Masifunde ngeSomatic Nervous System, inkqubo emangalisayo elawula izivamvo kunye neentshukumo zomzimba wethu.

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba uzijonga njani izinto kweli hlabathi, ushukumise amalungu akho, kwaye uhambe njani? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenkqubo emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu esinceda kuyo yonke le nto. YiSomatic Nervous System . Isebenza njengesithunywa esithwala ulwazi olujikeleze umzimba wethu. Masibone ukuba yintoni, isebenza njani, kwaye ibaluleke njani kuthi.

Yintoni iSomatic Nervous System?

Ngamafutshane, inkqubo yakho ye-somatic nervous yinxalenye yenkqubo yakho ye-peripheral nervous . Ifana nenethiwekhi yemithambo-luvo ehamba emzimbeni wakho wonke. Yinkqubo ethwala izinto ozivayo, njengokuchukumisa, ukuvumba, ukungcamla, kunye nesandi, ukuya engqondweni yakho, kwaye yinkqubo ethwala imiyalelo esuka engqondweni yakho ukuya kwimisipha yakho ukuze ikuncede ushukume.

Khawucinge nje, kungenxa yale nkqubo yemithambo-luvo eshukumayo ukuze ukwazi ukuva ubushushu bekomityi eshushu yekofu, ukuze ukwazi ukuva xa ingcongconi ikuluma, kwaye ukwazi ukuphakamisa ingalo yakho okanye ukuhambisa umlenze wakho ngendlela othanda ngayo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweenkqubo ze-nervous ze-somatic kunye ne-autonomic?

Kukho iinxalenye ezimbini eziphambili zenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba. Eyokuqala yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic esithetha ngayo. Eyesibini yinkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-autonomic .

• Inkqubo ye-somatic nervous inxulumene nezinto esizilawulayo ngabom . Oko kukuthi, izinto onokuzenza ngengqondo yakho. Umzekelo, ungaphakamisa isandla sakho ukuba ufuna, ungathetha, ungahamba. Ezi zinto ziphantsi kolawulo lwakho.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ezimeleyo yiyo elawula izinto ezenzeka ngokuzenzekelayo, ngaphandle kokuba sicinge ngazo . Izinto ezifana nokuphefumla (nokuba silele), ukubetha kwentliziyo, kunye nokugaya ukutya. Akunyanzelekanga ukuba sicinge ngezi zinto.

Nangona zombini ziyinxalenye yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba, zahlulwe ngale ndlela ngokusekelwe kumsebenzi eziwenzayo.

Kwenzeka ntoni kwinkqubo ye-somatic nervous?

Le nkqubo yenza imisebenzi emibini ephambili.

1. Ukufakwa kweemvakalelo

Ngaphandle kwenye yezimvo zethu ezintlanu (ekukubona, kuba iliso kunye nomthambo wokubona zidibene ngqo nengqondo), zonke ezinye iimvakalelo ziya engqondweni ngale nkqubo ye-somatic nervous.

• Iimvakalelo ezisentlokweni yakho – oko kukuthi , oko ukuvayo (ukuva), ukuvumba, incasa, kunye nokuchukumisa ulusu entlokweni yakho – zonke ziya engqondweni ngale nkqubo.
• Le nkqubo ikwalapho uziva khona uchukumisekile emzimbeni wakho ngaphantsi kwentamo . Ezo mvakalelo ziqala ziye kumqolo, zize zisuke apho ziye engqondweni.

Khawuthelekelele, uva isandi somhlobo ethetha nawe, uvumba ukutya okuphekiweyo ngumama wakho, kwaye ungcamla incasa ye-ayisikhrim konke oku ngoncedo lwale nkqubo yeemvakalelo zomzimba.

2. Ulawulo lokuhamba

Izihlunu emzimbeni wakhoImiqondiso ekuncedayo ukuba ushukume, uchukumise, kwaye uthethe ithunyelwa isuka engqondweni. Inkqubo ye-somatic nervous ithwala le miqondiso isuka engqondweni iye kwimisipha.

