Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata wakho, okanye iqabane lakho, utshintshe ngequbuliso? Basenokuba benza izinto ngokunenkani kunangaphambili, bethetha amazwi angacacanga, okanye bephelelwa ngumdla kwizinto... Nangona abantu abaninzi becinga ukuba oku kuyinxalenye eqhelekileyo yokwaluphala, ngamanye amaxesha kunokuba luphawu lwemeko embi kakhulu. Namhlanje sithetha ngenye yeemeko ezinjalo, eyiFrontotemporal Dementia.
Yintoni iFrontotemporal Dementia (FTD)?
Ngamafutshane, esi sisifo esichaphazela ingqondo yethu. Cinga ngengqondo yethu njengeziko elikhulu lolawulo. Ziindawo ezahlukeneyo zayo ezilawula yonke into ukususela ekuziphatheni kwethu, kwintetho yethu, nakwizicwangciso zethu.
Kwi-FTD, ii-lobes ezimbini zangaphambili zobuchopho zonakele kakhulu.
1. Iilobe zangaphambili: Ezi zifumaneka emva kwebunzi. Zifana ne-CEO yegumbi lethu lokulawula. Zilawula ubuntu bethu, ukwenza izigqibo, ukulawula iimvakalelo zethu, kunye nendlela esiziphatha ngayo kuluntu.
2. Ii-temporal lobes: Ezi zikwicala leendlebe. Ezi zifana nolwimi lwethu kunye neendawo zethu zenkumbulo. Le nxalenye isinceda siqonde amagama, sithethe, kwaye sikhumbule izinto.
Kwi-FTD, iiseli zemithambo-luvo (ii-neurons) kwezi ndawo zimbini ziyabola kwaye ziyafa kancinci kancinci. Njengoko iiseli zemithambo-luvo zisifa, ezo ndawo zengqondo ziyancipha, njengebhaluni ephumayo. Ngenxa yoko, imisebenzi elawulwa zezo ndawo iyalahleka kancinci kancinci. Esi sisifo esiqhubekayo esiba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-FTD?
I-FTD ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Iimpawu ziyahluka ngokuxhomekeke ekubeni leliphi icala lobuchopho elonakeleyo. Ngoko ke, kukho iintlobo ezininzi eziphambili.
| Uhlobo | Iimpawu eziphambili ezibonakalayo |
|---|---|
| Uhlobo lokuziphatha (bvFTD) | Olu lolona hlobo luxhaphakileyo. Ubuntu nokuziphatha kuyatshintsha ngokupheleleyo. Benza kwaye bathetha izinto ezingamkelekanga eluntwini. Abaqondi ukuba oko bakwenzayo akulunganga. Balahlekelwa luvelwano lwabo. |
| Iingxaki zokuthetha (i-Primary Progressive Aphasia - i-PPA) | Ingxaki ephambili apha inxulumene nolwimi. Xa uthetha, kuba nzima ukufumana amagama, amagama ayaxutywa, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuqonda oko kuthethwayo. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, ubuchule bokufunda nokubhala nabo buyalahleka. |
| Iintlobo ezibangela ubunzima ekushukumeni | Oku kuquka iimeko ezifana nokuwohloka kwe-Corticobasal kunye ne-Progressive supranuclear palsy. Kukho iingxaki zokunyakaza komzimba. Umzekelo, ubunzima bokusebenzisa icala elinye lomzimba, ukulahlekelwa yibhalansi xa uhamba, kunye nobunzima bokuhambisa amehlo. |
| I-FTD kunye nezinye izifo kunye (ezifana ne-FTD-ALS) | Ngamanye amaxesha i-FTD inokwenzeka kunye nezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo, ezifana ne-ALS, ezenza izihlunu zibe buthathaka. Kwimeko enjalo, utshintsho kwindlela yokuziphatha nentetho, kunye nobuthathaka bemisipha ngokukhawuleza, luyabonakala. |
Ziziphi iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ze-FTD?
Nangona iimpawu zahlukile kwisigulana ngasinye, kukho iimpawu eziqhelekileyo ezinokukunceda ufumane umbono wemeko leyo.
| Uphawu | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ukulahlekelwa ngumdla (Ukungakhathali) | Baphelelwa ngumdla kunye nokuzimisela ukwenza nantoni na. Bayarhoxa kuluntu kwaye abacingi nokucoceka kwabo. |
| Ukuziphatha okungafanelekanga kwezentlalo | Xa bethetha, akukho 'sihluzo'. Bathetha nantoni na efika engqondweni, bengacingi ukuba iza kubenzakalisa abanye na iimvakalelo zabo. Basenokuhendeka ekwenzeni izinto ezinobungozi. |
| Ukulahlekelwa luvelwano | Baye bangakwazi ukuqonda iimvakalelo zabanye abantu, njengosizi okanye ulonwabo. Basenokuziphatha ngokungathi abanantliziyo. |
| Utshintsho kwindlela yokutya | Ukutya ukutya okuninzi ngaxeshanye, ingakumbi iilekese. Abanye abantu bayalingeka ukuba batye izinto abangafanele bazitye (umz., uthuli, iphepha). Oku kuthiwa yiPica ngokwezonyango. |
| Ukuphinda into efanayo | Ukuphinda-phinda igama okanye isivakalisi esinye ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Okanye ukwenza isenzo esifanayo (umz., ukuqhwaba izandla). |
| Ubunzima bokucwangcisa | Kuba nzima ukucwangcisa umsebenzi, ukusombulula iingxaki, nokwenza izigqibo. |
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba ezi mpawu azibonakali kangako ekuqaleni, kodwa ziya ziba mandundu kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
Kutheni i-FTD ikhula? Ngubani osengozini?
