Sonke siyayazi ixhala kunye noloyiko oluza nokuva kugqirha ukuba ilungu losapho okanye umhlobo unesifo esibi segazi okanye umhlaza wegazi. Kodwa ngenxa yenkqubela phambili kwezonyango namhlanje, kukho unyango olunamandla olunokunyanga izifo ezinjalo. Olunye unyango olunjalo olusindisa ubomi lubizwa ngokuba yi-"Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplant." Nangona igama lisenokuvakala liyinkimbinkimbi, masithethe ngento eyenzekayo koku ngokulula .
Yintoni kanye kanye into yokufakelwa kweeseli ze-allogeneic stem?
Ngamafutshane, oku kuquka ukususa ii-stem cells ezigulayo nezingasebenzi kakuhle emzimbeni wakho uze uzitshintshele ii-stem cells eziphilileyo nezihambelanayo nomnye umntu (umxhasi).
Ngoku masicacise oku kancinci.
- Ii-Stem Cells: Singazibiza ezi "mama cells" kuba ezi cells zifana nomzi-mveliso owenza zonke ezinye iiseli zegazi emzimbeni wethu (iiseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, iiplatelets). Ezi stem cells zifumaneka kakhulu kumongo wethu wethambo.
- I-Allogeneic: Eli gama lithetha "ukufunyanwa ngomnye umntu." Oku kuthetha ukuba unyango lusebenzisa iiseli ezivela kumnikeli ophilileyo nofanelekileyo, kungekhona ezakho.
Khawucinge ukuba umongo wethu wamathambo ufana nentsimi echumileyo enomhlaba olungileyo. Kukule ntsimi apho iiseli zethu zegazi zikhula khona. Kodwa kwisifo esifana ne-leukemia, le ntsimi yonakala, kwaye ukhula (iiseli zomhlaza) lukhula endaweni yesivuno esihle. Ngoko ke, kolu nyango, loo mhlaba wonakeleyo (umongo wamathambo onesifo) ususwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye uthatyathelwe indawo ngumhlaba omtsha, ophilileyo, ochumileyo (iiseli zesiqu zomnikeli). Emva koko, iiseli zegazi eziphilileyo ziqala ukukhula kuloo mhlaba mtsha.
Olu nyango lunamandla kakhulu olunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo ezinye izifo ezinzulu. Oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa olu nyango xa ezinye iindlela zonyango zingaphumelelanga okanye xa isifo siphinda sibuya.
Zeziphi iintlobo zeemeko ezisetyenziselwa olu nyango?
Idla ngokusetyenziselwa izifo ezinxulumene negazi kunye nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela. Nazi ezinye zezifo eziphambili.
| Imeko yezonyango | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (YONKE) | Ii-lymphocytes, uhlobo lweeseli ezimhlophe zegazi ezifumaneka egazini nakwi-bone mongo, ziba ziiseli zomhlaza. |
| I-Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) | Umhlaza weeseli zegazi ezikhula kwiiseli ze-myeloid stem. |
| I-Aplastic Anemia | Ukonakala komongo wethambo kuthintela umzimba ekuveliseni iiseli ezintsha zegazi ezaneleyo. |
| I-Lymphoma | Umhlaza owenzeka kwinkqubo ye-lymphatic. |
| Isifo seMyelodysplastic | Ukuveliswa okungacwangciswanga kweeseli zegazi ezisempilweni kumongo wethambo. |
| Isifo seSickle Cell | Isifo esizuzwe njengelifa apho imo yeeseli ezibomvu zegazi itshintsha kwaye umsebenzi wazo uyaphazamiseka. |
Ulungiselela njani unyango?
Ngenxa yokuba olu lonyango olukhulu, iqela lezonyango liza kwenza uvavanyo oluninzi kwangaphambili ukuqinisekisa ukuba umzimba wakho unako ukulunyamezela.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Izinto ezifana nokubalwa kwegazi okupheleleyo (i-CBC) zenziwa ukujonga amanqanaba eeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets.
