Xa umfazi kufuneka enziwe utyando ngenxa yomhlaza webele, lunempembelelo enkulu kuye emzimbeni nasengqondweni. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele sisisombululo soxinzelelo kunye nosizi oluza nokutshintsha inkangeleko yomzimba wakhe. Esi sisigqibo somntu ngamnye. Abanye abantu bayayenza loo nto, abanye bagqiba ekubeni bangayenzi. Zombini izigqibo zichanekile. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into, siphendule yonke imibuzo efika engqondweni.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele?
Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele kukwakhiwa kwakhona kwebele elinye okanye omabini emva kokususwa kwebele okanye ukususwa kwebele ngenxa yomhlaza webele. Ngamanye amaxesha oku akwenziwa kutyando olunye, kwaye kunokufuneka utyando oluninzi.
Kukho iindlela ezininzi eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando. Ezinye iindlela zisebenzisa izifakelo zamabele ezizaliswe yi-silicone okanye i-saline. Kwezinye iindlela, kuthathwa i-flap yezicubu kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho, umzekelo, isisu esisezantsi, kwaye isetyenziswe ukwenza ibele.
Kukho iimeko ezimbini apho olu tyando lunokwenziwa khona:
1. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwangoko: Kule meko, ibele liyakhiwa kwakhona ngaxeshanye nokususwa kwebele, emva nje kokuba utyando lugqityiwe.
2. Ukwakhiwa kwakhona okulibazisekileyo: Kule meko, utyando lwenziwa ngosuku olwahlukileyo, iinyanga ezininzi, okanye iminyaka, emva kokuba ibele lisusiwe.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba olu tyando luza kwenziwa okanye aluzanywanga sisigqibo sakho sobuqu. Kubalulekile ukuthetha ngokukhululekileyo ngalo mba nogqirha wakho uze ukhethe into oziva ukhululekile ngayo.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zokuvuselela amabele?
Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili. Masizijonge ngokwahlukeneyo.
1. Ukusebenzisa izicwili zomzimba wakho (iFlap Reconstruction)
Kule nkqubo, ugqirha wakho uthatha izicwili ezivela kwenye inxalenye yomzimba wakho (izicubu ze-autologous) aze azisebenzisele ukwenza ibele. Ezi zicwili zibizwa ngokuba yi-"flap." Ezi zicwili zihlala zithathwa esiswini esisezantsi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zinokuthathwa ethangeni, emqolo, okanye empundu. Ezi zicwili zinokuquka ulusu, amafutha, imithambo yegazi, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha nezihlunu.
Kukho neendlela ezahlukeneyo zotyando kule ndlela. Jonga itheyibhile engasezantsi ukuze uqonde lula ngazo.
| Igama lenkqubo yotyando (Uhlobo lweFlap) | Kwenzeka ntoni nje |
|---|---|
| I-DIEP flap | Ulusu, amafutha, kunye nemithambo yegazi ziyasuswa kwisisu esisezantsi. Nangona kunjalo, izihlunu zesisu azisuswa kule nkqubo. |
| Iflephu yeTRAM | Ulusu, amafutha, kunye nemithambo yegazi, kunye nezihlunu zesisu, zisuswa kwisisu esisezantsi. |
| I-Latissimus dorsi (LD) flap | Izicubu kunye nezihlunu zithathwa kwindawo engasemva. Esi sicubu, kunye nokuhanjiswa kwegazi, siziswa kwindawo yesifuba. |
| I-flap ye-IGAP/SGAP | Izicubu zithathwa kwiimpundu. Kuzo zombini ezi ndlela, izihlunu azisuswa. |
| I-PAP/TUG flap | Izicubu zithathwa ngaphakathi nangasemva kwethanga. Kwindlela ye-TUG flap, umsipha nawo uyathathwa, ngelixa kwindlela ye-PAP flap, akunjalo. |
2. Ukwakhiwa ngokutsha kusetyenziswa ii-implants
Kule nkqubo, oogqirha basebenzisa i-saline okanye i-silicone implants ukuze batshintshe ukuma kwebele. Ngamanye amaxesha, ezi implants zidityaniswe nezicubu zomzimba wakho.
| Indlela yokufaka ii-grafts | Kwenzeka ntoni nje |
|---|---|
| Ukubekwa phantsi kwemisipha yesifuba | Ugqirha uphakamisa umsipha wesifuba aze abeke i-implant phantsi kwawo. |
| Ukuyibeka phezu kwemisipha yesifuba | Kule meko, i-implant ibekwa ngaphezulu kwemisipha yesifuba. Oku kunokunciphisa ixesha lokuphiliswa kancinci. |
| Ngomatshini wokwandisa izicubu | Ugqirha uqala ngokubeka isixhobo esifana nebhaluni (i-expander) phantsi kwesikhumba. Emva koko, malunga kanye ngeveki, isixhobo sizaliswa ngesisombululo se-saline ukuze solule ulusu kancinci kancinci. Nje ukuba ulusu lutsalwe ngokwaneleyo, kufakwa i-implant. |
Ngaba ingono kunye ne-areola zingakhiwa kwakhona?
Ewe, inokwenziwa. Ezinye iindlela zotyando lwe-mastectomy zishiya ingono kunye nolusu olumnyama oluyijikelezileyo (i-areola). Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"nipple-sparing mastectomy". Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kufuneka zisuswe, ingono entsha ingenziwa. Oku kwenziwa kusetyenziswa i-skin graft evela kwenye indawo yomzimba wakho.
