Ngaba wakha wambona umntu onezitho zakhe eziqhaqhazelayo nezingakwaziyo ukuhamba kakuhle, okunzima ukulawula ukuxhuzula ngamayeza? Okanye umntu onesifo sokuxhuzula esingenakulawuleka nokuba ngamayeza? Asinakukwazi nokuyicinga indlela ekunzima ngayo ukuphila nezi meko. Kodwa ngokuhambela phambili kwesayensi yezonyango, ngoku kukho unyango olutsha olunokubonelela ngoncedo kwizigulana ezinjalo. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngonyango olulodwa olukhethekileyo. Olu lunyango lweDeep Brain Stimulation, okanye unyango lweDBS ngamafutshane.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iDeep Brain Stimulation (DBS)?
Eli gama livakala liyoyikisa kancinci, akunjalo? Usenokuba ucinga, "Ingaba kufana nokunika umbane engqondweni?" Enyanisweni, ichazwa ngokulula ngolu hlobo lulandelayo. I-DBS yinkqubo yotyando ethumela imiqondiso yombane engabonakaliyo kakhulu kwindawo ethile, enzulu yengqondo. Njengokuba i-pacemaker ifakelwe ukubuyisela ukusebenza kwentliziyo okuqhelekileyo xa intliziyo ingasebenzi kakuhle, ungacinga ngale nto njenge -pacemaker ebekwe engqondweni .
Okwenzekayo kukuba iingcingo ezincinci kakhulu (ezibizwa ngokuba zii-electrodes) zifakwa engqondweni apho ingxaki ikhoyo. Ezi ngcingo zidityaniswa kwisixhobo esincinci esifana nebhetri (esibizwa ngokuba yi-pulse generator) esifakwe phantsi kwesikhumba kufutshane ne-collarbone yakho. Esi sixhobo sithumela imiqondiso emincinci yombane ukuvuselela iiseli zobuchopho. Ezi mpawu zombane zibangela ukuba ingqondo iqale ukusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwakhona.
Kutheni le nto siludinga olu nyango lwe-DBS?
Ingqondo yethu yindawo emangalisayo apho iibhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, okanye ii-neurons, zisebenza kunye. Ezi neurons zinxibelelana ngemiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali. Khawuthelekelele ukuba xa ufuna ukuphakamisa isandla sakho, isignali ehambelanayo isuka kwingqondo iye esandleni ngokusebenzisa olu thungelwano lwee-neurons.
Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yezifo ezithile, umsebenzi wezi neuron kwezinye iindawo zobuchopho uyancipha okanye awuhlali usenzeka. Emva koko, imisebenzi yomzimba elawulwa yiloo nxalenye ayinakwenziwa ngokufanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukuba ii neuron ezikwinxalenye elawula intshukumo azisebenzi ngokufanelekileyo, izinto ezinje ngokungcangcazela emalungwini kunye nobunzima bokuhamba zinokwenzeka.
Unyango lwe-DBS lusebenza ngokuhambisa imiqondiso yombane engabonakaliyo ngokwenziwa ukuze kuvuseleleke ezi neurons zileleyo. Oku kunokubonelela ngokukhululeka okukhulu kwiimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, abaphandi basafunda ngqo ukuba oku kwenzeka njani.
Zeziphi iimeko ezinyangwa ngempumelelo nge-DBS?
Unyango lwe-DBS lusetyenziswa kakhulu ekunyangeni izifo ezahlukeneyo ezinxulumene nokusebenza kwengqondo. Phakathi kwezi zifo, olu nyango lubonakaliswe lusebenza kakhulu. Makhe sijonge ukuba zeziphi.