- Uvavanyo lwentliziyo: I- echocardiogram (ukubona ukuba intliziyo isebenza kakuhle kangakanani) kunye ne- electrocardiogram (EKG) ukubona isigqi sentliziyo.
- Uvavanyo lwenziwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi kunye nezintso .
- I-Bone Marrow Biopsy: Ukuba unomhlaza, kuthathwa isampulu encinci yomongo wethambo ize ivavanywe ukuze kuhlolwe uhlobo lwesifo kunye nomngcipheko wokuphinda ubuye.
Nje ukuba zonke ezi mvavanyo zenziwe kwaye kufumaniseke ukuba ungumntu ofanelekileyo, eyona nxalenye ibalulekileyo yonyango, ebizwa ngokuba yi- "pre-transplant conditioning," iyaqala. Oku kubandakanya i-chemotherapy ephezulu okanye unyango lwe-radiation emzimbeni wonke. Eli linokuba lixesha elinzima. Kodwa kubalulekile.
Kutheni le nto olu nyango lwangaphambi konyango lubaluleke kangaka?
- Itshabalalisa naziphi na iiseli zomhlaza eziseleyo emzimbeni wakho.
- Isusa iiseli ezindala nezigulayo kumongo wakho wethambo kwaye ivule indawo yokukhula kweeseli ezintsha.
- Oku kwenza umzimba wakho ungabi namandla okwethutyana. Oku kwenzelwa ukuthintela umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni nasekugatheni iiseli ezisandula ukunikezelwa.
Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iveki enye okanye ezimbini ukuze ufumane olu nyango.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngomhla wokufakelwa iseli?
Inkqubo yokufakelwa kweeseli ilula kakhulu kwaye ayibuhlungu , njengokuba unikela ngegazi.
Iqela lezonyango liza kufaka ityhubhu ekhethekileyo kumthambo omkhulu osesifubeni sakho esingaphezulu. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yiCentral Venous Catheter (CVC) . Ingxowa equlethe iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo ezivela kumxhasi iqhagamshelwe kule tyhubhu. Emva koko iiseli zifakwa kancinci emzimbeni wakho, ngegazi lakho, nakwithambo lakho, njengesisombululo se-saline.
Le nkqubo ithatha malunga nemizuzu engama-30 ukuya kwiyure. Ngeli xesha, iqela lezonyango liza kuhlala ecaleni kwakho lize lijonge uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nesantya sentliziyo yakho. Ngamanye amaxesha, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezincinci zinokubakho.
- Ndiziva ndibanda
- Ubunzima obuncinci bokuphefumla
- Umkhuhlane
Kodwa ezi aziqhelekanga ukuba zinzulu.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva konyango?
Ixesha elibalulekileyo lokuchacha liqala emva kokufakelwa i-stem cell. Kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele okanye kufutshane naso kangangeeveki ezimbalwa.
- Ulawulo lomzimba: Uza kuqhubeka unikwa amayeza okuthintela umzimba wakho ekuhlaseleni iiseli ezintsha nokuthintela iiseli ezintsha ekuhlaseleni umzimba wakho.
- Utofelo-gazi: Kuthatha ixesha elithile ukuba ii-stem cells ezintsha ziqale ukusebenza kwaye zenze ii-red cells ezintsha kunye nee-platelet. Ngeli xesha, unokufuna utofelo-gazi.
- Ukukhuselwa kwiintsholongwane: Inkqubo yakho yomzimba yokuzikhusela ibuthathaka kakhulu ngeli xesha, ngoko ke ingqalelo ekhethekileyo inikwa ekuzikhuseleni kwiintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane.
Inkqubo apho iiseli ezintsha zihamba khona ziye kumongo wethambo, zihlale apho, zize ziqale ukwenza iiseli ezintsha zegazi ibizwa ngokuba yi- "engraftment." Oku kungathatha malunga neentsuku ezili-10 ukuya kwezili-14.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo?
