Khawucinge nje, umntu omaziyo ngequbuliso uqala ukutshintsha inkumbulo yakhe, indlela aziphethe ngayo, aze ahambe ngokukhawuleza. Ngaba wakha weva ngesifo ekunzima ukuba oogqirha basibone kwaye siqhubeka ngokukhawuleza? Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesinye sezifo ezingaqhelekanga nezingaqhelekanga. Ezi sizibiza ngokuba zizifo ze-prion.
Ngamafutshane, zithini ezi zifo ze-prion?
Izifo zePrion liqela lezifo ezichaphazela ingqondo yakho kunye nenkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Zinokubangela
i-dementia enzima okanye ubunzima bokulawula umzimba wakho, kwaye zinokuba mandundu ngokukhawuleza. Zinqabile kakhulu, zimalunga nama-350 kuphela amatyala axelwayo minyaka le e-United States. Makhe sijonge ukuba yintoni ebangela ezo zifo.
IiPrion ziiproteni ezincinci ezifumaneka kwiingqondo zethu. Kodwa ngesizathu esingaziwayo, ezi proteni ziyaphambana, ziyadibana, kwaye zijike ngendlela engafanelekanga. Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba le proteni ye-prion ephambuka ngendlela engafanelekanga inokubangela ukuba nezinye iiproteni ezisempilweni ziphambukane. Njengomhlobo ombi unokubangela abanye bagule. Ezi proteni eziphambuka ngendlela engafanelekanga ziyaqokelelana engqondweni kwaye ziqale ukutshabalalisa iiseli zengqondo (ii-neurons). Yile nto ibangela iimpawu.
Abantu abaninzi babhidanisa izifo ze-prion nesifo sika- Alzheimer . Nangona zombini zizifo ezibangela ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi zimbini. Isifo sika-Alzheimer sidla ngokuba sibi kancinci kancinci kwiminyaka emininzi. Kwisifo sika-prion, imeko iba mandundu ngokukhawuleza, kwixesha elifutshane, ngesiqhelo kwiinyanga ezimbalwa. Kwaye, njengesifo sika-Alzheimer, akukabikho nyango lwezifo ze-prion.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zezifo ze-prion?
Izifo zePrion zinokuchaphazela abantu kunye nezilwanyana. Kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ezichaphazela abantu. Makhe sijonge ukuba ziyintoni na.
| Igama leSifo | Inkcazo emfutshane |
|---|
| Isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob (CJD) | Esi sesona sifo sixhaphakileyo se-prion ebantwini, kwaye sidla ngokuchaphazela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-60 ubudala. |
| Isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob esingafaniyo (i-Variant CJD - vCJD) | Oku kunokwenzeka nakubantu abancinci. Kufunyenwe ukuba ukutya inyama yenkomo eyosulelwe yi-"Mad Cow Disease" kunokudluliselwa. |
| Gerstmann-Sträussler-Scheinker syndrome | Esi sisifo esingaqhelekanga kakhulu, esizuzwa njengelifa. |
| Ukungalali kakuhle kwentsapho okubulalayo | Le yimeko yemfuza edluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana. Uphawu oluphambili kukungalali kakuhle. |
| I-Kuru | Isifo esasasazeka ngenxa yesiko lokutya inyama yomntu phakathi kwezizwe ezithile ePapua New Guinea. Oku akukaze kuviwe ngoku. |
Zithini iimpawu zesifo se-prion?
Iimpawu zesifo se-prion zinokuvela ngequbuliso. Ezi ziquka utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela ovakalelwa ngayo, inkumbulo yakho, kunye neentshukumo zakho.
| Icandelo elichaphazelekayo | Iimpawu ezibonakalayo |
|---|
| Ingqondo kunye nokuziphatha | Uxinzelelo olukhulu okanye ukudakumba Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo kwindlela yokuziphatha okanye ubuntu Ukulibala ngokukhawuleza (i-Dementia) |
| Umzimba kunye nentshukumo | Iingxaki zokulinganisela, Ukuhamba okungazinzanga, Ukulahlekelwa kukulawula izihlunu, ukuxhuzula ngequbuliso okanye ukungcangcazela, Intetho engacacanga, Ubunzima bokuginya |
| Ezinye iimpawu | Ukuxhuzula Iingxaki zokubona |
Izizathu kunye nemingcipheko yokuphuhlisa esi sifo
Amaxesha amaninzi, izifo ezifana ne-CJD zikhula ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo, kodwa ezinye izinto ezinobungozi ziye zachongwa.
- Imbali yoSapho : Malunga ne-15% yabantu bahlakulela ezi zifo ngenxa yesiphene semfuza (isiphene kwimfuza ebizwa ngokuba yi-'PRNP') esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana.
- Izifo : Oku kunqabile kakhulu. Ngamanye amaxesha, esi sifo sinokudluliselwa xa kufakelwa izicwili kumntu onesifo, okanye ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ngexesha lotyando azicocwanga ngokufanelekileyo.
