Ngaba wakha weva ngogqirha ekunika wena okanye umntu kusapho lwakho isithambisi 'segazi' esibhedlele? Iyeza olinikwayo lisenokuba yi-heparin. Abantu abaninzi balibiza ngokuba 'sisithambisi segazi'. Kodwa eli gama linokuba lilahlekisa kancinci. Alithinti 'igazi' njengamanzi. Ngoko ke yintoni? Lithintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi ayingozi emizimbeni yethu, okanye lithintele ukuba ihlwili legazi elikhoyo likhule. Ngoko ke namhlanje, masithethe nge-heparin, ebalulekileyo kubantu abaninzi, ngendlela elula neqondakalayo.
Yintoni kanye kanye iHeparin?
Ngamafutshane, i-heparin sisithintelo sokuwa kwegazi. Oko kukuthi, iyeza elithintela igazi ekujiyeni. Aliqhekeki kwaye linyibilikise ihlwili legazi esele lenziwe, kodwa linokunceda umzimba ukuba ulinyibilikise ngokuthintela ukuba lingabi likhulu.
Usenokuba uzibuza ukuba kutheni le nto inganikwa njengepilisi. Isizathu kukuba amathumbu ethu awakwazi ukufunxa eli yeza libizwa ngokuba yi-heparin. Ngoko ke, ukuba silithatha njengepilisi, aliyi kuba namsebenzi. Yiyo loo nto iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-heparin lihlala linikwa ngeendlela ezimbini:
1. Ngesisombululo setyuwa esifakwa emthanjeni (IV Infusion): Oku kusebenza ngokukhawuleza kuba iyeza lingena ngqo egazini.
2. Njengomjovo phantsi kolusu (Injection yeSubcutaneous): Xa inikwa ngolu hlobo, kuthatha malunga neyure okanye ezimbini ukuba iyeza lifunxwe emzimbeni.
I-heparin isebenza njani emizimbeni yethu?
Ukuze siqonde oku, masithathe umzekelo omncinci. Khawucinge ukuba ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi emzimbeni wethu yinkqubo entsonkothileyo, njengokwenza imveliso efektri. Oku kufuna abasebenzi abaninzi abahlukeneyo (iikhemikhali ezahlukeneyo kunye neeproteni emzimbeni wethu) ukuba basebenzisane ngaxeshanye.
Abasebenzi ababini abaphambili kule fektri yi -'Thrombin' kunye ne -'Factor Xa' . Aba babini benza amanye amanyathelo okugqibela nawona abalulekileyo kwinkqubo yokwenza amahlwili egazi.
IHeparin isebenza njengomphathi okrelekrele oza kungena aze abeke ecaleni izixhobo abanazo aba basebenzi babini babalulekileyo. Oko kukuthi, iheparin ingena ize ivale zombini 'ithrombin' kunye 'ne-factor Xa'. Emva koko abakwazi ukwenza umsebenzi wabo. Ekugqibeleni, yonke imboni iyayeka ukusebenza, kwaye amahlwili egazi amatsha ayayeka ukwakheka ngokupheleleyo. Uyaqonda? Kulula kakhulu, akunjalo?
Ziziphi iimeko oogqirha abasebenzisa i-heparin kuzo?
I-Heparin liyeza elibaluleke kakhulu elinokusindisa ubomi. Ke ngoko, lisetyenziselwa ukunyanga nokuthintela iimeko ezahlukeneyo zonyango. Makhe sijonge iimeko eziphambili.
