"Owu, gqirha, ndiva intlungu ehlabayo kwelinye icala lesifuba sam xa ndiphefumla, kwaye kunzima kakhulu ukuphefumla." Mhlawumbi ukhe wayibona le nto, okanye mhlawumbi ukhe weva umntu eyithetha. Esinye sezizathu zale ntlungu yesifuba ngequbuliso kukuwohloka komphunga, esiwubiza ngokuba yi-'pneumothorax' kwezonyango. Musa ukoyika xa usiva eli gama. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha nje ngokuba yintoni, kutheni isenzeka, kunye nento omawuyenze.
Ngamafutshane, kuthetha ukuthini xa imiphunga ifinyela?
Cinga ngemiphunga yethu njengeebhaluni ezimbini. Le miphunga ikwisifuba sethu. Kukho indawo encinci kakhulu phakathi kwemiphunga nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yindawo yepleural. Ngokwesiqhelo, kukho ulwelo oluncinci kakhulu ngaphakathi kwesi sithuba. Oku kunceda imiphunga ukuba yande ngokulula ngaphandle kokungqubana xa siphefumla.
Ngoku, kwenzeka ntoni ukuba umoya uqokelelana kule ndawo ye-pleural ngesizathu esithile? Emva koko uxinzelelo lwaloo moya lubangela ukuba imiphunga iwe, njengebhaluni ephumayo. Oku sikubiza ngokuba yiphaphu ewileyo, okanye i-pneumothorax. Oku ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba yinani elincinci, okanye kunokuwuwelisa ngokupheleleyo umphunga.
Le meko ngamanye amaxesha ingafuna unyango olungxamisekileyo, ngoko ke kubaluleke kakhulu ukuqaphela iimpawu.
Ziziphi iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezenzeka ngazo i-pneumothorax?
I-Pneumothorax inokwahlulwa ibe ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ngokusekelwe kwindlela eyenzeka ngayo. Ukuqonda oku kuya kukunceda usiqonde ngcono esi sifo.
| Uhlobo lwe-pneumothorax | Ngamafutshane, kwenzeka njani oku... |
|---|---|
| I-Pneumothorax ePhambili ezenzekelayo (Uhlobo olutshintsha ngequbuliso ngaphandle kwesizathu) | Oku kunokwenzeka kumntu ongenaso isifo semiphunga. Abanye abantu bazalwa benamaqamza amancinci emiphungeni yabo. Oku kunokuqhuma ngequbuliso, kuvumele umoya ungene kwindawo yepleural. Oku kunokwenzeka ngakumbi kubafana abancinci abade nabancinci. |
| I-Pneumothorax yesibini ezenzekelayo (Uhlobo olubangelwa sisifo semiphunga esinye) | Oku kwenzeka kubantu abanezifo zemiphunga ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD, kunye nesifo sephepha. Ezi zifo zinokubangela ukuba ii-bullae (iindawo ezibuthathaka) emiphungeni ziqhume, nto leyo ebangela le meko. |
| I-Pneumothorax ebuhlungu (Uhlobo olubangelwa kukwenzakala) | Oku kungenzeka ngenxa yokwenzakala esifubeni. Umzekelo, ingozi yemoto ebangela uqhekeko lwembambo kunye nokugqobhozwa komphunga, okanye inxeba lokuhlatywa ngemela. |
| I-Iatrogenic Pneumothorax (Uhlobo oluvela ngexesha lonyango) | Oku kwahlukile kancinci. Ngamanye amaxesha, ngexesha leenkqubo zonyango ezifana nokuthatha isampuli yezicubu ezivela emphungeni ukuze zivavanyelwe (i-lung biopsy) okanye ukufaka ityhubhu kumthambo omkhulu entanyeni (ukufakwa komgca ophakathi), umphunga unokugqobhozwa ngengozi. |
| I-Pneumothorax yoxinzelelo (Kuyingozi kakhulu, imeko engxamisekileyo) | Kulapho umoya ungena khona kwindawo ye-pleural, kodwa ungabi nandlela yokubuyela umva. Kufana nevalvu ejonge kwicala elinye. Oku kubangela ukuba uxinzelelo olungaphakathi esifubeni lunyuke, nto leyo enokuthintela intliziyo kunye nemithambo yegazi emikhulu. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo esongela ubomi. |
Zithini iimpawu ze-pneumothorax?
