Ngaba uziva ungenazimvakalelo okanye uneentlungu kwiindawo ezithile zomzimba wakho? Makhe sithethe ngeedermatomes!

Ngaba wakha wazibuza ukuba kutheni ngamanye amaxesha unesithukuthezi okanye iintlungu kwindawo enye yomzimba wakho? Okanye uziva ngathi awukwazi ukuziva nto kwiindawo ezithile? Isizathu sezi zinto sinokuba sinxulumene needermatomes zomzimba wakho. Kulungile, masithethe ngale nto ngokulula nangendlela ehloniphekileyo.

Zithini iidermatomes?

Ngamafutshane, i-dermatome yindawo ethile yesikhumba emzimbeni wakho. Le ndawo iqhagamshelwe ngqo kumthambo othile womqolo kumqolo wakho. Cinga ngayo le mthambo yomqolo yeyona ndlela iphambili yonxibelelwano ethwala ulwazi oluvela kuloo mthambo ukuya engqondweni yakho, kwaye luvela engqondweni yakho lubuyela kuloo ndawo.

Kufana nesitalato esihamba macala omabini. Ingqondo yakho ithumela imiqondiso kwi-dermatomes, apho unokulawula khona izihlunu zakho. Kwaye imithambo-luvo kwi-dermatomes ithumela imiqondiso ebuchotsheni, apho uziva khona izinto ezifana nokuchukumisa, ubushushu, umkhuhlane, kunye nentlungu. Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko zonyango, olu nxibelelwano lunokukhawulelwa kwicala elinye, okanye luqhawuke ngokupheleleyo.

Kutheni iidermatomes zibalulekile kuwe nakugqirha wakho?

Iidermatomes luhlobo lwethishu enika oogqirha izikhokelo ezibalulekileyo xa bezama ukuxilonga okanye ukunyanga izifo ezithile. Ukuze uqonde oku, cinga ngomqolo wakho njengendlela enkulu. Le ndlela inkulu apho inani elikhulu lemiqondiso yemithambo-luvo lihamba khona phakathi komzimba wakho nengqondo yakho.

Imithambo-luvo yakho yomqolo ifana nee-on-and-off-ramps kule ndlela iphambili. Zilapho imiqondiso yemithambo-luvo ingena ize iphume khona. Ngoko ke, ukuba awukwazi ukulawula izihlunu zakho kwindawo ethile yomzimba wakho, okanye awukwazi ukuziva ubushushu, ukuchukumisa, okanye intlungu, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho into engalunganga nge-spinal nerve. Kufana nokuba ii-on-and-off-ramps zivalekile, kwaye akukho miqondiso ingenayo okanye iphumayo.

Iidermatomes zibalulekile ukunceda oogqirha bafumanise ukuba kukho ingxaki ngamathambo omqolo wakho, umqolo, imithambo-luvo yomgogodla, okanye amasebe emithambo-luvo adibana nawo. Ngokuxhomekeke kwidermatome okanye iidermatomes ezichaphazelekileyo, oogqirha banokususa iimeko ezithile baze bafumanise eyona ifanelekileyo ukukunceda ngokukhawuleza.

Ziphi iidermatomes?

Iidermatomes ziindawo zolusu lwakho ezigcinwa yimithambo-luvo edibana nomqolo wakho. Oko kuthetha ukuba umzimba wakho wonke ugqunywe ziidermatomes, ngaphandle kobuso bakho. Imithambo-luvo ebusweni bakho yahlukile kancinci, kuba ayidluli kwi-spinal cord yakho.

Kwakhona, ngenxa yendlela imithambo-luvo emqolo wakho edibene ngayo, kukho ukufana okuthile, oko kuthetha ukuba ezinye iindawo ziyadibana, phakathi kwedermatome enye kunye nedermatome ekufutshane nayo.Ngoko ke, imvakalelo oyivayo kwidermatome ethile ihamba ngemithambo-luvo emininzi yomqolo ngaxeshanye.

Ukuze uqonde ukuba zifumaneka njani iidermatomes, kufuneka uqale wazi kancinci malunga nokwakheka komqolo. Umqolo wakho wenziwe ngamathambo amancinci (ii-vertebrae) adibeneyo. Imithambo-luvo yakho yomqolo, eyahlukana ibe ngamacala asekunene nasekhohlo, iphuma ngezithuba eziphakathi kwala mathambo omqolo.