Xa uphakamisa ingalo yakho ngabom, unyuka izinyuko, okanye ukhaba ibhola, ingqondo inika umyalelo kuyo yonke le nto, kodwa inkqubo ye-somatic nervous "yintambo yentambo" ethwala loo miyalelo iye kwimisipha.

Inkqubo ye-somatic nervous inceda njani ezinye izitho zangaphakathi?

Le nkqubo idla ngokusinceda sive iintlungu kwizitho zomzimba zethu. Ibizwa ngokuba "yintlungu edluliselwayo." Oko kukuthi, nangona ingxaki ikwindawo enye, iintlungu zivakala kwenye indawo ekufutshane.

Umzekelo omhle kukuba xa umntu ehlaselwa yintliziyo aze afumane iintlungu engalweni yakhe yasekhohlo, emqolo, emhlathini, okanye esiswini. Esinye sezizathu zoku kukwakheka kwenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.

Omnye umzekelo yindlela esilawula ngayo ukuphefumla kwethu. Ngokwesiqhelo, siphefumla ngokuzenzekelayo, okulawulwa yinkqubo yokuzimela. Kodwa ukuba sifuna, sinokulawula ukuphefumla kwethu ngabom, oko kukuthi, ukuphefumla kunye nokuphefumla. Kulapho ke inkqubo yomzimba inceda khona.

Iphi le ndawo?

Inkqubo yakho ye-somatic nervous ivela engqondweni kwaye isasazeka kuwo wonke umzimba ngomthambo womqolo.

• Intloko nentamo: Ezi zisasazeka ngemithambo-luvo yentloko . Ezi ziiperi ezili-12 zemithambo-luvo. Ezili-11 zazo ziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo ye-somatic. I-nerve yesibini yentloko (CN II), eqhagamshelwe emehlweni, ngokwenene yinxalenye yobuchopho, hayi inkqubo ye-somatic.
• Ukusuka entanyeni ukuya ezantsi: Iiperi ezingama-31 zemithambo-luvo yomgogodla ezivela kwintambo yomgogodla ziqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo ye-somatic. Ezi mithambo-luvo zahlulwe ngakumbi zaba yimithambo-luvo emincinci ehamba emzimbeni wonke.

Eminye yale mithambo-luvo yimithambo-luvo . Ithwala ulwazi kwicala elinye kuphela: ukusuka emzimbeni ukuya ebuchotsheni. Eminye yimithambo-luvo yemoto . Ikwathwala ulwazi kwicala elinye kuphela: ukusuka ebuchotsheni ukuya kwimisipha.

Le mithambo-luvo yentloko kunye nemithambo-luvo yomqolo ikhula ibe ngamasebe amancinci ize isasazeke kwiindawo ezifana neminwe, iinzwane, nangaphantsi komphezulu wolusu.

Ibonakala njani le nto?

Yonke inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo ifana nomthi ojonge ezantsi .

• Ingqondo ifana nengcambu yomthi.
• Umqolo ufana nesiqu somthi.
• Inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba – ingakumbi inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic – ifana namasebe kunye namahlumela omthi, isasazeka emzimbeni wonke. Imithambo-luvo ehamba phantsi kolusu lwethu ukuya eziphelweni zamalungu ethu ifana namasebe amancinci emthini.

Yenziwe ngantoni le nto?

Inkqubo yethu ye-peripheral nervous, oko kukuthi, kunye ne-somatic nervous system, yenziwe ngeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zeeseli ze-nerve kunye nezakhiwo.

• Ii-Neurons:Ezi ziiseli zemithambo-luvo. Into eziyenzayo kukulawula imiqondiso, ziyiguqule ibe ziindlela zekhemikhali okanye zombane.
• Iiseli zeGlial: Ezi ziiseli ezixhasayo kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Nangona zingadlulisi imiqondiso, zinceda ii-neurons ezidlulisa imiqondiso.
• I-Nuclei: La ngamaqoqo eeseli zemithambo-luvo ezenza umsebenzi ofanayo okanye ezinxibelelana ngokufanayo.
• I-Ganglia: La ngamaqela amakhulu, anxulumene kakhulu neeseli zemithambo-luvo. Umzekelo, i-cochlear kunye ne-vestibular ganglia, ezisinceda ukuba sive kwaye silinganise.