| Imeko/Isiganeko | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| I-VTE (i-VTE) ye-Thromboembolism yemithambo yegazi | Ukwakheka kwehlwili legazi emthanjeni emzimbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini eziphambili zale nto (i-DVT kunye ne-PE). |
| Ukuqhekeka kwegazi kwimithambo enzulu (iDeep Vein Thrombosis - DVT) | Ihlwili legazi, elidla ngokuba kumthambo onzulu emlenzeni okanye engalweni. Le ngozi iphezulu emva kotyando olukhulu okanye xa kufuneka uhlale endaweni enye ixesha elide. |
| Ukuxhuzula kweMiphunga (PE) | Ihlwili legazi elenzeka kwindawo efana ne-DVT liyaqhekeka lize lihlale emthanjeni emaphaphu. Le yimeko engxamisekileyo neyingozi. |
| Ukuhlaselwa yintliziyo | Ukuthintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi angakumbi kwisifo sentliziyo esibangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni ohambisa igazi entliziyweni. |
| Istroke | Kwimeko yestroke ebangelwa kukuqhekeka kwegazi emthanjeni wegazi engqondweni. |
| Utyando Olukhulu | Ingakumbi emva kotyando olufana nokufakelwa isinqe okanye idolo, isigulana sisengozini enkulu yokuba namahlwili egazi kuba awashukumi. Ukuthintela oko. |
| I-Atrial Fibrillation (i-Afib) | Ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuba igazi liqhekeke entliziyweni ngenxa yokubetha kwentliziyo okungahambelaniyo, okunokuhamba kuye engqondweni kuze kubangele isifo sohlangothi. |
| Ukucoca izintso | Ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kumatshini wokucoca igazi ococa igazi lezigulana ezingasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. |
Ukongeza, kukho iimeko apho kusetyenziswa i-heparin ukuba umama usemngciphekweni omkhulu wokuqhekeka kwegazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, kuba ayilimazi umntwana ongekazalwa.
Kwenzeka ntoni xa kunikwa i-heparin? Ijongwa njani?
Oogqirha abakuniki nje i-heparin. Eli liyeza elinikwa ngononophelo olukhulu kwaye libekwe esweni rhoqo.
Ngaphambi kokuba uqale unyango lwe-heparin, ugqirha wakho ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuthatha isampuli yegazi lakho aze enze uvavanyo.
Olu vavanyo lubizwa ngokuba yi -aPTT (ixesha le-activated partial thromboplastin) . Lulinganisa ixesha elithathwa ligazi lakho ukuba lijiye. Isiphumo sisetyenziselwa ukumisela idosi ye-heparin ekufuneka uyinikwe.
Kwanasemva kokuba uqalise unyango lwe-heparin, igazi lakho liya kutsalwa ngamaxesha athile (umzekelo, qho emva kweeyure ezi-6) kwaye olu vavanyo lwe-aPTT luya kuphindwa. Lujonga ukuba idosi ye-heparin oyinikwayo yanele na, iphezulu kakhulu, okanye ayanelanga. Ngoko ke, ugqirha wakho uya kutshintsha idosi ukuze ihlale ikwinqanaba elifanelekileyo kuwe. Kwezinye iimeko ezingxamisekileyo, xa kufuneka iziphumo ezikhawulezileyo, kusetyenziswa olunye uvavanyo olubizwa ngokuba yi-ACT (ixesha lokuqunjelwa elisebenzayo) .
Ndifanele ndithathe i-heparin ixesha elingakanani?
Oku kuxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kwisizathu sokuba unikwe i-heparin. Umzekelo, emva kotyando olukhulu, inokunikwa malunga neentsuku ezisi-7 ude ukwazi ukuvuka uhambe. Kwimeko efana nokuhlaselwa yintliziyo, inokunikwa iintsuku ezimbalwa ude imeko ilawuleke.
I-Heparin idla ngokuba liyeza elinikwa esibhedlele. Ngaphambi kokuba ubuye ekhaya uvela esibhedlele, ugqirha wakho uza kukususa kwi-heparin oyinikwe nge-IV aze akutshintshele kwenye iyeza elinciphisa igazi onokulisebenzisa njengepilisi.
Iingenelo, iingozi, kunye nemiphumo emibi ye-heparin
Njengayo nayiphi na imithi, i-heparin ineenzuzo kunye neengozi.
Iingenelo eziphambili ze-heparin
- Ukusebenza ngokukhawuleza: Kusebenza ngoko nangoko, ingakumbi xa kufakwa ngemithambo yegazi.
- Ukususwa ngokukhawuleza: Xa iyeza liyekiswa, iziphumo zalo ziyanyamalala ngokukhawuleza emzimbeni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezifana nangaphambi kotyando.
- Ukuguquka kwesiphumo: Ukuba idosi ye-heparin inyusiwe ngandlela thile kwaye ukuphuma kwegazi kwenzeka, kukho iyeza elibizwa ngokuba yi-protamine elinokuguqula ngoko nangoko isiphumo salo.