| Udidi lwezifo | Inkcazo kunye nemizekelo |
|---|---|
| Iimeko ezivunyiweyo zonyango lwe-DBS | |
| Isifo sikaParkinson | Olu nyango lusebenza kakhulu xa isifo siqhubela phambili kwaye impendulo yamayeza iyancipha. Iimpawu ezifana nokungcangcazela kwamalungu, ukuqina komzimba, kunye nobunzima bokuhamba ziyancipha kakhulu. |
| Uloyiko olubalulekileyo | Le yimeko efana nekaParkinson, ebangela ukungcangcazela emzimbeni. Ukungcangcazela kuyanda, ingakumbi xa uzama ukwenza into ethile (njengokusela iglasi yamanzi, ukubhala). I-DBS inokunceda ekulawuleni le meko. |
| I-Dystonia | Okwenzekayo kule meko kukuba izihlunu ziyafinyela ngokuzenzekelayo, nto leyo ebangela ukuba umzimba ucinge ukuba umzimba umile ngendlela egoso. Unyango lwe-DBS lusetyenziswa ngempumelelo kule meko. |
| Isifo sokuwa esinganyangekiyo ngamayeza | Unyango lwe-DBS lukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizigulana ezingakwaziyo ukulawula ukuxhuzula kwazo nangona zisebenzisa amayeza amaninzi aqhelekileyo. |
| I-OCD engamelani namayeza | Unyango lwe-DBS lusetyenziswa nakwiimeko apho imeko yengqondo ye-Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) ikwinqanaba elibi kakhulu kwaye ayinakulawulwa ngamayeza. |
| Izifo ezinokuba luncedo kuzo unyango lwe-DBS | |
| Ezinye iimeko | Uphando lusaqhubeka malunga nokusebenza kakuhle konyango lwe-DBS kwiimeko ezifana neentlungu eziqatha, i-Tourette syndrome, ukudakumba okukhulu, ukuxhomekeka kwiziyobisi, kunye nesifo sika-Alzheimer. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-DBS ayilonyango oluhambelana nazo zonke. Iqela leengcali zonyango liza kugqiba ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, lithathela ingqalelo izinto ezininzi, ezifana nemeko yakho, ubukhali bayo, kunye nendlela osabela ngayo kumayeza.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Ukuba ugqiba ekubeni wenze utyando lwe-DBS, kukho amanyathelo aliqela ekufuneka uwathathe ukuze ulungiselele.
1. Ingxoxo nogqirha: Okokuqala, ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela zonke iingenelo, iingxaki, kunye neengozi zolu tyando. Eli lixesha elifanelekileyo lokufumana iimpendulo kuyo yonke imibuzo yakho.
2. Uvavanyo lwezonyango: Uvavanyo oluninzi, olufana ne-MRI kunye ne-CT scans, lwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba umzimba wakho ukwimeko efanelekileyo na kolu tyando. Ugqirha usebenzisa imifanekiso evela kwezi scans ukuze afumane indawo efanelekileyo yokufaka i-electrode engqondweni yakho.
3. Ukwazisa ngamayeza: Ufanele uxelele ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza owasebenzisayo ngoku, ingakumbi amayeza okunciphisa igazi. Angacebisa ukuba uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza athile okwethutyana ngaphambi kotyando. Ungaze uyeke ukusebenzisa amayeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala.
4. Ukuzila Ukutya: Ekubeni utyando luza kwenziwa phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo, uya kucetyiswa ukuba ungatyi kwaye ungaseli kangangeeyure ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando (ukuzila ukutya).
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Unyango lwe-DBS alulotyando olunye. Ngokwesiqhelo lutyando oluphindwe kabini okanye kathathu olwenziwa ngeentsuku ezahlukeneyo.
Inyathelo Lokuqala: Ukufaka ii-Electrodes kwiBongo
Olu lolona tyando lubalulekileyo.
- Okokuqala, iinwele zakho ziyachetywa. Emva koko, intloko yakho ibekwa kwisakhelo esikhethekileyo ukuze ingashukumi. Unikwa iyeza lokuthomalalisa ukuze uzive unesizungu, ukuze ungalikhumbuli.
- Emva koko, kwenziwa i-CT scan ukuze kuchongwe indlela echanekileyo yokufaka i-electrode.
- Ugqirha ufaka iyeza lokudambisa intloko kunye nentloko, aze emva koko enze umngxuma omncinci kakhulu entloko.
- Ngeli xesha, ingakumbi ukuba unyanga iingxaki zokunyakaza ezifana neParkinson's,Ungavuka. Musa ukoyika oku. Awuyi kuva ntlungu, kuba iingqondo zethu azikwazi ukubona ngqo intlungu .
- Ngelixa uvukile, ugqirha uza kukucela ukuba wenze izinto ezincinci. Umzekelo, phendula imibuzo, jonga imifanekiso, kwaye ushukumise iingalo nemilenze yakho. Oku kwenzelwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba ii-electrode zikwindawo efanelekileyo engqondweni yakho.