Ngoku makhe sijonge ezimbini eziphambili ngeenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ii-Neurons - iiseli zemithambo-luvo

Ii-neurons luhlobo olukhethekileyo lweeseli. Zifumaneka kuphela kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zezo zithumela kwaye zamkele imiqondiso emzimbeni wonke. Ezi signali ziza ngohlobo lwemiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali. Ezi signali zisetyenziswa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo emzimbeni ukuze zinxibelelane. I-neuron inala malungu:

• Umzimba weseli: Le yinxalenye ephambili yeseli. Kulapho kusetyenzwa khona imiqondiso ize ithunyelwe kwezinye iindawo.
• I-Axon: I-neuron nganye ine-axon enye. Oku kufana nengalo ende ephuma emzimbeni weseli. Ekupheleni kwe-axon kukho izakhiwo ezifana nezeminwe. Kulapho iimpawu zombane ziguqulwa zibe ziimpawu zeekhemikhali. Ezi zakhiwo ezifana nezeminwe, ezibizwa ngokuba zii-synapses, zidlulisela ezo mpawu zeekhemikhali kwezinye iiseli zemithambo-luvo ezikufutshane.
• Iidendrites: Ezi zizakhiwo ezincinci ezifana namasebe ezisuka emzimbeni weseli. (Eli gama livela kwigama lesiLatini elithetha "njengomthi"). Ezi dendrites zifumana imiqondiso yeekhemikhali evela kwiisynapses kunye nezinye ii-neurons.
• I-Myelin: Le yingqimba ebhityileyo yamafutha ejikeleze ii-axons zee-neurons ezininzi. Ikhusela i-axon kwaye inceda ezinye iimpawu ukuba zihambe ngokukhawuleza.

Ii-neurons zidibene, zenza inethiwekhi entsonkothileyo kakhulu, njengenethi. I-neuron enye ngamanye amaxesha inokudityaniswa namawaka ee-neurons. Ii-neurons ziza ngobude obahlukeneyo. Zinokukhula okanye zinciphe kuxhomekeke kwindawo ezikuyo kunye nento eziyenzayo.

Iiseli zeGlial

Iiseli zeGlial zenza umsebenzi omninzi. Zinceda ii-neurons zikhule kwaye zizigcine ziphilile xa sisebancinci. Zikwalawula indlela ii-neurons ezisebenza ngayo ubomi bethu bonke. Zikhusela inkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo kwizifo, zilawula ulungelelwaniso lweekhemikhali zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo, kwaye zenze i-myelin sheath ejikeleze ii-axons zee-neurons. Okumangalisayo kukuba kukho iiseli ze-glial eziphindwe kalishumi kunee-neurons kwinkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo!

Ziziphi izifo eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela le nkqubo?

Sele sitshilo ukuba inkqubo ye-somatic nervous yinxalenye yenkqubo ye-peripheral nervous. Ngoko ke, imeko echaphazela inkqubo ye-peripheral nervous ibizwa ngokuba yi -peripheral neuropathy.Le nkqubo yomzimba ingachaphazeleka. Oku kuthetha ukuba inkqubo yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze umzimba inesifo okanye yonakele. Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili ezichaphazela oku:

