinzulu, kulula ukuba uxinezeleke kwaye woyike ngokujonga nje umfanekiso. Ingakumbi ukuba iphathelele impilo yomntwana wakho omncinci okanye usana olusandul’ ukuzalwa, kuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuziva uxinezelekile. Kodwa zama ukujonga umfanekiso omkhulu endaweni yokoyika. Umntu ofanelekileyo ukukunceda ngaloo nto ngugqirha wakho. Angachaza indlela olu "mfanekiso" oluhambelana ngayo nempilo yakho iyonke kunye nento ekufuneka uyenze ngokulandelayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ndiyathemba ukuba ngoku uyiqonda kakuhle i-hemoglobin electrophoresis test esiyixoxe ngayo namhlanje. Nazi izinto ezimbalwa ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis luvavanyo olukhethekileyo lwegazi oluchonga iintlobo ezahlukeneyo ze-hemoglobin egazini kunye nobungakanani bazo.
• Oku kunceda ekuxilongeni izifo ezinxulumene negazi ezifana ne -sickle cell anemia kunye ne-thalassemia .
• Usana olusandul' ukuzalwaOku kwenziwa njengenxalenye yokuhlolwa kwempilo.
• Iintlobo ze-hemoglobin zahlulwa ngokuthatha isampuli yegazi kunye nokusebenzisa umbane .
• Soloko uthetha nogqirha wakho, ungazami ukuqonda iziphumo zengxelo ngokwakho.
• Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, ungoyiki kwaye ulandele imiyalelo kagqirha wakho. Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko linyathelo lokuqala lonyango oluphumelelayo.

Siyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Hemoglobin Electrophoresis, i-Hemoglobin, iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, i-anemia, i-Sickle Cell Anemia, i-Thalassemia