Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva ngathi awufanelani nabanye abantu? Nokuba ingxolo encinci ingakuphazamisa, kodwa ungagxila kwinto oyithandayo kangangeeyure ezininzi. Ngaba ukhe ucinge, "Ndim lo, akunjalo?" xa ubona izinto kwimidiya yoluntu ? Usenokuba une-autism kunye ne-ADHD. Le yimeko abantu abaninzi abanayo. Ngoko masithethe ngayo ngendlela elula nethe ngqo.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-AuDHD?
I-AuDHD ayilogama elisemthethweni elisetyenziswa kwezonyango. Kodwa ligama elithathwa nzulu kakhulu ziingcali zengqondo nabaphandi ngoku. Ngamafutshane, ukuba umntu une -Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) kunye ne-Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) , igama elisetyenziselwa ukuchaza loo mntu yi-AuDHD (Autism + ADHD).
Usenokuba uqaphele ukuba abanye abantu bathi, "Ndingu-AuDHD" endaweni yokuba bathi "Ndingu-AuDHD." Isizathu soku kukuba ezi meko azibonwa njengesifo sobuchopho, kodwa njengokwahluka kwendalo (ukwahluka kwe-neuro) engqondweni yomntu. Oko kukuthi, esi asisosiphene ekufuneka silungiswe, kodwa ngumahluko nje kwindlela abanye abantu abacinga, abavakalelwa ngayo, nababona ngayo ihlabathi.
Khawucinge nje, kude kube ngu-2013, oogqirha babengavumelekanga ukuxilonga umntu one-autism kunye ne-ADHD ngaxeshanye. Kodwa ngoku loo mithetho itshintshile. Kuba uphando lubonise ukuba ezi meko zimbini zihlala zikho.
Zithini izizathu ze-AuDHD?
Akukho mntu waziyo unobangela woku okwangoku. Kodwa zombini i-autism kunye ne-ADHD ziimeko zophuhliso lwe-neurodevelopmental. Oku kuthetha ukuba aziphuhli ngaxeshanye xa umntu emdala, kodwa ziqala ukubonisa iimpawu ebuntwaneni okanye ebusheni. Usenokungaqondi oku de ube uneminyaka engama-30 okanye engama-40, kodwa imvelaphi yako ebuntwaneni.
Eyona nto iphambili yimfuza. Zombini ezi meko zinokuzuzwa njengelifa. Ngamanye amaxesha, emva kokuba umntwana wakho efunyaniswe ene-autism okanye i-ADHD, ungajonga uluhlu lweempawu uze ucinge, "Owu... ndim lo." Abantu abadala abaninzi baqala ukuphanda imeko yabo emva kokuba umntwana wabo efunyaniswe ene-autism.
Ukongeza, kukho nezinye izinto ezinokuchaphazela:
- Utshintsho kwisakhiwo sobuchopho, uphuhliso, okanye iinkqubo zeekhemikhali.
- Ukuchanabeka kwiityhefu ezikwindalo esingqongileyo ngexesha lokukhulelwa okanye emva kokuzalwa.
- Impilo kamama ngexesha lokukhulelwa.
- Ukuzalwa kwangethuba kakhulu kunokuba bekulindelwe.
- Ukungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo engqondweni xa umntwana ezalwa.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, oku akulona ityala lakho. Olu lutshintsho lwendalo oluhlala engqondweni yakho ukususela ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakho.
Uphando lubonisa ukuba kukho unxibelelwano oluqinileyo phakathi kwe-autism kunye ne-ADHD:
- Ama-50% - ama-70% abantu abane -autism nabo baneempawu ze-ADHD.
- I-15% - 25% yabantu abane-ADHD babonisa iimpawu ze-autism.
Kutheni oku kungazange kuqatshelwe ixesha elide kangaka?
Rhoqo, ingakumbi kumazwe ethu, kukho ukulibaziseka ekuchongeni ezi meko. Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku:
- Iimvavanyo ezindala: Ngaphambili, iimvavanyo ezazilungiselelwe ukuchonga i-autism kunye ne-ADHD zazilungiselelwe abafana ababengabona bantu baphazamisayo nababalaseleyo. Ngenxa yoko, babebakhumbula abo babefihla/befihla umahluko wabo kwaye bezama ukuhambelana noluntu, ingakumbi amantombazana.