• Uhlobo lwesibini lwesifo seswekile: Isifo seswekile esingalawulwayo singonakalisa inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo yomzimba, ingakumbi imithambo-luvo esemilenzeni nasezinyaweni. Yingakho abantu abanesifo seswekile besengozini yokulahlekelwa zimvakalelo ezinyaweni zabo. Isifo seswekile sesona sibangela siphambili se-peripheral neuropathy.
• Iimeko zokuzikhusela komzimba kunye nokuvuvukala: Umzekelo yiGuillain-Barré Syndrome .
• Iqhenqa (Isifo sikaHansen / Iqhenqa): Nangona esi sifo, esingaqhelekanga kumazwe aphuhlileyo, sibonakala kakhulu eluswini, sinokusasazeka nzulu emzimbeni kwaye sonakalise imithambo-luvo yomzimba.
• Iimeko zokuzalwa kunye nezemfuza: Ezi ziingxaki ezikhoyo ekuzalweni. Iimeko zemfuza zezo zizuzwe njengelifa kubazali.
• Usulelo: Umonakalo wemithambo-luvo unokubangelwa ziintsholongwane ezifana ne-HIV okanye iibhaktheriya ezifana neBorrelia burgdorferi, ebangela isifo seLyme . Omnye umzekelo oqhelekileyo yintlungu yemithambo-luvo engapheliyo eza neeshingles (ngamanye amaxesha ezibizwa ngokuba ziishingles).
• Amayeza kunye neenkqubo zonyango: Amanye amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kunye namayeza e-chemotherapy asetyenziselwa ukunyanga umhlaza anokonakalisa iindawo ezithile zenkqubo ye-somatic nervous. Olu hlobo lomonakalo we-nerve lunokwenzeka njengesiphumo esingeso semva kotyando.
• Iityhefu kunye neetyhefu: Iimethali ezinzima ezinetyhefu ezifana ne -mercury kunye ne-lead zingonakalisa izicubu zemithambo-luvo zomzimba, zibangele iingxaki ngeemvakalelo kunye nolawulo lwemisipha. Iikhemikhali ezininzi ezivela kwimizi-mveliso nazo zinokubangela olu hlobo lomonakalo.
• Ukonzakala: Ukwenzakala okonakalisa imithambo-luvo kunokubangela umonakalo ohlala ixesha elide, ngamanye amaxesha osisigxina, kwizicubu zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic. Xa ukwenzakala kubangela ukudumba, kunokuphazamisa nemithambo-luvo engaphandle. I-Carpal Tunnel Syndrome kunye ne -Sciatica zimizekelo yeemeko ezibangelwa lolu hlobo lokuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo.
• Iithumba: Zombini iithumba ezinobungozi, oko kukuthi umhlaza , kunye neethumba ezingenobungozi, zinokuphazamisa inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo yomzimba, zichaphazele iimvakalelo zakho okanye indlela olawula ngayo izihlunu zakho.

Zithini iimpawu zale meko?

Iimpawu zeengxaki zenkqubo ye-somatic nervous system zixhomekeke ekubeni zeziphi ii-nervous ezonakeleyo.

Xa imithambo-luvo yonzakele:

Nantsi indlela ezichaphazela ngayo izihlunu zakho:

• Ukuqaqamba, ukuqaqamba, ukungcangcazela okanye ukushukuma .
• Ukuwohloka/ukuncitshiswa kwemisipha .
• Ukulahlekelwa lulawulo .

Xa imithambo-luvo yonakele:

Ezi mpawu ziyenzeka:

• Ukulahlekelwa zimvakalelo zokuchukumisa: Oku kunokubangela ukuba uzive uphantsi, njengokunxiba iiglavu. Usenokuba nemvakalelo engaphantsi kobushushu okanye ukungcangcazela, kwaye usenokungazi nokuba ubambe into eshushu. Ukuba le meko ichaphazela izandla okanye iinyawo zakho, unokuba nobunzima bokuhamba, ukugcina ibhalansi yakho, okanye ukubamba izinto ezincinci ezifana neengqekembe okanye izitshixo.
• Ukurhawuzelela okanye ukungaziva kakuhle / I-Paresthesia: Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yimvakalelo "yokurhawuzelela". Kufana nokuba ingalo okanye umlenze wakho uyaziva ungaziva kakuhle.
• Intlungu ye-Neuropathic: Oku kudla ngokuvakala njengentlungu evuthayo okanye ebukhali kwindawo echaphazelekayo. Le ntlungu ibangelwa ziimpawu ezivela kwimithambo-luvo eyonakeleyo okanye engasebenzi kakuhle, kungekhona yinto ebuhlungu ngokwenene ngelo xesha. Le ntlungu inokuba qatha kangangokuba kunzima ukulala kakuhle okanye ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla.