- Nje ukuba i-electrode ibekwe kakuhle, isiphelo esibonakalayo siziswa phantsi kwesikhumba ngasemva kwentloko kwaye sigqunywe okwethutyana ngeplastiki. Emva koko isilonda siyathungwa sivalwe. Ngokwesiqhelo uhlala esibhedlele ubusuku bonke kwaye ungagoduka ngosuku olulandelayo.
Inyathelo lesiBini: Ukufakelwa iPulse Generator
Olu tyando ludla ngokwenziwa ngosuku olwahlukileyo emva kotyando lokuqala. Uza kufakwa i-anesthesia ngokupheleleyo.
- Ugqirha wenza umngxuma omncinci eluswini lwakho ngaphantsi kwethambo lentamo yakho.
- Isithuba esincinci (ingxowa) senziwa phantsi kwesikhumba kwaye ijenereyitha ye-pulse, efana nebhetri, ifakwa ngaphakathi kuyo.
- Emva koko, olunye ucingo (ucingo lolwandiso) ludluliselwa phantsi kwesikhumba oluvela kwi-electrode entloko ukuze luqhagamshelwe kule generator ye-pulse.
- Konke oku kuqhagamshelwe kwaye isilonda sithungiwe. Ekubeni olu lutyando olulula, ungaya ekhaya ngaloo mini inye.
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando?
Emva kokuba utyando luphelile, eyona nto ibalulekileyo iqala: ukuprograma isixhobo .
Kwiiveki ezimbalwa emva kotyando, ugqirha wakho uza kukubiza. Kulapho ke ijenereyitha yepulse iza kuvulwa ize icwangciswe.
Oku kufana nokulungisa unomathotholo kwitshaneli ethile. Kufuneka ulungise useto lwemiqondiso yombane ukuze unike isiqabu esiphezulu kwiimpawu zakho kwaye unciphise iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga. Oku kungadinga ukutyelela ugqirha izihlandlo ezininzi.
Iibhetri ezikwezi jenereyitha zepulse zihlala iminyaka emi-3-5. Ezinye zinokutshajwa, kwaye zihlala iminyaka eli-9. Ukutshintsha ibhetri kufuna utyando oluncinci, kodwa kulula kakhulu kunotyando lokuqala.
Zithini iingenelo zonyango lwe-DBS?
- Ukhetho olufanelekileyo kwizigulana ezingenakulawulwa ngamayeza: I-DBS lithemba elikhulu lobomi xa amayeza engasebenzi okanye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zamayeza zinganyamezeleki. Ikwanceda ekunciphiseni umthamo wamayeza kwizigulana zeParkinson.
- Unyango olutshintsha ubomi: Kumntu ongakwaziyo ukwenza imisebenzi elula ngenxa yeempawu ezinzima, yinto entle ukukwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wakhe eyedwa kwakhona.
- Ingalungiseka: Ukuba imeko yakho iyatshintsha ngokuhamba kwexesha, ungalungisa useto lwejenereyitha ye-pulse ukuze ihambelane.
- Ingaguqulwa:Ukuba olu nyango alukufanelanga nangayiphi na indlela, okanye ukuba ufumana iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga, esi sixhobo singasuswa ngokupheleleyo kolunye utyando.
Ngaba akukho zingozi nangxaki ngolu tyando?
Njengakwezinye iindlela zotyando, utyando lwe-DBS lunokuba neengozi kunye neengxaki. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela ezi zinto ngokweenkcukacha.
| Uhlobo lomngcipheko | Iingxaki ezinokwenzeka |
|---|---|
| Iingozi ezinxulumene notyando |
|
| Iingxaki ezinxulumene nesixhobo | |
| Iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezinokubakho zokukhuthaza | Ezi zinto zihlala zenzeka ngexesha lokwenziwa kweenkqubo kwaye ziyanyamalala xa useto lutshintshiwe.
|
Ixesha lokuchacha kunye nezinto ekufuneka uzazi
Kungathatha iiveki ezininzi ukuba umntu aphile ngokupheleleyo emva kotyando. Ngeli xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.