Emva koko, ukuze baphinde benze indawo emnyama eyijikelezileyo (i-areola), abantu abaninzi baphendukela kwiitattoo ze-3D . Kukho abaculi abafumene uqeqesho olukhethekileyo koku. Banokuyibhala loo ndawo ukuze ibonakale ngathi yinto yokwenyani.
Ndingayikhetha njani indlela endifaneleyo?
Lo ngumbuzo obaluleke kakhulu. Ugqirha wakho uza kuxoxa nawe ngendlela efanelekileyo kuwe. Xa usenza eso sigqibo, cinga ngezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Ubudala bakho, impilo yakho iyonke, kunye nendlela ophila ngayo.
- Luhlobo luni lotyando olwenzileyo (i-mastectomy okanye i-lumpectomy) kwaye kusele izicubu ezingakanani zebele.
- Ingaba kufuneka olunye unyango lomhlaza (umz. i-chemotherapy okanye i-radiation).
- Naluphi na utyando olwenzekileyo ngaphambili. Umzekelo, ukuba ukhe watyandwa esiswini, kunokuba nzima ukususa izicubu esiswini sakho.
- Amathemba akho kunye neminqweno yakho. Oko ufuna inkangeleko yakho ibe kuko kubaluleke kakhulu apha.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Zithini iingenelo?
Olu tyando luyindlela entle yokwakha kwakhona ukuzithemba okulahlekileyo emva kotyando lwebele. Lunceda abantu abaninzi ukuba boyise ukungonwabi abakuvayo xa benxibe impahla okanye i-swimsuit.
Nangona kunjalo, abantu abaninzi bakhetha ukungalwenzi olu tyando. Basenokusebenzisa i-prosthesis ngaphakathi kwi-bra ekhethekileyo. Abanye bakhetha ukungawenzi nto. Isigqibo ngasinye sahlukile kumntu ngamnye, kwaye isigqibo ngasinye kufuneka sihlonitshwe.
Zithini iingozi kunye neengxaki?
Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezithile. Ezona ziphambili kusulelo kunye nokopha. Ukongeza, kunokubakho nezinye iingozi ezifana nezi:
- Amahlwili egazi: Le ngozi iphezulu kancinci emva kotyando oluthile lwe-flap.
- Utshintsho kwimilo okanye ubungakanani bamabele omabini: Elinye lisenokuba likhulu kunelinye, okanye imo ingatshintsha.
- Amanxeba: Zonke iinzame zotyando zishiya amanxeba, kodwa la manxeba aya kuphela ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- I-Fat necrosis: Ukuba igazi alifumaneki ngokwaneleyo kwizicubu ezifakelweyo emva kotyando lwe-flap, izicubu zinokufa.
- Iingxaki zokufakelwa: I-implant inokuba nemibimbi, iqhekeke, okanye iqhume.
- Iingxaki kwindawo yokususwa kwezicubu: Ubuthathaka, iintlungu, okanye ukuvakalelwa zinokwenzeka kwiindawo apho izicubu zisusiwe khona, njengesisu, amathanga, okanye umqolo.
Ezinye ii-implants zamabele ezindala ziye zanxulunyaniswa nohlobo olungaqhelekanga lomhlaza (i-Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma - ALCL), kodwa lo mngcipheko uphantsi kakhulu kwii-implants ezisetyenziswayo namhlanje. Ugqirha wakho uza kukwazisa ngale nto.
Uchacha njani emva kotyando?
Kusenokufuneka uhlale esibhedlele kangangeveki emva kotyando. Kuya kufuneka uthathe amayeza okudambisa iintlungu njengoko ugqirha wakho ekuyalele ukulawula iintlungu zakho. Uya kucelwa ukuba unxibe ibra ekhethekileyo yotyando ukuze uxhase amabele akho kwaye unciphise ukudumba ngexesha lokuphiliswa.
Ixesha lokuchacha liyahluka kumntu nomntu. Kuxhomekeke kwimpilo yakho kunye nohlobo lotyando olwenzekileyo. Kusenokufuneka uyeke ukuphakamisa iintsimbi kunye nokuzilolonga okwethutyana. Buza ugqirha wakho ukuba ungaqhubeka nini nemisebenzi yakho yesiqhelo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?
Xa ufika ekhaya emva kotyando, kufuneka ufowunele ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko ukuba unenye yezi mpawu zilandelayo:
- Iimpawu zosulelo, ezinje ngomkhuhlane .
- Intlungu ebuhlungu engapheziyo nokuba sele ithathiwe amayeza.
- Ukopha ngenxa yokusikwa ngotyando, njengegazi okanye ubomvu .
- Utshintsho kumbala wolusu olujikeleze ibele okanye inxeba.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukwakhiwa kwakhona kwamabele yinkqubo yotyando enceda ekwakheni ukuzithemba kwabasetyhini kunye nempilo-ntle yengqondo emva kotyando lomhlaza wamabele.
- Ukuba ukhetha ukwenza olu tyando okanye akunjalo, sisigqibo sakho sobuqu. Akukho mntu unokukuchaphazela ngalo mba.
- Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili: ukusebenzisa izicwili zomzimba wakho kunye nokusebenzisa ii-implants.
- Ufanele ukhethe indlela ekufaneleyo ngokuthetha ngokukhululekileyo nogqirha wakho malunga neemfuno zakho, imeko yempilo, kunye nolindelo lwakho.
- Njengakwezinye iintlobo zotyando, kukho iingozi ezithile ezibandakanyekileyo. Ziqaphele ezi zinto ngaphambi kokuba wenze utyando.
- Ukulandela imiyalelo yezonyango kanye emva kotyando kubalulekile ukuze uphile ngokukhawuleza.
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