Ziziphi iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo ezenziwayo ukujonga impilo yale nkqubo?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezininzi ezinokunceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic. Rhoqo, into yokuqala oza kuyenza kukuhlolwa kwemithambo-luvo . Ugqirha wakho uza kukucela ukuba usebenzise iindawo ezahlukeneyo zomzimba wakho, ingakumbi iingalo zakho, imilenze, kunye neenyawo, ngeendlela ezithile. Oku kunokubanceda bafumanise ukuba zeziphi iimithambo-luvo, apho kumqolo, okanye inxalenye yengqondo ingxaki.

Ezinye iimvavanyo eziqhelekileyo zezi:

• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu vavanyo lunokufumanisa izinto ezahlukeneyo, ukusuka kwiingxaki zenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ukuya kwiityhefu, ingakumbi iimetali ezifana ne-mercury kunye ne-lead.
• I-EEG (i-Electroencephalogram): Uvavanyo olulinganisa umsebenzi wombane wengqondo.
• Uvavanyo lwe-EMG (i-Electromyogram) / Uvavanyo lokuHanjiswa kweMithambo: Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukusebenza kwezihlunu kunye nemithambo-luvo.
• Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Ingakumbi xa kukho ukurhanelwa kwemeko yokuzalwa enokuthi ifunyanwe ngabazali.
• I-MRI (iMagnetic Resonance Imaging): Uvavanyo olunokuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho, umqolo, kunye nezinye izicwili.

Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zonyango lweengxaki zenkqubo ye-somatic nervous?

Unyango lweengxaki zenkqubo yakho ye-somatic nervous system luxhomekeke kakhulu kwisizathu esiyintloko, naziphi na ezinye iimeko ezinxulumene noko, kunye neempawu zakho. Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukunyanga unobangela weengxaki zenkqubo ye-peripheral nervous system kunokunciphisa impembelelo kwinkqubo.

Nazi ezinye iintlobo zonyango ezinokwenziwa:

• Amayeza: Kukho amayeza amaninzi afumanekayo okunyanga iingxaki zenkqubo yemithambo-luvo yomzimba. La mayeza anokunyanga iimpawu ezifana neentlungu, ukungcangcazela kwemisipha, kunye nokuxhuzula.
• Utyando: Oku kunokukhulula umthambo ocinezelwe zizicwili ezijikelezileyo okanye ukudumba, njengakwi-carpal tunnel syndrome.
• I-TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation): Oku kuquka ukusebenzisa umbane othambileyo ukuphazamisa ukuthunyelwa okanye ukwamkelwa kwemiqondiso yentlungu evela kwimithambo-luvo engasebenzi kakuhle.
• Ukususwa kwemithambo-luvo: Le nkqubo ibandakanya ukonakalisa ngabom imithambo-luvo engasebenzi kakuhle, okwenza ingakwazi ukuthumela okanye ukufumana imiqondiso. Olu nyango luluncedo kwezinye iintlobo zeentlungu ezingapheliyo.
• Unyango Lomzimba: Oku kunokukunceda uphile emva kokwenzakala okanye iinkqubo zonyango, okanye ukunciphisa iimpawu zentlungu. Kunokukunceda ufunde ukuphila, ukuziqhelanisa, okanye ukuziqhelanisa neemeko ezintsha okanye eziya zisiba mandundu ezichaphazela ukukwazi kwakho ukuhamba okanye ukuqonda ihlabathi elikungqongileyo.
• I-Acupuncture: Le ndlela, equka ukufaka iinaliti ezincinci kwiindawo ezithile emzimbeni, yinxalenye eyaziwayo yamayeza emveli aseTshayina. Nangona kunjalo, ukusetyenziswa kwayo kumayeza anamhlanje kuyakhula. Oogqirha abaninzi (ingakumbi iingcali ze-anesthesiologists kunye neengcali zokulawula iintlungu) basebenzisa i-acupuncture ukunyanga abantu abangakwaziyo okanye abangafuniyo ukuthatha amayeza okudambisa iintlungu okanye amanye amayeza.
• Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezinokunxitywa: Oku kuquka izixhobo zonyango ezifana neebraces, iifreyimu zokuhamba, kunye nezihlangu ezenzelwe ngokukodwa. Ezi zilungelelanisa notshintsho emzimbeni wakho kwaye zisakunceda usebenze kwihlabathi elikungqongileyo.