Kukho iindawo ezintlanu eziphambili zomqolo wakho:

• Umqolo womlomo wesibeleko: Oku kukwintamo yakho. Kuqulathe amathambo asixhenxe kunye neeperi ezisibhozo zemithambo yomqolo.
• Umqolo wesifuba: Kulapho umqolo wakho ongaphezulu nophakathi wenziwe khona. Une-vertebrae ezilishumi elinambini kunye neeperi ezilishumi elinambini zemithambo-luvo yomqolo.
• Umqolo weLumbar: Oku kufumaneka kumqolo wakho ongezantsi, okanye kumqolo ongezantsi. Kuqulathe amathambo amahlanu kunye neeperi ezintlanu zemithambo-luvo yomqolo.
• Umqolo weSacral: Eli licandelo lomqolo wakho eliqhagamshelana nethambo lakho lesinqe. Kukho amathambo amahlanu apha (ahlala edibana njengoko ukhula), kwaye kukho iipere ezintlanu zemithambo-luvo yomqolo.
• Umqolo weCoccygeal: Kulapho umsila wakho uvela khona. Une-vertebrae ezine - ezi zihlala zidibana xa umntu emdala - kunye ne-nerve yomqolo ezimbini.

Oogqirha babhekisela kwimithambo-luvo yomqolo besebenzisa indibaniselwano yoonobumba-nombolo. Umzekelo, umthambo womqolo wesibhozo womlomo wesibeleko ufinyezwa ngokuthi `C8`. Le ndibaniselwano yoonobumba-nombolo inokubhekisa nakwiindawo apho iidermatomes zikhoyo.

Iidermatomes ezinxulumene nomqolo wesibeleko

Imithambo-luvo yomqolo wakho wesibeleko idibana needermatomes entlokweni yakho, entanyeni, emagxeni, ezingalweni, nakwiminwe.

• C1: Uninzi lwabantu alunawo umthambo womqolo we-`C1`, oko kuthetha ukuba abanawo umthambo we-`C1`. Kwabo banawo, ufumaneka embindini womqolo wentloko.
• Ukusuka ku-C2 ukuya ku-C3: Inxalenye ephezulu yentamo, indawo encinci yesilevu ngaphantsi kweendlebe, kunye nomva wentloko.
• C3 ukuya ku-C4: Intamo esezantsi, isifuba esingaphezulu, kunye nomqolo ongasentla.
• C4 ukuya ku-C5: Igxalaba kunye nengalo engentla.
• C5 ukuya ku-C6: Icala lesithupha sengalo nengalo, kunye nobhontsi ngokwawo.
• C6 ukuya ku-C7: Icala lesithupha sengalo kunye nomnwe wokukhomba, umnwe ophakathi.
• C6 ukuya ku-C8: Icala lomnwe omncinci wengalo nesandla, kunye nomnwe weringi nomnwe omncinci.

Iidermatomes ezinxulumene nomqolo wesifuba

Iidermatome zakho zesifuba zifumaneka kakhulu kwisiqu sakho, esisifuba sakho, isisu, nomqolo. Ngaphandle kweedermatome `T1` (ezikwizingalo zakho zonke) kunye ne`T2` (ezikwizingalo zakho zombini kunye nomzimba), ezinye iidermatome zesifuba zifumaneka kwisangqa esijikeleze isiqu sakho.

• T1 ukuya kwi-T2: Icala lomnwe omncinci webunzi nengalo, isifuba kunye nendawo engasemva ngaphezulu nje kwamakhwapha.
• I-T2 ukuya kwi-T3: Icala lomnwe omncinci wengalo engasentla, kunye nesifuba nomqolo ophezulu, ngaphezulu nje kwamakhwapha kunye neebhleyidi zamagxa.
• T3 ukuya kwi-T4: Isifuba nomqolo kwinqanaba lekhwapha kunye negxalaba eliphakathi.
• I-T4 ukuya kwi-T5: Umphetho ongezantsi wemisipha yesifuba kunye nenxalenye esezantsi yamagxa.
• T6 ukuya kwi-T7: Kwinqanaba lomphetho ongezantsi we-sternum/breastbone.
• T7 ukuya ku-T8: Kwinqanaba lemiphetho yenxalenye esezantsi yembambo.
• T8 ukuya kwi-T9: Inxalenye ephezulu yesisu, kuquka iindawo eziphezulu zemisipha yesisu.
• T9 ukuya kwi-T10: Ngaphezulu kancinci kwinqanaba lenkaba, nakwinxalenye ephezulu embindini womqolo.
• T10 ukuya kwi-T11: Kwinqanaba lembambo nangaphantsi kwayo kancinci, naphakathi embindini womqolo.
• T11 ukuya kwi-T12: Inxalenye esezantsi yesisu, ngaphezulu nje kwenqanaba lamathambo esinqe (i-pelvis), kunye nenxalenye esezantsi yomqolo ophakathi.