Le yinkqubo ende. Ingathatha iminyaka emibini nangaphezulu ukuze iphile ngokupheleleyo. Ingathatha malunga nonyaka ukuze inkqubo yakho yomzimba iphile.
Umngcipheko okhethekileyo ekufuneka uwuqaphele: Isifo se-Graft vs. Host (GVHD)
Le yeyona ngxaki ixhaphakileyo yokufakelwa i-allogeneic. Ngamafutshane, kwenzeka xa iiseli ezintsha zomzimba ezivela kumxhasi (i-graft) zihlasela iiseli kunye nezicubu zomzimba wakho (umninimzi) . Kufana "nondwendwe oluhlasela umninimzi."
Oku kungaba kuncinci okanye kube nzima. Yiyo loo nto amayeza okunciphisa amasosha omzimba enikwa rhoqo. Kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu iimpawu zale meko.
Iimpawu ekufuneka zixelwe kugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko
Xa ubuyela ekhaya emva konyango, kufuneka ulumke kakhulu malunga neempawu ezithile. Ukuba kukho naziphi na kwezi ezibonakala, fowunela iqela lakho lezonyango ngokukhawuleza.
| Udidi lweempawu | Iimpawu ekufuneka uzijonge |
|---|---|
| Iimpawu zeGraft vs. Host Disease (GVHD) zingabandakanya: | |
| Isisu | Intlungu yesisu, isicaphucaphu nokuhlanza, urhudo (ukudumba) |
| Ulusu namehlo | Ukurhawuzelela kwesikhumba okurhawuzelelayo, ukutyheli kwesikhumba kunye/okanye amehlo (i-jaundice) |
| Ingaba ziimpawu zosulelo | |
| Iimpawu ngokubanzi | Umkhuhlane ongama-38 Celsius (100.4 Fahrenheit) nangaphezulu, ukubanda |
| Inkqubo yokuphefumla | Ukukhohlela, ukuthimla, impumlo egobhozayo, ubunzima bokuphefumla |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukudinwa, ukuchama rhoqo, okanye ukutsha xa uchama |
Umahluko phakathi kokufakelwa kwe-"allogeneic" kunye ne-"autologous"
Usenokuba ukhe weva nangokutyandwa kweeseli ze-stem ze -autologous . Umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini ngumthombo weeseli.
- I-Allogeneic: Iiseli zifunyanwa komnye umntu (umnikeli).
- I-Autologous: Iiseli zithathwa kwisigulana . Oku kuthetha ukuba iiseli ze-stem eziphilileyo zesigulana ziyaqokelelwa kuqala zize zibuyiselwe emva konyango lwe-chemotherapy oluphezulu.
Ukufakelwa kwe-allogeneic kunokunyanga ngokupheleleyo ezinye izifo ezisongela ubomi. Rhoqo, olu kufakelwa lusindisa ubomi lwenziwa ngabanikeli abangaziwayo esingazange sibabone. Ngamanye amaxesha, amalungu osapho aba ngabanikeli. Nangona kukho iingozi kolu nyango, iingenelo nazo ziphezulu kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela konke oku aze akuncede wenze isigqibo esifanelekileyo kuwe.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukufakelwa kweeseli ze-stem ze-allogeneic kukutshintshwa komongo wethambo onesifo ngeeseli ze-stem ezivela kumntu ophilileyo.
- Olu lunyango olunamandla olusetyenziswa kwizifo zegazi ezinzima ezifana ne-leukemia, i-lymphoma, kunye ne-aplastic anemia.
- Kubalulekile ukulungiselela umzimba nge-chemotherapy ephezulu okanye unyango lwe-radiation ngaphambi konyango.
- Ingxaki ephambili enokwenzeka emva konyango yiGraft vs. Host Disease (GVHD), kwaye kubalulekile ukuhlala uqaphela oku kunye neempawu zosulelo.
- Le yinkqubo ende yokuphiliswa, kwaye kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho okanye iqela lezonyango ngokukhawuleza ngayo nayiphi na ingxaki.
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