Xa ugqirha ekuxelela wena okanye umntwana wakho ukuba unesifo segazi esibizwa ngokuba yiBeta Thalassemia, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba loluphi uhlobo onalo. Kuba uhlobo lwesifo onaso luya kumisela iimpawu kunye nonyango olufunekayo. Usenokoyika kancinci xa usiva eli gama. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, siza kuchaza yonke into ngokucacileyo nangokulula.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-beta thalassemia?
I-Beta thalassemia sisifo semfuza esichaphazela igazi lethu. Kulungile, ngoku masibone ukuba oku kwenzeka njani ngaphakathi emzimbeni.
Ngaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi egazini lethu kukho iproteni ekhethekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-hemoglobin . Le yindlela ethatha ioksijini emiphungeni ize iyisasaze kwiiseli emzimbeni wonke. Ifana nenkonzo yokuhambisa ioksijini. Kumntu one-beta thalassemia, le protein ye-hemoglobin ayiveliswanga kangangoko ikufunayo. Isizathu soku kukutshintsha, okanye utshintsho, kwijini enxulumene nokuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin (ijini ye-HBB).
Xa i-hemoglobin incipha, iiseli zomzimba azifumani umlinganiselo ofunekayo weoksijini. Yiyo loo nto kuvela iimpawu ezahlukeneyo. Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zesi sifo. Masijonge nganye kuzo ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. I-Beta Thalassemia exhomekeke kwi-transfusion
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiThalassemia Major . Olu lolona hlobo lubi kakhulu lwethalassemia. Le meko yenzeka kuphela xa umntwana efumana iikopi ezimbini zejini yesifo ezivela kubazali bobabini.
Umntwana onesi sifo udla ngokufunyaniswa engekafiki kwiminyaka emibini .
Njengabazali, siyazi ukuba kunokuba nzima kakhulu ukujongana neendaba zokuba umntwana wakho unesifo esibi. Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile kwaye ukhathazekile. Musa ukuba wedwa ngeli xesha. Thetha nosapho lwakho kunye nabahlobo ngale nto. Inkxaso yabo iya kuba ngumthombo omkhulu wamandla. Kwakhona, ukuba uziva uxinezelekile kwaye ukhathazekile, cela ugqirha wakho ukuba akuthumele kumcebisi wezempilo yengqondo. Akuyonto ifanelekileyo ukuba neentloni ngayo, kwaye kubalulekile ukuhlala uqinile kumntwana wakho.
Ziziphi iimpawu ezinokubonakala kule meko?
- I-anemia enzima: Ngenxa ye-hemoglobin ephantsi kakhulu, umntwana uziva ediniwe kwaye ediniwe ngalo lonke ixesha. Basenokubonakala bemhlophe.
- Ukukhula okulibazisekayo: Ukukhula komntwana kuhamba kancinci kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nabanye abantwana.
- Ukwandiswa kwepleen kunye nesibindi:Njengoko inani elikhulu leeseli ezibomvu zegazi ezonakeleyo ziqokelelana kwipleyini nakwisibindi, la malungu akhula kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Ukubuthathaka kwamathambo: Njengoko umongo wethambo kufuneka wenze iiseli ezibomvu zegazi ezingaphezulu, umongo wethambo unokudumba kwaye amathambo anokubhitya aze aqhekeke.
- Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo: Njengoko ukhula, ukufikisa kunokulibaziseka ngenxa yeziphumo ekusebenzeni kwamahomoni.
- Umngcipheko wesifo seswekile kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi unokwanda xa umntu emdala.
Iindlela zonyango
Ukulawula le anemia inzima, utofelo-gazi rhoqo lubalulekile. Nangona kunjalo, xa uqhubeka nokunika igazi, ubungakanani besinyithi emzimbeni bunokwanda ngokungeyomfuneko. Le sinyithi eyongezelelweyo inokonakalisa isibindi, intliziyo kunye nenkqubo ye-endocrine.