- Utshintsho ebomini: Iimpawu zakho zinokuba nzima ngakumbi njengoko uxanduva lwakho ebomini lusanda. Umzekelo, ungaziva ukhathazekile ngakumbi xa uqala ukusebenza, utshata, uba nomntwana, okanye uqala ukuhlala wedwa.
- Iingcamango Ezingachanekanga: Abanye banokutolika utshintsho lwakho njengokuthi "ubuvila," "ukuzikhukhumeza," okanye "ukuthanda ngabom."
Zithini iimpawu ze-AuDHD?
Amava omntu wonke ahlukile. Kodwa kukho iimpawu ezifanayo ezinxulumene ne-autism kunye ne-ADHD. Njengomntu one-Autism ADHD, unokufumana ezi mpawu zingqubana. Kunokuba yinto edidayo kakhulu. Masijonge ezi mpawu ngokucacileyo kwitheyibhile.
| Iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-autism | Iimpawu ezinxulumene ne-ADHD |
|---|---|
| Ukungathandi intetho encinci, ubunzima bokuqonda imithetho engathethwayo yoluntu. | Ubunzima bokuhlala ugxile, okanye ukungakwazi ukukhetha into oza kugxila kuyo. |
| Ukuphinda into efanayo (umz., ukucofa iminwe, ukujija). | Ukungaphumli ngalo lonke ixesha, ukungakwazi ukuhlala kwindawo enye (ukungcangcazela). |
| Ukungakwazi ukunyamezela izandi ezithile, izibane, ivumba, kunye nokuchukumisa (Ukugqithisa kakhulu kweemvakalelo). | Ukuthetha ngaxeshanye ngaphandle kokucinga, enika iinkcukacha ezininzi kakhulu. |
| Izinto ezikhethekileyo ezinomdla. | Ukulibala imihla, ukulahlekelwa zizinto, ukulibala ixesha. |
| Indlela umntu one-AuDHD (zombini) aziva ngayo | |
| • Unengxaki yokuqalisa okanye ukugqiba umsebenzi, nokuba yinto oyithandayo ngokwenene. (Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwabasebenzi) • Ndifuna ukukhuthazwa ukuze ndigxile, kodwa ndiyaxinezeleka nayinto encinci. • Udinga inkqubo yemihla ngemihla, kodwa ukwenza into efanayo kuyakhawuleza kube yinto ekruqulayo. • Uthule kakhulu phambi kwabantu angabaziyo, kodwa uthetha kakhulu nabantu abathembekileyo. • Nokuba uya kwisiganeko soluntu (itheko/umtshato) kwaye wonwabe, uziva udiniwe xa ufika ekhaya. | |
Ukuphila neemvakalelo ezingqubanayo ezinjalo kunokubangela iimeko ezifana nokuxhalaba nokudandatheka.
Uyibona njani le nto ngokuchanekileyo?
Ukuba unamathandabuzo ngale nto, musa ukwenza izigqibo ngokusekelwe koko ukufundileyo kwi-intanethi. Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha wosapho lwakho (uGqirha woNyango oluPhambili). Vula indlela oziva ngayo, indlela ophila ngayo, kunye nokuba ujongene phi na ubunzima ebomini.
Ungabuza imibuzo efana nale:
- "Gqirha, ngaba ndine-ADHD, i-autism, okanye enye into?"
- "Kutheni ndingakwazi ukumelana nezandi ezithile kunye nevumba?"
- "Ungandithumela kwingcali malunga noku?"
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuthumela kwingcali yezifo zengqondo okanye kwingcali yezengqondo. Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lungabandakanya:
- Ukuthetha ngembali yakho yezonyango kunye nemingeni ekhoyo ngoku.
- Ukuzalisa amaphepha emibuzo.
- Ukuthetha namalungu osapho awazi kakuhle.
- Uvavanyo olulinganisa ukucinga, inkumbulo, kunye nokuqonda kwentlalo.