Abaphandi abakaqiniseki ukuba yintoni kanye kanye ebangela i-FTD, kodwa kukho izinto ezimbini eziphambili eziqwalaselwayo.
- Iiproteni ezifakwayo: Kukholelwa ukuba iiproteni ezingaqhelekanga ziqokelelana ngaphakathi kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo engqondweni, ziyonakalisa iiseli zize zife.
- Impembelelo yemfuza: Malunga nesinye kwisithathu sabantu abane-FTD banembali yentsapho yale meko. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nale meko, nawe usengozini yokuba nayo. Oku kusenokubangelwa kukutshintsha kwemfuza yakho.
Ukongeza, ezinye izifundo zibonise ukuba ukwenzakala okukhulu entloko ngaphambili (ukulimala kwengqondo okubuhlungu) kunokuba yinto ebangela umngcipheko.
Ugqirha uyixilonga njani i-FTD?
Ukufumanisa i-FTD kunokuba nzima, njengoko iimpawu zinokufana nezezinye izifo zengqondo (ezifana nokudakumba) okanye i-Alzheimer's.
Ngoko ke, ugqirha uza kukubuza wena kunye nesigulana umbuzo oneenkcukacha malunga neempawu zenu. Emva koko, banokwenza uvavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho ezinye izifo ezikhoyo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga ezinye iimeko zempilo.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso yobuchopho: Uvavanyo olufana ne -MRI, i-CT scan , okanye i-PET scan lunokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba iindawo ezingaphambili zobuchopho zinciphile na.
- Uvavanyo lwengqondo: Unikwa imibuzo eliqela kunye nemisebenzi elinganisa izinto ezifana nenkumbulo, ingqalelo, kunye nokukwazi ukusombulula iingxaki.
- Uvavanyo lwemfuza: Lungenziwa ukuba kuyimfuneko kuxhomekeke kwimbali yosapho.
Emva kokujonga konke oku, ugqirha ufikelela kwisigqibo sokuba yi-FTD.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-FTD?
Into ebuhlungu kukuba akukho nyango lwe-FTD okwangoku. Nangona kunjalo, kukho unyango olunokunceda ukulawula iimpawu kunye nokugcina umgangatho wobomi besigulana ixesha elide kangangoko kunokwenzeka.
- Amayeza: Amayeza anjengeSelective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors (SSRIs) anokumiselwa ukulawula iingxaki zokuziphatha (umsindo, ukungakhathali). Amanye amayeza anokumiselwa neengxaki zengqondo.
- Unyango lonyango:
- Unyango lokuthetha: Ukuba unengxaki yokuthetha, oku kunokukunceda uziqhelanise nezinye iindlela zokunxibelelana.
- Unyango lomzimba: Ukuba kukho iingxaki zokuhamba, kucetyiswa ukuba wenze umthambo ukuze ugcine ulungelelwano kunye namandla emzimbeni.
- Izixhobo zokuncedisa: Ukuba unengxaki yokuhamba, ungasebenzisa izinto ezifana ne-walker okanye i-wheelchair.
Zonke ezi ndlela zonyango zimiselwa ngokwemeko yesigulane kunye neempawu zaso. Kungoko ke, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthetha nogqirha wakho kwaye ulandele imiyalelo yakhe ngokuchanekileyo .
Yintoni onokuyilindela xa uhlala ne-FTD?
Olu luhambo olunzima kakhulu kwisigulana nakusapho olubanyamekelayo. Njengoko isifo siqhubeka, isigulana sisenokungakwazi ukwenza imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla sodwa. Ngenxa yoko, kunokufuneka unyango olupheleleyo.
Ukuba ufunyenwe unesi sifo sisaqala, kukho into ebaluleke kakhulu onokuyenza. Oko kukuthi , wenze izigqibo malunga nekamva lakho, uxelele abantu obathandayo, kwaye ulungiselele amaxwebhu asemthethweni.
Kunzima ukuba nencoko elolu hlobo. Kodwa inokuthintela usapho ekubeni lukhathazeke ngokuba "angathanda ntoni?" emva kokuba isifo sifikelele kwinqanaba apho angakwaziyo ukwenza izigqibo.
Nangona umyinge wobomi obulindelekileyo emva kokufunyaniswa kwe-FTD umalunga neminyaka esi-7-13, ezi zibalo azisebenzi kuwo wonke umntu. Oku kunokwahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Umntu ofanelekileyo ukwazi kakuhle imeko yomntu omthandayo ngugqirha wakhe.
Ukufa ngqo ngenxa ye-FTD kunqabile, kodwa iingxaki ezifana ne-pneumonia ezibangelwa kubunzima bokuginya zinokuba yingozi ebomini.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) sisifo esichaphazela kakhulu indlela yokuziphatha, ubuntu, kunye nolwimi , endaweni yokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo.
- Le yimeko eqhubeka iba mandundu kancinci kancinci ngokuhamba kwexesha.
- Nangona kungekho nyango lupheleleyo, kukho unyango olunokulawula iimpawu nokubonelela ngesiqabu kwisigulana.
- Ukuba ubona utshintsho olungachazekiyo noluqhubekayo kwindlela umntu okwintsapho yakho aziphatha ngayo okanye athetha ngayo, bona ugqirha ngokukhawuleza ukuze akunike icebiso.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxilonga isifo kwasekuqaleni, ucebe ikamva, kwaye ufumane inkxaso efunekayo kumguli nakusapho.
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