Ukuthintela oku, kusetyenziswa unyango olubizwa ngokuba yi -Iron Chelation Therapy . Ngamafutshane, oku kususa i-iron egqithisileyo eqokelelene emzimbeni. Kukho amayeza anikwa oku.
2. I-Beta Thalassemia exhomekeke kwi-non-transfusion
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yiThalassemia Intermedia . Iimpawu zoku azikho mbi kangako njengezo zeThalassemia Major ekhankanyiweyo ngaphambili.
Ngokwesiqhelo, umntu onesi sifo ubona ugqirha ngenxa yeengxaki ezifana nokudinwa rhoqo, ukuba tyheli kolusu (i-jaundice), okanye ukungaphumeleli ukukhula.
Iimpawu ezinokubonakala kule meko
- Ukwanda kwespleen.
- Ukufikisa okulibazisekileyo.
- Amathambo abuthathaka kunye nomngcipheko wokuphuka lula.
- Ukudinwa okubangelwa yi-anemia.
Ngenxa yokuba iimpawu zale meko azikho qatha kangako, utofelo-gazi rhoqo alusoloko luyimfuneko . Usenokungadingi ukukhupha igazi ubomi bakho bonke. Kodwa oko kuxhomekeke kugqirha wakho ukuba enze isigqibo.
3. I-Beta Thalassemia Minor
Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba yi "Thalassemia Charit." Kwilizwe lethu, abantu abaninzi babiza le meko ngokuthi "njengomthwali weThalassemia."
Olu lolona hlobo luncinci lwe-thalassemia. Umntu onesi sifo usenokungabi nazimpawu ngaphandle kwe -anemia encinci . Abantu abaninzi baphila iminyaka bengazi nokuba banaso esi sifo. Ngamanye amaxesha sifunyanwa ngengozi xa kuvavanywa igazi lesinye isifo.
Le meko ayisoloko ifuna unyango oluqhelekileyo ngaphandle kokuba uzive udiniwe okanye udiniwe.
Kodwa nokuba awunazo iimpawu, kubalulekile ukwazi ukuba unesifo seThalassemia. Ingakumbi ukuba uza kutshata okanye uceba ukuba nomntwana. Kuba ukuba iqabane lakho nalo linesifo seThalassemia, kukho umngcipheko omnye kwabayi-4 (25%) wokuba umntwana wakho abe ne-Thalassemia Major, isifo esibi kakhulu. Yiyo loo nto kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngale nto uze uvavanywe.
| Uhlobo lweThalassemia | Ukunyaniseka | Iimpawu eziphambili kunye nonyango |
|---|---|---|
| I-Thalassemia Major | Inzulu kakhulu | Ukuphelelwa ligazi kakhulu, ukukhula okungalindelekanga. Utofelo-gazi rhoqo kunye nonyango lwe-iron chelation zibalulekile. |
| I-Thalassemia intermedia | Ndinzulu kakhulu | Ukuphelelwa ligazi okuphakathi, ukudinwa. Amaxesha amaninzi akukho mfuneko yokufakwa igazi rhoqo. |
| I-Thalassemia encinci (Encinci/Uphawu) | Ayibalulekanga kangako (imeko yomthwali) | Amaxesha amaninzi akukho zimpawu. Akukho nyango lufunekayo. Kodwa ulwazi lubalulekile ekucwangciseni usapho. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Beta thalassemia yimeko yelifa enciphisa ukuveliswa kwe-hemoglobin.
- Kukho iintlobo ezintathu eziphambili zale nto: enkulu (enzima), ephakathi (ephakathi), kunye nencinci (ephantsi/ephakathi).
- I-Thalassemia major ifuna utofelo-gazi rhoqo kunye nonyango lokususa isinyithi.
- Ukuba une-thalassemia minor (umthwali), usenokungabi nazimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, ukwazi ukuba iqabane lakho nalo lingumthwali kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ulindele umntwana osempilweni.
- Musa ukuba neentloni okanye ukoyika ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga nohlobo lwe-thalassemia onayo, unyango lwayo, kunye nayo nayiphi na imibuzo onokuba nayo.
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