Ngaba uhlala uziva udiniwe kwaye udiniwe? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ezi zinto ziqhelekile, kodwa emva kwazo kunokubakho isifo esinxulumene negazi. I-Beta Thalassemia sisifo esidluliselwa kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana kwizakhi zethu zemfuza, kodwa sinokunyangwa. Abantu abaninzi banoloyiko kunye namathandabuzo malunga noku. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe ngale nto ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-beta thalassemia?
Kulula kakhulu. Sineeseli egazini lethu ezibizwa ngokuba ziiseli ezibomvu zegazi. Ezi seli zinoxanduva lokuthwala ioksijini kuzo zonke iindawo zomzimba wethu. Kukho iproteni ekhethekileyo enceda iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ukuba zenze lo msebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin .
Ngoku, kumntu one-beta thalassemia, umzimba awuvelisi ngokwaneleyo le protein ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin. Kwenzeka ntoni ke ngoko? Iiseli ezibomvu zegazi azikwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wazo ngokufanelekileyo, kwaye ziyatshatyalaliswa ngokukhawuleza.
Xa kungekho ziseli zegazi ezibomvu ezaneleyo, umzimba awufumani ioksijini oyidingayo. Le meko siyibiza ngokuba yi-anemia . I-anemia ingakwenza uzive udiniwe, ubuthathaka, kwaye uphefumla nzima. Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, inokonakalisa amalungu abalulekileyo emzimbeni wethu.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-beta thalassemia?
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili ze-beta thalassemia, kuxhomekeke kubunzima bazo. Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuyiqonda ngokuchanekileyo le nto.
| Uhlobo lweThalassemia | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-Beta thalassemia encinci | Olu lolona hlobo lulula lwesi sifo. Abanye abantu basenokungabi nazimpawu konke konke, okanye babe ne-anemia encinci kuphela. Abanye abantu baphila ubomi babo bonke bengazi nokuba banayo i-gene. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi-thalassemia trait. |
| I-Beta thalassemia intermedia | Le yimeko ephakathi. Aba bantu banokufumana iimpawu ngenxa ye-anemia. Kwezinye iimeko, unyango olufana notofelo-gazi lunokufuneka. |
| I-Beta thalassemia enkulu | Eli lelona nqanaba linzima kakhulu lesi sifo. Sikwabizwa ngokuba yi-'Cooley's anemia'. Aba bantu banokufumana i-anemia enzima enokuba yingozi ebomini. Ke ngoko, utofelo-gazi rhoqo kunye nonyango olukhethekileyo kubalulekile. |
Zithini iimpawu zesi sifo?
Iimpawu zinokwahluka kumntu nomntu, kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwe-thalassemia onayo kunye nokuba inzima kangakanani.
- Umntu one- thalassemia minor usenokungabi nazo naziphi na iimpawu.
- Abantu abane -thalassemia intermedia kunye ne-major banokufumana enye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Ulusu oluphaphathekileyo: Ulusu lubonakala luphaphathekile kwaye lutshintsha umbala ngenxa yokungabikho kwegazi.
- Ukudinwa kakhulu kunye nobuthathaka: Ukuziva udiniwe, udiniwe rhoqo.
- Ukudumba kwesisu: Isisu siphuma phambili ngenxa yokwanda kwamalungu omzimba anjengesibindi kunye ne-spleen.
- Umchamo onombala omnyama: Umchamo uba mnyama ngombala.
- Ukulibaziseka kokukhula: Uphuhliso lomzimba lwabantwana lwenzeka kancinci kunabanye abantwana.
- Ukukhubazeka kwamathambo ebusweni: Kwezinye iimeko ezinzima, utshintsho kwimo yamathambo ebusweni.
- I-Jaundice: Ukutyheli kwesikhumba kunye namhlophe emehlweni.
Ukuba umntwana omncinci uhlala egula kwiintsuku zokuqala zobomi bakhe, akafuni ukutya, okanye umhlophe, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka uyiqwalasele loo nto kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho .
Indlela yokuxilonga esi sifo?
Esi sifo sidla ngokufunyaniswa siphakathi kweminyaka emi-6 neli-12 ubudala. Sinokubonwa ngengozi xa undwendwela ugqirha ngenxa yeempawu ze-anemia, okanye ngexesha lovavanyo lwegazi oluqhelekileyo olwenziwe ngesinye isizathu.
Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ubona i-anemia, ungacinga ngempazamo ukuba unobangela kukungabikho kwe-iron. Ukuba unika iipilisi ze-iron ngelo xesha, kunokuba yingozi kumguli one-thalassemia. Ngoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukubona i-hematologist ukuze ixilonge isifo ngokuchanekileyo.
Ekubeni ifumaneka kwiintsapho, kusenokuba kukho abantu abane-thalassemia kusapho lwakho okanye kwizalamane zakho. Kwakhona, esi sifo sixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abavela kumazwe afana ne-Asia, uMbindi Mpuma, i-Itali, kunye neGrisi.
