Ngaba umntwana wakho omncinci akajongi emva xa ebizwa ngegama lakhe? Ngaba akanamdla wokudlala nabanye abantwana? Okanye wenza into efanayo rhoqo? Xa ubona izinto ezinje, ungaziva ukhathazekile kwaye woyika kancinci. Kuqhelekile kakhulu. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesihloko esinxulumene neempawu ezinjalo, esikhathaza abazali abaninzi. Oko kukuthi, isifo se-autism, okanye ngokwezonyango, isifo se-autism spectrum disorder (ASD).
Yintoni kanye kanye i-autism?
Ngamafutshane, i-autism sisifo sophuhliso esichaphazela indlela umntu athetha ngayo, aziphatha ngayo, kwaye asebenzisana ngayo nabanye. Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba i-autism ayisosifo. Ayinakuphiliswa, kodwa ngenkxaso kunye nonyango olufanelekileyo, umntwana onesi sifo unokuphila ubomi obuphumelelayo nobonwabisayo.
Igama elithi "spectrum" lisetyenziswa kuba ayinguye wonke umntu onesi sifo ofanayo. Abanye abantu baneempawu ezincinci kakhulu, ngelixa abanye banokuba neempawu ezenza kube nzima kubo ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho bantwana babini abanale meko bafana.
Zithini izizathu ze-autism?
Izazinzulu azikafumani mpendulo ichanekileyo ngokupheleleyo kulo mbuzo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano olukhulu lwemfuza .
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho, njengomama, utata, umnakwabo, okanye udade wabo, onayo le meko, kukho ithuba lokuba nomntwana naye uza kuba nayo. Nangona kunjalo, oku akusoloko kunjalo.
- Ezinye iimeko zemfuza: Malunga ne-10% yabantwana abane-autism banezinye iimeko zemfuza, ezifana ne-Down syndrome okanye i-fragile X syndrome.
- Ubudala bomzali: Ezinye izifundo zifumanise ukuba xa abazali bekhula ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kokukhona umngcipheko uba mkhulu.
- Amayeza ngexesha lokukhulelwa: Kukho ubungqina bokuba ukusetyenziswa kwamayeza athile anikwe ngugqirha ngexesha lokukhulelwa, ingakumbi amayeza okudambisa iintlungu e-opioid, nako kungaba yingozi.
Into ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kukuba ezi zizinto nje ezinobungozi. Akuthethi ukuba umntwana uza kuba ne-autism kuba nje enazo ezi zinto. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuba akukho nxibelelwano lwesayensi phakathi kwezitofu kunye ne-autism.
Abanye abantwana baqala ukubonisa ezi mpawu kwiinyanga ezimbalwa emva kokuzalwa. Abanye banokukhula ngokwesiqhelo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala okanye kwiminyaka baze baqale ukubonisa ezi mpawu. Abazali badla ngokubona utshintsho oluthile xa beneminyaka emibini ubudala, kwaye xa beneminyaka emibini ubudala, malunga ne-80%-90% yabazali bayayiqonda ingxaki.
Ndingayazi njani ukuba umntwana wam uneempawu ze-autism?
Kwi-autism, kukho iindawo ezintathu eziphambili apho umahluko unokubonwa khona: ubudlelwane bezentlalo, unxibelelwano, kunye nokuziphatha. Masizijonge ngokwahlukeneyo ezi zinto.
