Ingaba imiphunga yakho iyawa? Masithethe nge-atelectasis!

Ngaba wakha waziva uvakalelwa ngendlela engaqhelekanga, enzima esifubeni sakho xa uphefumla? Okanye ngaba ngequbuliso uziva ngathi unengxaki yokuphefumla? Mhlawumbi kutshanje utyando olukhulu okanye unesifo esinye sokuphefumla, oku kunokuba kubaluleke kakhulu kuwe. Namhlanje siza kuthetha nge-atelectasis, imeko apho inxalenye yomphunga, okanye ngamanye amaxesha yonke imiphunga, iwa khona . Ungakhathazeki, le yinto enokulawulwa ukuba uyayiqonda kakuhle.

Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-atelectasis?

Kulungile, masiqale sijonge ukuba yintoni i-atelectasis. Ngamafutshane, kuxa enye okanye ezingaphezulu kwezingxobo zomoya ezincinci (i-alveoli) emiphungeni yethu zingavuthi kakuhle zize zidilike.

Uyazi ukuba kwenzeka ntoni xa siphefumla. Umoya esiwuphefumlayo ungena emiphungeni nakwizi ngxowa zomoya ezibizwa ngokuba yi-alveoli. Kulapho ioksijini esemoyeni ixubana khona negazi lethu. Emva koko elo gazi lizaliswe yioksijini lihamba emzimbeni wonke, linika onke amalungu ethu kunye nezicubu ioksijini eziyidingayo ukuze ziphile.

Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba ezi ngxowa zomoya (i-alveoli) azifumani moya waneleyo wokufutha ngokufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba zicinezelwa yinto engaphandle? Kulapho ke ziyawa khona. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-atelectasis. Oku kunokwenzeka kwinxalenye encinci yomphunga, okanye kunokuchaphazela umphunga wonke. Into ebalulekileyo kukuba, ukuba inani elikhulu lomphunga liyawa ngale ndlela, igazi lethu lisenokungafumani ioksijini eyaneleyo. Emva koko kunokuvela iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zempilo.

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kwe-Atelectasis kunye ne-Pneumothorax?

La magama mabini asenokukudida, ngoko ke masichaze umahluko phakathi kwawo omabini.

• I-Atelectasis , njengoko benditshilo ngaphambili, kukuwohloka kweengxowa zomoya (i-alveoli) emiphungeni okanye kwinxalenye yomphunga ngokwawo. Kwimeko enjalo, ingxaki ikwimiphunga ngokwawo.
• I-Pneumothorax kuxa umoya uvuza kwindawo ejikeleze umphunga, utyhala umphunga ngaphakathi uze ubangele ukuba udilike. Kwimeko enjalo, uxinzelelo luvela ngaphandle komphunga.

Uwubonile umahluko? Omnye uvela ngaphakathi, omnye uvela ngaphandle.

Ithetha ukuthini i-atelectasis?

Ukuba awukakwenzi utyando lwesifuba okanye lwesisu kutshanje, ukuba ufunyaniswe une-atelectasis, oko kungabonisa ukuba kukho uhlobo oluthile lokuvaleka kwendlela yakho yomoya . Oku kungavaleki yiyo ebangela ukuba inxalenye okanye yonke imiphunga yakho iwe.

Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuphuhlisa oku?

Kukho abantu abambalwa abasengozini enkulu yokufumana i-atelectasis. Makhe sijonge ukuba bangoobani:

• Abantu abaye benza utyando lwesifuba okanye lwesisu:Ingakumbi ngexesha lotyando, usenokungakwazi ukuphefumla nzulu ngenxa ye-anesthesia esetyenziselwa ukukugcina ulele. Oku kuthetha ukuba imiphunga yakho ayizukuvuthelana kakuhle.
• Abantu abaneemeko ezithintela iindlela zomoya ezincinci (ezifana ne-bronchi) emiphungeni: Oku kunciphisa amandla emiphungeni okukhula ngokuqhelekileyo.
• Abantu abenzakele esifubeni okanye abaphuke iimbambo: Intlungu eqatha ngamaxesha anje yenza kube nzima ukuphefumla nzulu.
• Abantu abachatshazelwa ngumsi wecuba.

Ziziphi iintlobo ze-atelectasis?

Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-atelectasis: Ukucinezela, Ukufunxa/Ukuthintelwa, kunye nokuQonda. Ngaba kuvakala ngathi kuyinkimbinkimbi? Masiyigcine ilula.

1. I-Compressive atelectasis

Oku kwenzeka xa into ejikeleze imiphunga – efana nolwelo, umoya, igazi, okanye ithumba – ibeka uxinzelelo kwimiphunga, ibangele ukuba iwe. Kufana nokucinezela umphandle webhaluni uze uyibangele ukuba iwe.

2. I-atelectasis ekhuphayo/ethintelayo

Nantsi into eyenzekayo: Iingxowa zomoya ezikwimiphunga yakho (i-alveoli) zifunxa ioksijini kunye nekhabhoni-dayoksayidi egazini lakho, kodwa akukho ndlela yokuba umoya omtsha ungene. Emva koko ezo ngxowa zomoya ziyaphela zize ziqine. Utyando olufuna i-anesthesia luyimbangela enkulu yoku.