- Ukuphumla: Kuphephe ukwenza umsebenzi onzima kangangeeveki ezimbini emva kotyando olubini. Musa ukuphakamisa nantoni na enzima ngaphezu kweekhilogram eziyi-2.5.
- Ukuzilolonga: Kuphephe ukuzilolonga okanye umsebenzi onzima kangangeeveki ezi-4-6.
- Lumka: Kuphephe ukuphakamisa iingalo zakho kangangeentsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuba kufakwe ijenereyitha yepulse.
- Ukugcina inxeba licocekile: Gcina amanxeba asentloko nasesifubeni ecocekile kwaye omile. Tshintsha ibhandeji njengoko uyalelwe ngugqirha. Sebenzisa isicoci esithambileyo njengeshampu yosana xa uhlamba. Musa ukukrwela inxeba.
Ixesha lokubona ugqirha ngoko nangoko
Ekubeni i-DBS ilutyando lobuchopho, kufuneka uqaphele kakhulu iimpawu ezithile ezilumkisayo. Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko, okanye uye kwiSebe leNgxamiseko (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane nawe.
* Intloko ebuhlungu ngequbuliso, enzima, nengapheliyo.
* Ukopha ngenxa yokusikeka.
* Ububomvu, ukudumba, okanye ubushushu obungaqhelekanga obujikeleze inxeba (ezi ziimpawu zosulelo).
* Utshintsho olukhawulezileyo embonweni (ukubona kabini, ukubona okufipheleyo).
* Umkhuhlane ongama-38.3 Celsius (101 Fahrenheit) okanye ngaphezulu.
Eminye imibuzo eqhelekileyo malunga ne-DBS
Andinakusebenzisa izixhobo ze-elektroniki ukuba ndine-DBS?
Ngokwesiqhelo, izixhobo zasekhaya ezifana nee-microwave, iikhompyutha kunye nee-smartphone azibangeli ngxaki. Nangona kunjalo, izixhobo zokubona isinyithi kwizikhululo zeenqwelo-moya kunye nezikena ezilwa nokubiwa kwezinye iivenkile zinokuchaphazeleka sesi sixhobo. Ugqirha uza kukunika ikhadi lesazisi elikhethekileyo onokulisebenzisa kwiimeko ezinjalo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu: Emva kokuba isixhobo se-DBS sifakiwe, iimvavanyo zonyango kunye nonyango olufana ne -MRI scans, i-transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), kunye ne-diathermy azinakwenziwa .
Ngaba i-DBS iyayinyanga ngokupheleleyo le sifo?
Hayi. I-DBS ayilonyango, lunyango . Isetyenziselwa ukulawula iimpawu. Uninzi lweemeko ezinyangwa ngolu nyango zihlala ubomi bonke.
Ndingayeka na ukuthatha amayeza emva kwe-DBS?
Usenokukwazi ukunciphisa umthamo wamayeza owathathayo, kodwa akunakwenzeka ukuba uyeke ngokupheleleyo. Unyango lwe-DBS lusebenza kakhulu xa lusetyenziswa kunye namayeza kunye nezinye iindlela zonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukukhuthazwa koBuchopho obuNzulu (i-DBS) yindlela yonyango ephucukileyo elawula iimpawu zesifo sikaParkinson kunye nesifo sokuwa ngokuhambisa imiqondiso yombane engabonakaliyo kwiindawo ezithile zobuchopho.
- Oku kufana nesixhobo sokuncedisa umgudu esifakwe engqondweni. Sidla ngokucetyiswa kwizigulana ekunzima ukuzilawula xa zixhuzula ngamayeza.
- Oku kuquka utyando oluphindwe kabini, kwaye emva kokuba isixhobo sifakiwe, kubalulekile ukusicwangcisa ukuze silungele isigulana.
- I-DBS ayilonyango lwesifo, kodwa lunyango olulawula iimpawu kwaye luphucula umgangatho wobomi.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukufuna ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuba kukho naziphi na iimpawu ezilumkisayo (intloko ebuhlungu, umkhuhlane) emva kotyando.
- Iqela leengcali zonyango kuphela elinokugqiba ukuba olu nyango lukulungele na, ngoko ke ukuba ufuna ukwazi okungakumbi ngalo mba, thetha nogqirha wakho.
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