Iidermatomes ezinxulumene nomqolo we-lumbar

Iidermatomes kumqolo wakho we-lumbar zidibana neendawo ezisemanqeni, emilenzeni nasezinyaweni.

• Ukusuka ku-L1 ukuya ku-L2: Phezulu kwamanqe, indawo ye-pubic, umqolo wakho omncinci, kunye namalungu esini (`(ipenis)`, `(amasende)`, `(i-vagina)`).
• Ukusuka kwi-L2 ukuya kwi-L3: Izihlunu ezisethangeni eliphezulu nakwimiqolo, kunye nenxalenye ephakathi yomqolo ongezantsi.
• Ukusuka kwi-L3 ukuya kwi-L4: Izihlunu ezikwicala langaphambili nangaphandle kwethanga (i-quadriceps), i-kneecap, umphetho wangaphandle womlenze ngaphezu kwedolo, kunye nomqolo ophakathi ukuya ezantsi.
• Ukusuka kwi-L4 ukuya kwi-L5: Idolo kunye nomphambili wedolo, amacala angaphakathi emisipha yethole kunye nomphezulu wonyawo ophakathi-ongaphambili, kuquka unyawo olukhulu kunye nonyawo lwesibini nolwesithathu.

Iidermatomes ezinxulumene ne-sacral kunye ne-coccygeal vertebrae

Iidermatomes ze-triceps vertebrae yakho ziquka iindawo zeempundu zakho kunye nomva wemilenze yakho. Ii-triceps vertebrae zine-spinal nerve enye kuphela, ngoko ke zine-dermatome enye kuphela enxulumene nazo.

• S1 ukuya kwi-S2: Phezulu kweempundu (kuquka i-gluteal cleft), umqolo ophakathi nowangaphandle wethanga kunye nemisipha yethole, umva weqakala, kunye neenzwane zesine nezesihlanu.
• S2 ukuya ku-S3: Indawo ethe nkqo ehla embindini weempundu, le ndawo idlula kwinxalenye ephakathi yomqolo wethanga nakwinxalenye ephezulu ephakathi yeehamstrings.
• S3 nangaphantsi:Yonke imithambo-luvo yomgogodla ukusuka kwi-S3 ukuya ezantsi (kuquka nemithambo-luvo yomgogodla ye-sacral) iqhagamshela kwizitho zakho zangasese, i-anus, kunye nendawo yesikhumba phakathi kwezi zimbini (i-perineum).

Ziziphi iimeko eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela iidermatomes?

Nangona iidermatome ziindawo zesikhumba, iimeko ezizichaphazelayo zihlala zibangelwa ziingxaki ezinzulu emzimbeni wakho. Ezi ngxaki zichaphazela iidermatome kuba zichaphazela imithambo-luvo ethile yomqolo okanye umthambo womqolo kuloo ndawo. Kwimeko enjalo, nangona umonakalo ulinganiselwe kwindawo ethile, iziphumo zisasazeka kuzo zonke iidermatome ezichaphazelekayo.

Ezinye zeemeko ezinokubangela olu hlobo lomonakalo okanye impembelelo zezi:

• Ukulimala: Ingcambu enye okanye ezingaphezulu zemithambo-luvo yomqolo, okanye idermatomes enye okanye ezingaphezulu, zinokuchaphazeleka kukulimala komqolo wakho. Izizathu eziphambili zale ngozi ziingozi zemoto, ukwenzakala okufana nokuhlatywa okanye amanxeba okudutyulwa, kunye nokuqhekeka komqolo ngenxa yokuwa. Ukulimala ekuzalweni okanye kwiiveki zokuqala zobomi nako kunokubangela oku (umzekelo , i-cerebral palsy ).
• Iithumba zomqolo, kuquka nomhlaza: Lo ungaba ngumhlaza okhula phezu okanye ujikeleze umthambo womqolo, okanye ungaba ngumhlaza oqala kwenye indawo emzimbeni uze usasazeke emgogodleni.
• Ii-cysts okanye imingxunya egcwele ulwelo: Xa ezi zijikeleza umqolo, imeko ibizwa ngokuba yi-syringomyelia .
• Iintsholongwane: Ezi zinokuhlasela ngqo iingcambu zomqolo kunye nemithambo-luvo, okanye zingabangela ukudumba nokudumba. Ekubeni kungekho ndawo ingako yokudumba ejikeleze intambo yakho yomqolo, loo dumba inokubangela uxinzelelo olukhulu kwimithambo-luvo yomqolo okanye intambo yomqolo ngokwayo.
• I-Ischemia: Njengazo zonke ezinye izicwili emzimbeni, intambo yakho yomqolo kunye nemithambo-luvo yomqolo zifuna igazi. Ukunikezelwa kwegazi kunokunqanyulwa ngumthambo wegazi ovalekileyo okanye ukugqabhuka komthambo wegazi.
• Iimeko zokuzalwa: Ezi ziimeko ozalwa nazo. Ezinye iimeko zokuzalwa zichaphazela ulwakhiwo lomqolo wakho, umqolo, okanye imithambo-luvo yomqolo. Umzekelo, iimeko ezifana ne -myelomeningocele okanye i-spina bifida .

Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo zezifo ezichaphazela iidermatomes?

Izifo ezichaphazela iidermatomes zibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kwemithambo-luvo okanye umqolo. Oku kuphazamiseka kunokubangela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo . Ezi mpawu zinokwahlulwa zibe ziindidi ezintathu eziphambili:

• Iimpawu zentshukumo yomzimba (ezinxulumene nokuhamba)
• Iimpawu zeemvakalelo (ezinxulumene nokuchukumisa)
• Iimpawu zokuzimela (ezinxulumene neenkqubo zomzimba ezenzekelayo)

Iimpawu zemoto

• Ubuthathaka bemisipha okanye ukukhubazeka komzimba.
• Iintshukumo zemisipha ezingalawulekiyo ( nokuba kukungasebenzi kwemisipha okanye umsebenzi ongalawulekiyo).
• Ukuwohloka kwemisipha ( ukuphelelwa ngamandla kwemisipha kunye nokuncipha ngenxa yokungasetyenziswa).

Iimpawu zokuva

• Ukuba ndindisholo (Ukurhawuzelela).
• Ukuba ndindisholo.
• Intlungu.

Iimpawu ezizimeleyo

Iinkqubo ezizilawulayo ziimisebenzi yomzimba eqhubekayo rhoqo, nokuba ucinga ngayo okanye awuyicingi. Le misebenzi ibalulekile kuba inceda ekugcineni nasekulawuleni umzimba wakho. Ukuba umonakalo uphazamisa imisebenzi ezilawulayo eya kwi-dermatome, unokufumana iimpawu ezibonisa ukuba umzimba wakho awukwazi ukulawula ngokuzenzekelayo iinkqubo kuloo ndawo. Umzekelo:

• Ukubila kakhulu (i-Hyperhidrosis) okanye ukungakwazi ukubila (i-Anhidrosis).
• Iingxaki zokulawula izihlunu kwisinyi sakho okanye emathunjini, oko kuthetha ukuba awukwazi ukulawula ukuchama kwakho (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba) okanye ukulahla indle (ukungakwazi ukuzibamba).
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle ngokwesondo.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezinokusetyenziswa ukujonga iingxaki ezinxulumene needermatomes?

Kukho iimvavanyo ezahlukeneyo ezinokusetyenziselwa ukuxilonga okanye ukuxilonga iingxaki zemithambo-luvo yakho yomqolo kunye needermatomes ezinxulumene nazo. Ezona vavanyo ziqhelekileyo ziivavanyo zomfanekiso kunye novavanyo lokuqhuba imithambo-luvo. Ezinye zazo ziquka:

• Iiskeni ze-CT (iiskeni ze-CT ezisebenzisa ikhompyutha).
• Iiskeni ze-MRI (iiskeni ze-Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
• Iskeni yeCisternogram.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Electromyogram (EMG).

Ziziphi iindlela zonyango zezifo zesikhumba?

Unyango lweemeko ezichaphazela imithambo-luvo yomgogodla kunye needermatomes ezinxulumene nazo luxhomekeke kwimeko esisiseko kunye neemeko zelo xesha. Ngenxa yokuba iindlela zonyango zinokuhluka kakhulu, ugqirha ngumntu ofanelekileyo ukukuxelela ukuba loluphi unyango olufumanekayo kuwe kwaye loluphi olufanelekileyo. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ukuba unenkxalabo.