Ezinye zeendlela eziphambili zovavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukufumanisa isifo zezi:
- Ubalo lweGazi olupheleleyo (CBC): Oku kujonga inani, ubungakanani, kunye nokuvuthwa kweeseli ezibomvu zegazi, iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi, kunye neeplatelets egazini lakho.
- I-Hemoglobin electrophoresis: Oku kusetyenziswa ukufumanisa ukuba zeziphi iintlobo ze-hemoglobin ezisegazini lakho kunye nokuba zingakanani na.
- Uvavanyo loomama abakhulelweyo: Ukuba umama okhulelweyo unesimo sokuba ne-thalassemia carrier state, uvavanyo olufana ne -Chorionic villus sampling (CVS) okanye i-Amniocentesis lunokwenziwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba umntwana osesiswini naye uchaphazelekile na.
Zithini iindlela zonyango?
Unyango olufumanayo luya kuxhomekeka kuhlobo lwakho lwe-thalassemia kunye nobunzima bayo.
- Kwabo baneemeko ezingembi kangako (ezincinci): Akukho nyango lunokufuneka.
- Kubantu abakwimeko ephakathi: Ngamanye amaxesha, njengaxa kukho isifo okanye usulelo, utofelo-gazi lunokufuneka.
- Kwabo bakwimeko embi kakhulu (Enkulu): Ekubeni aba bantu benesifo sokuphelelwa ligazi esinzima, utofelo-gazi rhoqo lubalulekile.
Ukunikela ngegazi rhoqo kunokukhokelela ekuqokeleleni kwesinyithi emzimbeni ngokungeyomfuneko. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Iron overload." Le sinyithi igqithisileyo inokuqokelelwa kwizitho ezifana nentliziyo nesibindi ize yonakalise. Ukuthintela oku, kwenziwa unyango lokususa isinyithi esigqithisileyo emzimbeni. Ibizwa ngokuba yi -iron chelation therapy . Oku kunikwa njengepilisi okanye inaliti.
Ukongeza, olu nyango lulandelayo lungasetyenziswa njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele:
- Utyando lokususa i-spleen.
- Ukufakelwa komongo wethambo .
- Unyango lwanamhlanje olufana nonyango lwezakhi zofuzo .
Ungaphila njani usempilweni xa une-thalassemia?
Nangona ukuhlala ne-thalassemia kunokuba nzima, zininzi izinto onokuzenza ukuze uzinyamekele.
Izinto onokuzenza
- Ukutya okunempilo: Yitya iziqhamo nemifuno emininzi. Nangona kunjalo, buza ugqirha wakho ukuba kufuneka unciphise ukutya okune-iron eninzi (inyama, intlanzi, imifuno ethile, kunye neenkozo eziqiniswe nge-iron) .
- Ukuzilolonga rhoqo: Zilolonge kancinci njengokuhamba ngeenyawo nokukhwela ibhayisekile.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho: Landela imihla yakho yokunikela ngegazi kunye neeshedyuli zokuthatha amayeza ngokuchanekileyo. Bona ugqirha wakho ngeentsuku ezicwangcisiweyo.
- Zikhusele kwiintsholongwane: Hlamba izandla zakho rhoqo. Hlala kude nabantu abagulayo.
- Gonyelwa: Fumana zonke izitofu ezicetyiswe ngugqirha wakho, ezifana nogonyo lomkhuhlane, ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
- Cinga ngempilo yakho yengqondo: Kunzima ukuhamba olu hambo wedwa. Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, funa uncedo kugqirha wengqondo okanye kwingcali yezengqondo.
Ingcebiso kubantu abanyamekela abantu abagulayo
Ukuba ungumnakekeli womntwana okanye ilungu losapho eline-thalassemia, indima yakho ibaluleke kakhulu.
Isimo sakho sengqondo esihle sinamandla amakhulu kumntwana wakho. Soloko uxelela umntwana wakho, "Hayi indlela omelele ngayo ukuba ungaphila nale meko." Khumbula ukuba ngenxa yonyango olutsha, izigulane ezine-thalassemia zinokuphila ubomi obude nobunempumelelo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Beta thalassemia sisifo segazi esizuzwa njengelifa, kodwa sinokunyangeka.
- Kukho amanqanaba ahlukeneyo oku, ukusuka kwencinci ukuya kwenkulu.
- Kwizigulane ezineemeko ezinzima (ezinkulu), utofelo-gazi rhoqo (ukunikela ngegazi) kunye nonyango lwe-chelation zibalulekile.
- Ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye nendlela yokuphila elungileyo, izigulane ze-thalassemia zinokuphila ubomi obude, obusempilweni, nobunempumelelo.
- Ukuba wena okanye umntwana wakho nineempawu okanye ninamathandabuzo, bonana nogqirha wakho ngokukhawuleza ukuze ufumane icebiso.
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