Ezi mpawu ziqala ngequbuliso. Zisenokubonakala xa umile okanye ulele.
- Intlungu ebukhali ngequbuliso kwelinye icala lesifuba. Le ntlungu iyanda ngakumbi xa uphefumla nzulu.
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla (Dyspnea). Kuvakala ngathi uyafuthaniseka kwaye kufuneka usebenze nzima ukuze uphefumle.
- Ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukukhwehlela.
- Ukuziva udiniwe (Ukudinwa).
- Kwiimeko ezinzima kakhulu, ulusu, imilebe, okanye iinzipho zinokujika zibe luhlaza okwesibhakabhaka (i-cyanosis). Oku kuthetha ukuba umzimba awufumani ioksijini eyaneleyo.
Ukuba unenye okanye ngaphezulu kwezi mpawu,Yiya kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko. Le asinto unokuyinyanga ekhaya.
Kutheni oku kusenzeka? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Kukho izizathu ezininzi kunye nezinto ezinokubangela umngcipheko ezinokubangela i-pneumothorax.
Izizathu ezinokwenzeka
- Izifo zemiphunga: Abantu abanezifo ezifana ne-asthma, i-COPD (iSifo esingapheliyo seMiphunga), i-Cystic Fibrosis, umhlaza wemiphunga, kunye nesifo sephepha basengozini enkulu.
- Ukwenzakala: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, ukwenzakala esifubeni.
- Unyango lwezonyango: Lunokwenzeka njengesiphumo esingesihle sezinye iindlela zonyango.
- Indlela yokuphila:
- Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshayayo basengozini enkulu yokuba nale meko.
- Ukusetyenziswa kweziyobisi: ingakumbi iziyobisi ezifuthwayo.
- Imisebenzi apho uxinzelelo lomoya lutshintsha ngequbuliso: Izinto ezifana nokuntywila kwi-scuba diving, ukundiza.
Izinto ezonyusa umngcipheko
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba ne-pneumothorax ngaphambili, nawe usenokuba sengozini.
- Uhlobo lomzimba: Amadoda aselula, ingakumbi lawo anemizimba emide nebhityileyo, anamathuba amaninzi okufumana isifo sePurneumothorax esingaqhelekanga.
- Ezinye izifo zemfuza: Umzekelo, imeko ebizwa ngokuba yiMarfan Syndrome.
- I-Endometriosis: Le meko ichaphazela abafazi kuphela. Amaxesha amaninzi, esi sifo sinokubangela ukuba imiphunga idilike (catamenial pneumothorax).
Uyifumana njani le nto, Gqirha?
Xa usiya esibhedlele, ugqirha uza kuqala akubuze ngeempawu zakho aze emva koko akuhlole.
- Uvavanyo nge-stethoscope: Ugqirha uza kubeka i-stethoscope esifubeni sakho aze amamele izandi ozenzayo xa uphefumla. Izandi zokuphefumla zinokuba zithule kakhulu okanye zingavakali konke konke ecaleni apho imiphunga icinezelwe khona.
- I-X-reyi yesifuba: Le yeyona ndlela ilungileyo nelula yokuqinisekisa i-pneumothorax. I-X-reyi ingabonisa ngokucacileyo indlela imiphunga ecinezelwe ngayo kunye nobungakanani bomoya oqokeleleneyo.
- I-CT scan (i-Computed Tomography scan): Ngamanye amaxesha, i-CT scan inokwenziwa ukuba i-X-ray ayicacanga okanye ukuba kufuneka iinkcukacha ezithe vetshe.
- Uvavanyo lweArterial Blood Gas (ABG): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa amanqanaba eoksijini kunye nekharbon diokside egazini lakho.
Iphathwa njani?
Unyango luxhomekeke kubukhulu be-pneumothorax yakho, unobangela wayo, kunye nobunzima beempawu zakho.