Yintoni onokuyenza ukuthintela iingxaki ezinxulumene needermatomes?

Iidermatomes zifana nezibonakaliso zendlela esebenza ngayo i-spinal cord yakho kunye ne-spinal nerves. Ngoko ke, ukuze uzinyamekele, kufuneka unyamekele umqolo wakho kuqala. Gcina ezi zinto engqondweni malunga nempilo ye-spinal cord yakho kunye ne-spinal nerves:

• Sebenzisa izixhobo zokhuseleko, ezifana neebhanti zokhuseleko, njengoko kucetyiswa. Iingozi zeemoto zezona zinto ziphambili ezenzakalisa umqolo. Iibhanti zokhuseleko kunye nezinye izixhobo zokhuseleko zinokunceda ekuthinteleni ukwenzakala okukhulu.
• Phakamisa ngokukhuselekileyo. Ukuphakamisa ngemilenze yakho endaweni yokuphakamisa umqolo wakho kunokunceda ukuthintela ukwenzakala kumqolo wakho nakwimithambo-luvo yomqolo (njengediski ehluthwe yi-herniated) . Ukuba unembali yeengxaki zomqolo, ingakumbi ukuba wenza umsebenzi ofuna ukuphakamisa, okanye ukuba uphakamisa iintsimbi xa uzilolonga, unokufuna ukunxiba i-brace yokuxhasa umqolo.
• Lumka kakhulu xa usebenzisa izibhamu. Ukudubula ngezibhamu zezona zinto zixhaphakileyo ezenzakalisa umqolo. Kufuneka ulumke kakhulu xa usebenzisa izibhamu nangasiphi na isizathu. Nokuba uqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba azilayishwanga, ziphathe ngokungathi zilayishiwe. Kwakhona, izibhamu mazigcinwe zingalayishwanga, zitshixelwe ngesixhobo sokuzibamba, kwaye zingafikeleli ebantwaneni. Kukwabubulumko ukugcina iimbumbulu kwindawo eyahlukileyo, etshixiweyo, netshixiweyo.
• Thabatha amanyathelo okuthintela ukuwa. Izixhobo zokhuseleko, ingakumbi iintambo zokhuseleko, zibalulekile xa usebenza kwindawo ephakamileyo. Amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe ukuthintela ukuwa ekhaya, ingakumbi kwizinyuko nakwiigumbi zokuhlambela. Imizekelo ibandakanya ukufaka ii-handrails, ukusebenzisa izihlangu ezingatyibilikiyo kunye nomgangatho, kunye nokususa iingozi ezinokubangela ukukhubeka kwizinyuko.
• Beka impilo yamathambo kwindawo yokuqala. Iimeko ezinxulumene nokulahlekelwa ngamathambo, ezinje nge -osteoporosis kunye ne -osteopenia, zinokubangela ukwaphuka kwethambo lomqolo. Ezi zaphuka zinokubangela umonakalo omkhulu kumqolo nakwimithambo-luvo yomqolo.
• Ukuma kakuhle kubalulekile. Ukuma kakubi, nokuba uhleli okanye ume, kunokubangela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo emqolo wakho. Oku kunokubangela uxinzelelo kumqolo wakho nakwimithambo-luvo yomqolo. Umzekelo, kukho ukuxinana kwemithambo-luvo .

Eyona nto ibalulekileyo ekufuneka uyikhumbule kweli nqaku

Iidermatomes zifana nemephu yomqolo wakho kunye nemithambo-luvo emininzi edibana nawo, ikuxelela ngempilo kunye nomsebenzi womzimba wakho. Kwabaninzi abantu, iidermatomes ziyindlela nje enye yendlela umzimba osebenza ngayo, kwaye abayicingi ngenye indlela. Nangona kunjalo, iidermatomes ziyindlela ephambili yoogqirha yokuxilonga iingxaki zempilo, ngakumbi ezo zinxulumene nomqolo, umqolo, kunye nemithambo-luvo yomgogodla. Ukuthatha amanyathelo okukhusela nokugcina impilo yomqolo wakho kunokukunceda uphephe iimeko ezinokuchaphazela iidermatomes zomzimba wakho. Ngoko ke, qiniseka ukuba uyawukhathalela umzimba wakho kwaye ufune iingcebiso zonyango ukuba uziva nantoni na engaqhelekanga.

"Iidermatomes, imithambo-luvo yomqolo, imvakalelo yolusu, imithambo-luvo yomqolo, iingxaki zemithambo-luvo, iintlungu, ukungaziva