Kwakhona, ukuba into ethile engaphakathi emphungeni (umzekelo, iqhuma, ithumba, okanye into encinci oyiginyileyo ngempazamo) ibambeka ize ithintele umoya ukuba ungangeni, oku kunokubangela i-"Resorptive atelectasis". Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-"Obstructive atelectasis" .

3. I-atelectasis yokuqunjelwa

Oku kubangelwa kukurhawuzelelwa (fibrosis) emiphungeni. Oku kurhawuzelelwa kuthintela iingxowa zomoya (alveoli) ukuba zingavuleki kakuhle.

Ezinye iintlobo

Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa, ingakumbi iintsana ezingekafiki ixesha okanye abo bane-acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), banokukhula uhlobo olungaqhelekanga lwe-patchy atelectasis. Oku kwenzeka xa kungekho protein yaneleyo (ebizwa ngokuba yi-surfactant) ethintela imiphunga ukuba ingawi.

Ukongeza, amagama anjenge-bibasilar atelectasis, i-rounded atelectasis, i-gravity-dependent atelectasis, kunye ne-subsegmental atelectasis abhekisa kwindawo, imbonakalo, okanye ubunzima bokudilika.

Zithini iimpawu?

Uninzi lwexesha, i-atelectasis ayibangeli naziphi na iimpawu ezithile.Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho imeko yezonyango efihlakeleyo (efana ne-COPD) ebangela i-atelectasis, inokubonisa iimpawu.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-atelectasis ichaphazela indawo enkulu yemiphunga yakho, amanqanaba e-oksijini egazini lakho anokwehla. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-hypoxemia. Iimpawu ezinje ngezi zinokwenzeka:

• Ubunzima bokuphefumla / ukuphefumla okunzima (ukuphelelwa ngamandla)
• Ukukhwehlela
• Iintlungu zesifuba
• Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza (i-tachypnea)
• Ulusu oluluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kunye nemilebe

Yintoni esona sizathu sixhaphakileyo?

Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo ebangela i-atelectasis lutyando . Xa i-anesthesia isetyenziselwa ukugcina ulele ngexesha lotyando, awuphefumli nzulu. Kwakhona awukhohlisi kakuhle ukuze kususwe i-mucus emiphungeni yakho. Oku kunokubangela ukuba iindlela zakho zomoya zivaleke kwaye kuthintele umoya ukuba ungafikeleli kwi-alveoli. Kulapho i-atelectasis ephinda ifunxeke khona.

Ziziphi ezinye izizathu?

Kukho ezinye izizathu ezininzi ngaphandle kotyando.

• I-Mucus plug: Oku kuqhelekile emva kotyando, kubantwana abancinci, kubantu abane-cystic fibrosis, naxa behlaselwa yi-asthma enzima.
• Into ephefumlwayo: Izinto ezincinci , ingakumbi abantwana abancinci, zinokuginywa ngengozi, njengeziqwenga ezincinci zezinto zokudlala okanye ukutya. Ezi zinto zinokungena kwimibhobho yomoya kwaye zivale imiphunga.
• Ukuqokelelana kolwelo olujikeleze imiphunga (i-pleural effusion): Oku kudla ngokubangelwa yimeko yezonyango engabonakaliyo, njengesifo sentliziyo.
• Ukuqokelelana komoya ojikeleze imiphunga (pneumothorax).
• Izimila ezingezizo ezomhlaza (ezingenobungozi).
• Iithumba ezinomhlaza.
• Ukuvaleka kwemiphunga.
• Izifo ezisisiseko: I-Atelectasis inokubangelwa zizifo ezifana nesifo esingapheliyo semiphunga (COPD) okanye isifo sokuphefumla esibuhlungu kakhulu (ARDS), kunye nezifo zokuphefumla ezifana ne-COVID-19 okanye i-pneumonia.

Uyibona njani le nto?

Inyathelo lokuqala ekuxilongeni i-atelectasis kukufumana i-X-ray yesifuba . Oku kuthatha umfanekiso wemiphunga yakho. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, ugqirha wakho unokuyalela i-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan) ukuze afumane imifanekiso eneenkcukacha ezithe vetshe.

Ngamanye amaxesha, ugqirha wakho unokufuna ukujonga ngaphakathi kwimiphunga yakho. Oku kwenziwa ngokufaka ityhubhu encinci efakwe ikhamera emqaleni wakho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-bronchoscopy . Ngexesha lovavanyo, naziphi na izithintelo kwindlela yakho yomoya zinokususwa.

Zithini iindlela zonyango?

I-Atelectasis idla ngokubakho rhoqo.Iya kuphiliswa ngaphandle konyango olukhethekileyo, phantsi kweliso elibukhali likagqirha.