- Ukutya inyama eyosulelekileyo: Ukutya inyama yenkomo eyosulelwe " sisifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo " (iBovine Spongiform Encephalopathy ) kunokubangela uhlobo lwesi sifo esibizwa ngokuba yi-vCJD. Xa imeko yasasazeka eYurophu ngeminyaka yoo-1990, inani elincinci labantu lafa ngenxa yesi sifo. Ngoku, kubekwe imithetho engqongqo malunga nokondla iinkomo kunye nokunikela ngegazi, ngoko ke le ngozi incitshisiwe kakhulu.
Isifo se-prion sifunyanwa njani?
Kunokuba nzima ukufumanisa le meko kuba iimpawu zinokufana nezinye iimeko. Ukuba uneempawu ezifana nokulibala, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala akhuphe ezinye izizathu, ezifana nestroke okanye ithumba lobuchopho. Ezi mvavanyo zilandelayo zinokwenziwa:
- Ukubethelwa koMgogodla/Ukubhaqwa kweLumbar: Oku kuquka ukufaka inaliti encinci phakathi kwamathambo akho amabini kunye nokuthatha isampuli encinci yolwelo olujikeleze ingqondo yakho kunye nomqolo (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal). Amanqanaba eeproteni ezithile kulo anokuvavanywa ukuze kufunyanwe umbono wesifo.
- I -MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Oku kusebenzisa iimagnethi ezinamandla kunye namaza erediyo ukuthatha imifanekiso eneenkcukacha zobuchopho. Ngamanye amaxesha kunokubonisa utshintsho oluthile ebuchotsheni olubonwa kwizifo ze-prion.
- I-CT scan (i-Computerized Tomography): Uthotho lwee-X-rays luthathwa kunye ukuze kwenziwe umfanekiso ocacileyo wobuchopho.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo: Eyona ndlela yokuqiniseka ngokupheleleyo ukuba umntu unesifo se-prion kukuthatha iqhekeza elincinci lesicwili ebuchotsheni (i-brain biopsy). Kodwa olu lutyando oluyingozi kakhulu. Ngoko ke oku kwenziwa kuphela xa kukho ukurhanelwa ukuba sisenokuba sesinye isifo esinokunyangwa.
Unyango kunye nokuthintela isifo
Okwangoku, akukho nyango lwezifo ze-prion. Unyango lwangoku lulawula kuphela iimpawu kwaye lunika isiqabu kwisigulana. Oku kuquka iintlungu, amayeza okudakumba, kunye namayeza okulwa nokuxhalaba. Njengoko imeko yomntu onesifo se-prion isiba mandundu imihla ngemihla, ngokuqinisekileyo uya kufuna uncedo kwimisebenzi yemihla ngemihla. Kusenokufuneka bafakelwe i-catheter yokukhupha umchamo, ityuwa ukuthintela ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, kunye nokutya ngetyhubhu ukuba abakwazi ukutya.
Ngaba esi sifo singathintelwa?
Akukho ndlela yokuthintela izifo ze-prion ezizuzwe njengelifa, kodwa la manyathelo anokunceda ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokusasazwa kwesi sifo ngokusuleleka okanye ngokutya:
- Ukucoca nokubulala iintsholongwane ngokuchanekileyo kwizixhobo zonyango.
- Ukuba unesifo se-prion okanye unembali yaso kwintsapho, kuphephe ukunikela ngezicubu okanye amalungu omzimba.
- Ukutya inyama eqinisekisiweyo ukuba ikhuselekile kuphela.
Ukusasazeka kwesifo "seenkomo eziphambeneyo" ngoku kulawulwe kakuhle ngenxa yemithetho engqongqo ebekwe ngamazwe amaninzi kwihlabathi liphela malunga nokutya kunye nenyama yenkomo enikwa iinkomo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Izifo zePrion liqela lezifo ezinqabileyo kodwa ezinzulu ezonakalisa ingqondo.
- Kwezi zifo, inkumbulo, ukuziphatha, kunye neentshukumo zomzimba ziyawohloka ngokukhawuleza kakhulu . Olu khawuleza lolona phawu luphambili oluyahlula kwizifo ezifana ne-Alzheimer's.
- Kunzima ukufumanisa isifo ngokuchanekileyo, kwaye kufuneka uvavanyo oluthile ukuze kwenzeke oko.
- Nangona okwangoku kungekho nyango luthile loku, iimpawu zinokulawulwa kwaye isigulana sinokunikwa isiqabu.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo ubona utshintsho olukhawulezileyo nolungachazekiyo kwinkumbulo yakhe, ubuntu bakhe, okanye iintshukumo zakhe, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike ingcebiso .
Izifo zePrion, isifo seCreutzfeldt-Jakob, i-CJD, isifo sobuchopho, inkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ukulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, i-dementia, isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo, isifo seenkomo eziphambeneyo
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