Ungafumana ingcinga ethile kwiimvavanyo zakho ezifumaneka kwi-intanethi, ezifana ne-``Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ)`` okanye i-``ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS)``.Nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zezi mvavanyo azinakuqinisekisa ukuba unayo na i-AuDHD. Oku kufuna ukuxilongwa okuqinisekileyo ngugqirha ofanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-AuDHD?
Akukho nyango lunye oluthi, "Le yiyo indlela yonyango." Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kukusebenzisa indibaniselwano yonyango olusebenzayo kuwe.
- Amayeza: Nangona kungekho nyango lweempawu eziphambili ze-autism, amayeza anokunceda kwiimpawu ezinxulumene ne-ADHD, ezinje ngokungakhathali kunye nokungaphumli. Nangona kunjalo, abantu abane-autism banokuba novelwano ngakumbi kwimiphumo emibi yamayeza athile. Ke ngoko, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye uzame amayeza ahlukeneyo ukuze ufumane amayeza afanelekileyo kunye nomlinganiselo ofanelekileyo kuwe.
- Unyango: Ingcali yezonyango eqeqeshiweyo inokukunceda ukulawula iimvakalelo zakho kwaye isebenze kwiingxaki zakho. Iindlela ezifana ne-'Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)' kunye ne-'Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT)' zisebenza kakhulu.
- Utshintsho kwindawo ohlala kuyo: Mhlawumbi isiqabu esikhulu sivela ekutshintsheni indawo ohlala kuyo endaweni yokutshintsha wena. Umzekelo:
- Ukusebenzisa ii-headphones ezicima ingxolo kwiindawo ezinengxolo.
- Sebenzisa izikhumbuzo ezibonakalayo (iikhalenda, uluhlu) ukuze ungalibali imisebenzi.
- Ukuqhela ukuthi "hayi" kwiimeko zentlalo ezikwenza udinwe.
- Ukucela indawo yokuhlala efunekayo emsebenzini okanye kwiziko lemfundo.
Ungaphila njani ngolonwabo ne-AuDHD?
Ukuphila kakuhle ne-AuDHD akuthethi "ukuzenzela" into oyifunayo. Kumalunga nokwakha ubomi bakho bujikeleze ingqondo yakho . Xa uyiqonda indlela esebenza ngayo ingqondo yakho, unokuphuhlisa amaqhinga, imida, kunye nemikhwa eyixhasayo.
Khumbula, ingqondo yakho "ayilunganga." "Yahlukile" nje. Xa uhlonipha loo mahluko kwaye uqala ukuphila ngokuvisisana nawo, ubomi buba lula kakhulu.
Ungazama ezi zinto:
- Gcina irekhodi yendlela amandla akho, ingqwalasela kunye neemvakalelo zakho ezitshintsha ngayo imini yonke.
- Zinike ixesha lokuphumla (ixesha lokuchacha) emva kwesiganeko soluntu, njengetheko okanye umtshato.
- Yenza iinkqubo ezikwenza uzive ukhuselekile.
- Yenza ixesha elingakumbi lezinto ozithandayo nezikuzisela uvuyo.
- Thetha nabantu abaye baba namava afana nawe. Amaqela enkxaso akwi-intanethi nawo ayindawo elungileyo yokwenza oku.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-AuDHD ligama elichaza umntu one-autism kunye ne-ADHD.
- Olu lutshintsho lwe-neurodevelopmental olwenzeka ekuzalweni, kwaye akusilo ityala lakho okanye sisifo ekufuneka silungiswe.
- Iimpawu zinokuphikisana (umz., ukufuna ukucwangcisa izinto kodwa ukhawuleze ukruquke). Ngoko ke musa ukuziva unetyala ngaloo nto.
- Ukuba unamathandabuzo malunga noku, kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kugqirha okanye kwingcali yezifo zengqondo, kunokuthembela kwi-intanethi kuphela.
- Unyango alukho malunga "nokukulungisa", kodwa malunga nokulungisa ubomi bakho kunye nendawo ohlala kuyo ukuze ivumelane nokusebenza kwengqondo yakho.
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