1. Ukuqwalasela: Ukuba ukuwohloka kwemiphunga kuncinci kakhulu kwaye awuziva ntlungu ingako, ugqirha wakho angakugcina esibhedlele ukuze uhlolwe. Umzimba unokuwukhupha kancinci kancinci umoya oqokelelweyo.
2. Unyango lwe-oksijini: Unyango lwe-oksijini lunciphisa ubunzima bokuphefumla kwaye lonyusa isantya apho umoya okwindawo ye-pleural ungena emzimbeni.
3. Ukufuthwa yinaliti / iThoracentesis: Ukuba i-pneumothorax inkulu kakhulu, ugqirha angasivala isifuba, afake inaliti phakathi kweembambo ezimbini, aze asebenzise isirinji ukutsala umoya oqokelelweyo.
4. Ukukhupha amanzi kwityhubhu yesifuba: Olu lunyango olusetyenziswa rhoqo. Kule meko, ulusu esifubeni luyadinwa, kwenziwa umngxuma omncinci, kwaye kufakwa ityhubhu kwindawo yepleural. Elinye icala letyhubhu liqhagamshelwe kwinkqubo efana nebhotile yamanzi. Oku kuvumela umoya ongaphakathi ukuba uphume, kodwa kuthintela umoya ukuba ungabuyeli ngaphakathi. Ityhubhu ishiywa endaweni yayo okwethutyana kwaye imiphunga yandiswa ngokupheleleyo kwakhona, emva koko ityhubhu isuswe.
5. Inkqubo yePleurodesis: Ukuba umntu uyaqhubeka nokuba ne-pneumothorax, olu nyango lwenziwa ukuze kuthintelwe ukuba imiphunga ingaphinde idilike. Oku kubandakanya ukufaka ikhemikhali ekhethekileyo (efana nomgubo we-talcum) ngetyhubhu yesifuba, ebangela ukuba ulwelo lomphunga kunye nodonga lwangaphakathi lwesifuba lunamathele kunye. Oku ke kususa ithuba lokuba umoya uqokeleleke phakathi kwazo kwakhona.
6. Utyando: Ukuba ezinye iindlela zonyango aziphumelelanga, utyando lunokufuneka ukuze kulungiswe ukuvuza komoya emiphungeni okanye kususwe amaqamza omoya (iiblebs/iibullae).
Ukuthintela ukubuyela kwimeko yesiqhelo kunye nokubuyela umva
Kudla ngokuthatha iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuya kwiiveki ezimbini ukuba i-pneumothorax iphole. Ukuba ufake ityhubhu yesifuba, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezimbalwa.
Zikhathalele ezi zinto emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya:
- Ukuba uyatshaya, yeka ngokuqinisekileyo. Le yeyona nto ilungileyo onokuyenza.
- Kuphephe ukuphakamisa izinto ezisindayo nokuzilolonga okunzima de ugqirha wakho akuxelele ukuba wenze njalo.
- Ziphephe izinto ezifana nokuhamba ngenqwelo moya kunye nokuntywila elwandle olujulileyo ngokupheleleyo kangangeeveki ezimbalwa.
- Qiniseka ukuba uya ekliniki ngemihla yokulandelela enikwe ngugqirha.
Umntu okhe waba ne-pneumothorax kanye unethuba lokuphinda ayifumane. Ngoko ke, ukuba iimpawu ziphinda zibuye, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ngaphandle kokulibazisa.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba ngequbuliso uva iintlungu ezibukhali kwelinye icala lesifuba sakho kwaye kunzima ukuphefumla, oko kusenokuba luphawu lwe-pneumothorax.
- Musa ukuyityeshela le mpawu. Yiya kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (ETU) yesibhedlele ngoko nangoko.
- Ukutshaya yeyona nto ibangela i-pneumothorax. Ungawunciphisa kakhulu lo mngcipheko ngokuyeka ukutshaya.
- Uninzi lweemeko ze-pneumothorax zinokunyangeka ngokupheleleyo ngonyango olufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke musani ukoyika, yenza into elungileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo.
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