Ezinye iindlela zonyango zixhomekeke kwisizathu sokudumba kunye nobunzima bako. Zingabandakanya:

• Ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu (`incentive spirometry`): Oku kuquka ukuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu usebenzisa isixhobo esincinci.
• Ukususa imiqobo emiphungeni: Oku kudla ngokwenziwa ngovavanyo lwe-bronchoscopy.
• Unyango lomzimba: Oku kubandakanya imithambo enceda ukwandisa imiphunga.
• Amayeza afunxwayo avula indlela yomoya (iibronchodilators).
• Unyango lweethumba okanye izifo ezingapheliyo zemiphunga.

Khumbula, ugqirha wakho uza kugqiba ngesicwangciso sakho sonyango, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.

Ungayinciphisa njani ingozi?

Kukho izinto ezininzi onokuzenza ukunciphisa umngcipheko wakho we-atelectasis:

• Emva kotyando: Vuka uhambe ngokukhawuleza xa ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba wenze njalo, yenza umthambo wokuphefumla, kwaye usebenzise isixhobo sokukhuthaza i-spirometer.
• Ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezifihlakeleyo: Fumana unyango olufanelekileyo kwimeko leyo. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho.
• Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka, okanye ungaqalisi. Ukutshaya kubi kakhulu kwimiphunga yakho.
• Ukuba unabantwana abancinci: Musa ukushiya izinto zokudlala ezincinci okanye ukutya apho zinokukrwitshwa khona.

Ingaba le yimeko enzima?

I-Atelectasis ayisoloko iyinto enzima . Nangona kunjalo, kwezinye iimeko, iingxaki ezinkulu zinokwenzeka:

• Amanqanaba aphantsi eoksijini egazini (i-hypoxemia): Xa umoya ungakwazi ukufikelela kwi-alveoli ngenxa yokuxinana kwemiphunga, igazi alifumani oksijini, kwaye izicubu kunye namalungu omzimba awafumani oksijini.
• Isifo semiphunga: Ukuba i-mucus iqokelelana kwimigudu yomoya evalekileyo, inokosulelwa.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla: Kwiimeko ezinzima (umzekelo, ukuba wonke umphunga uchaphazelekile), ukungasebenzi kakuhle kokuphefumla kunokwenzeka. Oku kunokuba yingozi ebomini.

Injani imbono?

Iindaba ezimnandi zezokuba uninzi lwexesha, i-atelectasis iyaziguqula (iphinde iphile) xa unobangela oyintloko unyangiwe. Uninzi lwabantu luyaphola ngokukhawuleza kwaye alunazo iziphumo ezibi zexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, umntu onemeko engapheliyo (ehlala ixesha elide) unokufuna unyango olongezelelweyo ukulawula unobangela oyintloko we-atelectasis.

Ndingazinyamekela njani?

Eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho kanye emva kotyando.Kwakhona, ukuba uneengxaki zempilo ezibangela umngcipheko we-atelectasis, zilawule kakuhle.

Ufanele uye nini kugqirha?

Ukuba usandul’ utyando, unengxaki yempilo engabonakaliyo, ufumene naziphi na iimpawu ezintsha, okanye uxhalabile ngazo naziphi na iimpawu, bona ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko.

Imiphunga yethu zizinto ezintsonkothileyo nezibaluleke kakhulu. Zinoxanduva lokugcina umoya ungaphakathi, ukufaka ioksijini egazini, nokugcina zonke izicubu kunye namalungu emzimbeni esebenza kakuhle. I-Atelectasis kuxa inxalenye enye yale nkqubo ingasebenzi njengoko kufanele. Ukuthi "umphunga owileyo" - nokuba yinxalenye encinci - kunokoyikisa kancinci. Kodwa, ngethamsanqa, uninzi lwexesha, i-atelectasis ayisiyongxaki inkulu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ibeke ubomi esichengeni.

Ukuze uqwalasele: amanqaku abalulekileyo

Kulungile, ngoko ke, ngokwezinto esithethe ngazo, ezi zezona zinto zibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• I-Atelectasis kukudilika kweengxowa zomoya (i-alveoli) emiphungeni.
• Eyona nto ixhaphakileyo lutyando, kodwa kukho ezinye izizathu, ezifana nokuvaleka kwe-mucus, ukuginya into ethile, iithumba, kunye nesifo semiphunga.
• Uninzi lwexesha, akukho zimpawu, kodwa izinto ezifana nobunzima bokuphefumla, ukukhohlela, kunye nentlungu yesifuba zinokwenzeka.
• Ukuziqhelanisa nokuzilolonga ngokuphefumla nzulu nokuphepha ukutshaya emva kotyando kunokunceda ekunciphiseni umngcipheko.
• Le meko inokuphiliswa rhoqo.
• Ukuba unamathandabuzo okanye ukungakhululeki, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.

Ndiyathemba ukuba olu lwazi uza kulufumana luluncedo. Hlala usempilweni!

I- Atelectasis, ukuwa kwemiphunga, ukubandezeleka kokuphefumla, isifo semiphunga, ubunzima bokuphefumla, utyando lwemiphunga, i-pneumonia