Iimeko ezinje zingaphetshwa njani?

Iimeko ezininzi ezichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic zinokuthintelwa okanye zilawulwe. Nangona ezinye iimeko zingenakuthintelwa, iziphumo zazo zihlala zilibaziseka okanye zincitshiswe. Nazi ezinye izinto onokuzenza ukuthintela, ukulawula, okanye ukulibazisa ezi ngxaki:

• Yitya ukutya okunesondlo: Ukunqongophala kweevithamini, ingakumbi ivithamin B12, kunokonakalisa inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo. Ezinye iivithamini, ingakumbi i-B6, zinokuba yityhefu ukuba zisetyenziswa kakhulu.
• Hlala usebenza ngokomzimba kwaye ugcine ubunzima obusempilweni: Oku kuya kukunceda uhlale unamandla kwaye uguquguqukayo ngokwaneleyo ukuze uphephe ukwenzakala okuninzi okunokonakalisa imithambo-luvo yakho. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa ukuphuhliswa kwesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, ingakumbi ukuba ulawula ukutya kwakho. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa iziphumo zesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini kwimithambo-luvo yakho.
• Nxiba izixhobo zokhuseleko: Ukwenzakala kubangelwa kakhulu kukulimala kwemithambo-luvo, ngoko ke izixhobo zokhuseleko zibalulekile. Nokuba usebenzisa ezi zixhobo emsebenzini okanye ukonwaba, izixhobo zokhuseleko zinokukunceda uthintele ukwenzakala kwemithambo-luvo okanye ukunciphisa ubukhali bayo.
• Lawula iimeko zempilo: Iingxaki zempilo ezingapheliyo, ezifana nesifo seswekile sohlobo lwesibini, okanye ezinye ezichaphazela inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo, zinokunyangwa rhoqo. Ukulawula ezi meko kudla ngokuthetha ukubona ugqirha wakho rhoqo, ukuthatha amayeza, nokunye. Ukulawula iimeko kunokunceda ukuthintela okanye ukulibazisa ukuqhubeka kweemeko ezingapheliyo.

Inkqubo yakho yemithambo-luvo ye-somatic yinkqubo ongacingi ukuyisebenzisa kakhulu, kodwa ibaluleke kakhulu. Kukule nxalenye yenkqubo yemithambo-luvo apho ufumana khona ulwazi malunga nehlabathi langaphandle - ukusuka kubushushu bangaphandle ukuya kwivumba lokutya okuthandayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

Ngoko ke, mhlawumbi ngoku uyaqonda ukuba ibaluleke kangakanani iSomatic Nervous System kubomi bethu bemihla ngemihla. Kungenxa yesi sizathu sokuba sifumane ihlabathi kwaye sihambe ngendlela esiyifunayo. Ukunyamekela le nkqubo kunokwenza umahluko omkhulu kumgangatho wobomi bakho bonke. Ke ngoko, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuzama ukuthintela iimeko ezichaphazela yona, kwaye ukuba unesifo esinjalo, silawule ngeyona ndlela ingcono. Ukuba unemibuzo okanye amathandabuzo, ungalibali ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha.

Inkqubo ye - Somatic nervous, inkqubo ye-nervous, i-sensitive, i-movement, i-peripheral neuropathy, ii-neurons, impilo ye-nervous