| 1. Iimpawu ezinokubonwa kubudlelwane bezentlalo | |
|---|---|
| Ayiphenduli igama | Nokuba sele enonyaka omnye ubudala, akajongi ngasemva xa kubizwa igama lakhe. |
| Ukukhetha ukuba wedwa | Ukungafuni ukuthetha, ukudlala, okanye ukwabelana ngezinto nabanye. |
| Ukungathandi ukuchukunyiswa ngokwenyama | Ukungafuni okanye ukwala ukugonwa okanye ukubanjwa ngumntu. |
| Ukudibana Kwamehlo Okubi | Ukuphepha ukujongana ngqo emehlweni xa uthetha okanye ngamanye amaxesha. |
| Ubunzima bokuqonda iimvakalelo | Ukungakwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zomntu nezomntu zosizi nolonwabo. Ukungafuni ukuthuthuzelwa xa ekhathazekile. |
| 2. Iimpawu ezinokubonwa kwincoko nonxibelelwano | |
|---|---|
| Ukulibaziseka ekuthetheni | Ukungathethi amagama afanele iminyaka yabo, okanye ukungathethi konke konke. Abanye abantwana banokuthetha okwethutyana baze balahlekelwe bubuchule. |
| Ukuphindaphinda (i-Echolalia) | Ukuphinda into oyivayo okanye oyithethayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, njengesandi. |
| Ilizwi elingaqhelekanga | Ukuthetha ngelizwi elinye, njengerobhothi, ngaphandle kwemvakalelo. |
| Ukuthetha ngezimelabizo ezitshintshiweyo | Izinto ezifana nokuthetha ngawe njengo "wena" endaweni yokuthetha "Mna". |
| Ayisebenzisi zimpawu zomzimba | Ukungabonisi nto ngesandla sakho, ukungathethi 'tata', nokungaqondi ukuba abanye abantu benza njalo. |
| 3. Utshintsho olubonakalayo kwiindlela zokuziphatha | |
|---|---|
| Ukuziphatha okuphindaphindwayo | Izinto ezinje ngokuqhwaba izandla, ukushukuma, kunye nokujikeleza. |
| Ukulungiswa | Umdla ogqithisileyo kwithoyi enye, ikhathuni, okanye isihloko. |
| Ukunamathela ngokungqongqo kwindlela eqhelekileyo | Ukuzama ukwenza yonke into ngendlela efanayo, ngaxeshanye. Ukucaphuka kakhulu nokuba into encinci njengepleyiti itshintshiwe. |
| Uvelwano | Ukuba novelwano kakhulu kwizinto ezithile, ezinje ngezandi, ukukhanya, okanye ukuchukumisa impahla, okanye ukunganikeli ngqalelo konke konke. |
| Ukutya ngokungxama | Ukukhetha ukutya iintlobo ezimbalwa zokutya. Ukuba ngumntu okhethekileyo ngombala kunye nobume bokutya. |
| Ukuziphatha okungxamayo nokuhlaselayo | Izinto ezifana nokwenza into ngaphandle kokucinga, ukuzibetha okanye ukuzibetha abanye, ukuphosa izinto, njl. |
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?
Okukhona le meko iqatshelwa ngokukhawuleza, kokukhona unokunika uncedo olungakumbi kumntwana wakho. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukukhula komntwana wakho. Ukuba umntwana wakho akafikeleli kwimigangatho yokukhula edweliswe ngezantsi, okanye ukuba uqala ukulahlekelwa zezinye zezakhono zakhe, qiniseka ukuba uthetha nogqirha.
| Ubudala | Izinto ekufuneka uzazi |
|---|---|
| Iinyanga ezi-6 | Ukuba awuhleki |
| Iinyanga ezi-9 | Ukuba imbonakalo yobuso okanye izandi azixeliswanga |
| Iinyanga ezili-12 | Ukuba awuthethi ngokuthetha kakhulu |
| Iinyanga ezili-14 | Ukuba awuzenzi izimbo zomzimba ezinje ngokukhomba okanye ukuthi 'tata' |
| Iinyanga ezili-16 | Ukuba awuthethi nelinye igama |
| Iinyanga ezili-18 | Ngaphandle kokuba udlala umdlalo wokuzenzisa (umz., ukondla unodoli) |
| Iinyanga ezingama-24 | Ukuba awuthethi izivakalisi zamagama amabini |
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngento efana nale, nceda ungayigcini kuwe kwaye ukhathazeke. Bona ugqirha wakho wabantwana okanye ugqirha wosapho ngokukhawuleza uze uthethe ngayo. Baza kukunika isikhokelo ngqo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Autism ayisosifo, yimeko enxulumene nophuhliso lobuchopho . Akukho mfuneko yokoyika okanye ukuba neentloni ngale nto.
- Wonke umntwana wahlukile. Ngoko ke, iimpawu ze-autism zinokwahluka kakhulu ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye. Musa ukuthelekisa umntwana wakho nomnye umntwana.
- Ngokubona le meko kwangethuba nokunika umntwana unyango olufunekayo lokuziphatha nokuthetha, unokubanceda kakhulu ukuba baphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo nokuba mancinci kangakanani malunga nokukhula komntwana wakho, nceda ufune ingcebiso kagqirha. Yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza kuwe nakumntwana wakho.
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