- Iminyaka yokuthembana:Liyeza elifundwe kakuhle elisetyenziswe ngokukhuselekileyo ngoogqirha kwihlabathi liphela kangangeminyaka emininzi.
Iingozi kunye nemiphumo emibi
Eyona ngozi inkulu neyona inzima kukopha kakhulu . Xa i-heparin isemzimbeni, kwanesilonda esincinci sinokubangela ukopha kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, ukuba ufumana nayiphi na imivumbo engaqhelekanga ngelixa ufumana unyango lwe-heparin, ukopha kweentsini xa uhlamba amazinyo akho, okanye naluphi na olunye ukopha okungaqhelekanga , yazisa ugqirha wakho okanye umongikazi wakho ngokukhawuleza .
Ukuba uvuka ebhedini ngelixa usesibhedlele, cela umntu akuncede ukunciphisa umngcipheko wokuwa. Ukuba uyawa, usengozini enkulu yokopha.
Ukuba ufumana idosi ephezulu kakhulu, kukho ithuba elincinci lokuba amalungu angaphakathi anje ngengqondo, imiphunga, kunye nesisu anokopha ngokuzenzekelayo. Nangona kunjalo, le ngozi iphantsi kakhulu kuba idosi ilawulwa kuvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo esibhedlele.
Enye into ebalulekileyo! Amanye amayeza owasebenzisayo anokusebenzisana ne-heparin. Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho ngamanye amayeza, iivithamini, okanye amayeza esintu owasebenzisayo.
Ezinye iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga:
- Intlungu okanye ukukrweleka kwindawo efakwe inaliti.
- Ukulahleka kweenwele (oku kungokwexeshana).
- I-Thrombocytopenia (ubuninzi beeplatelet ezisezantsi). Oku kukwayinto oogqirha abadla ngokuyijonga ngovavanyo lwegazi.
Iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezifuna unyango olukhawulezileyo
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo ngelixa usela i-heparin, oko kungaba luphawu lokopha kakhulu. Ngoko ke , musa ukulibazisa kwaye ufune ingcebiso yezonyango ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) elikufutshane.
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso | |
|---|---|
| 🔴 Ubunzima bokuphefumla, ukuphefumla ngokukhawuleza. | 🔴 Ukopha okungenakunqandwa (umz. ukusuka empumlweni). |
| 🔴 Imivumbo engaqhelekanga, amabala, okanye amaqhuqhuva eluswini. | 🔴 Ubuthathaka okanye ukuba ndindisholo ngequbuliso kwelinye icala lomzimba. |
| 🔴 Ukudideka ngequbuliso, ubunzima bokuhamba. | 🔴 Ubunzima bokubona okanye ukuva ngequbuliso. |
| 🔴 Intloko ebuhlungu kakhulu. | 🔴 Intlungu yesifuba okanye ukubetha kwentliziyo ngokukhawuleza. |
| 🔴 Ukuhlanza okungathi yikofu. | 🔴 Izihlalo ezimnyama, ezithambileyo, okanye ezimdaka ngegazi. |
| 🔴 Umchamo ujika ube mdaka okanye ube bomvu. | |
Ukuba ugqirha esibhedlele ugqibe ekubeni akunike i-heparin, ungoyiki. Oku kuthetha ukuba kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthintela ukuqhekeka kwegazi kuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho. Oogqirha baya kuhlala bekujongile kwaye bakunike idosi efunekayo nekhuselekileyo. Ukuba unemibuzo malunga noku, ungoyiki ukubuza ugqirha wakho.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- IHeparin ayisiyonto yokunciphisa igazi, kodwa sisiyobisi esithintela ukwakheka kwamahlwili egazi ayingozi .
- Le ayinakuthatyathwa njengepilisi. Inikwa kuphela njengenaliti okanye ngesisombululo sesaline esifakwa emthanjeni .
- Umngcipheko omkhulu wolu nyango kukopha kakhulu kunesiqhelo , ngoko ke lumka kwiingozi ezifana nokuwa.
- Kubalulekile ukwazisa ugqirha wakho malunga nazo zonke ezinye iziyobisi ozisebenzisayo (kuquka iivithamini kunye namayeza e-Ayurvedic).
- Ukuba ubona iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezifana nokuhlanza okufana nekofu, indle emnyama, okanye ukopha okungenakunqandwa, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko.
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