Ingaba nawe unayo igazi kumchamo wakho? Masithethe nge-IgA Nephropathy!

Ngaba wakha waphawula igazi elincinci kumchamo wakho? Okanye unemilenze evuvukileyo, uzive ubuthathaka, okanye udiniwe rhoqo? Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zesifo sezintso, mhlobo wam. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngesifo sezintso esinegama elintsonkothileyo, kodwa esifanele silazi sonke. Yi-IgA Nephropathy. Ungakhathazeki, masithethe ngayo ngokulula.

Yintoni i-IgA Nephropathy? Ngamafutshane...

Ngamafutshane, i-IgA nephropathy luhlobo lwesifo sezintso. Okwenzekayo koku kukuba i-`(Antibody)` emzimbeni wethu, oko kukuthi, i-antibody ebizwa ngokuba yi-`IgA`, iqokelelana ngaphakathi kwezintso, ibangele ukudumba, oko kukuthi, ukudumba. Oku kudumba konakalisa imithambo yegazi emincinci kakhulu kwizintso, iindawo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-`(Glomeruli)` ezisebenza njengezihluzo. Khawuthelekelele, izintso zethu zifana nezihluzo ezibini ezihluza imveliso engcolileyo emzimbeni kwaye ziyikhuphe njengomchamo. Ngoko ke, xa ezi `(Glomeruli)` zonakele, igazi (`(Hematuria)`) kunye neproteni (`(Proteinuria)`) ziqala ukuphuma kwizintso kunye nomchamo.

Ikwaziwa nangamanye amagama, anje nge-'IgAN' kunye ne-'Berger's disease'. Isizathu soku kukuba oogqirha ababini baseFransi, uJean Berger noNicole Hinglas, baqala ukufumanisa esi sifo ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yoo-1960.

Lithetha ukuthini eli gama?

Igama elithi "IgA nephropathy" livakala lide kancinci, akunjalo? Masibone ukuba lithetha ukuthini.

• I-Immunoglobulin A (IgA): Le yi-antibody endikhankanyileyo ngaphambili. Yiproteni eyenziwe yinkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, inkqubo esikhusela kwizifo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukusikhusela kubahlaseli bamanye amazwe njengeebhaktheriya kunye neentsholongwane.
• I-Nephropathy: Eli ligama lezonyango. Ngamafutshane, lisetyenziselwa ukuchaza nawuphi na umonakalo, isifo, okanye enye ingxaki eyenzeka kwizintso.

Ngaba oku kusongela ubomi?

Nantsi into ebalulekileyo. Ukuba ayinyangwa, i-IgA nephropathy inokuba mandundu kancinci kancinci ize ikhokelele ekungasebenzini kwezintso. Ukungasebenzi kwezintso kunokuba yingozi ebomini ukuba ayinyangwa. Kodwa ungakhathazeki, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, indlela esi sifo sihamba ngayo ingalawulwa kakhulu.

Ixhaphake kangakanani le sifo?

I-IgA nephropathy sisifo sezintso esixhaphakileyo. Sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka. Ukuxhaphaka kwaso kuyahluka kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi. Kubikwa ukuba esi sifo sibonakala rhoqo kumazwe aseMpuma Asia, oko kukuthi, kummandla esihlala kuwo. Le meko ikwayinto oogqirha abayibona rhoqo eSri Lanka.

Ziziphi iimpawu eziphambili?

Amaxesha amaninzi, kusenokungabikho zimpawu ekuqaleni. Esi sifo sinokuqhubeka iminyaka okanye amashumi eminyaka ngaphandle kwezimpawu. Nangona kunjalo, xa kuvela iimpawu, unokubona izinto ezifana nezi:

• Igazi kumchamo:Ngamanye amaxesha umchamo ungajika ube bomvu, ube mdaka, okanye ube nombala wamanzi eti. Olu luphawu lokuqala oluqatshelwa ngabantu abaninzi.
• Intlungu yecala: Oku kubhekisa kwintlungu emacaleni omabini esinqeni, apho izintso zikhoyo.
• Ukudumba (Ukudumba): Ukudumba kunokwenzeka, ingakumbi emilenzeni, emaqatheni, esiswini, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ebusweni.
• Umchamo onegwebu: Ukuba ubona igwebu elingakumbi kumchamo wakho kunesiqhelo, oko kukwaluphawu.

Khawucinge nje, uSamantha (igama elingelolokwenyani) ngutitshala oselula. Ngolunye usuku, emva kokuba ephilile ngenxa yomkhuhlane, waphawula ukuba umchamo wakhe ujika ube bomvu. Ekuqaleni akazange awunike ngqalelo, ecinga, "Mhlawumbi kukudinwa nje." Kodwa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa, imilenze yakhe yaqala ukudumba, waza waziva ediniwe kakhulu. Kuphela emva kokubona ugqirha nokufumana iimvavanyo apho wafunyaniswa ukuba une-IgA nephropathy.

Kutheni esi sifo senzeka? Zithini izizathu?

Iingcali zonyango zikholelwa ukuba i-IgA nephropathy "sisifo esihlasela umzimba ngokwawo." Ngamafutshane, okwenzekayo apha kukuba inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, amajoni afanele ukusikhusela kwizifo, ahlasela izintso zethu ngempazamo.

Abantu abane-IgA nephropathy banohlobo oluncinci lweswekile ebizwa ngokuba yi-`(Galactose)` kwii-antibodies zabo ze-`IgA` kunesiqhelo. Inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela iyazi ukuba le `(Galactose)` ayinayo i-`IgA` "njengomhlaseli wangaphandle". Emva koko oku kuyenzeka:

• Ezinye ii-antibodies emzimbeni wethu zibopha kule `(Galactose)`-engenayo i-`IgA`.
• Le `IgA` iyadibana ukuze yenze amaqoqo amancinci abizwa ngokuba yi`Immune complexes`.
• Ezi `(Immune complexes)` zinamathela kwizihluzo ezincinci ezikwizintso zethu, ezibizwa ngokuba yi`(Glomeruli)`.
• Emva koko kuvela ukudumba apho kwaye izintso ziqala ukonakala.

Xa sinomkhuhlane, umkhuhlane, okanye umphimbo obuhlungu, ezi 'IgA immune complexes' zijikeleza emizimbeni yethu ngobuninzi. Ezinye zezi ziphelela kwizintso, ngoko ke abanye abantu baqala ukuba neempawu ze-IgA nephropathy emva kokuba benomkhuhlane okanye umkhuhlane.

Ingaba le yinto evela kwizizukulwana ngezizukulwana?

Kwabanye abantu, oku kusenokunxulunyaniswa nembali yentsapho yesi sifo. Oko kukuthi, kunokubakho impembelelo yemfuza eyenzeka kwiintsapho. Oogqirha bafumene iimpawu zemfuza. Oko kukuthi, kunokubakho unxibelelwano phakathi kotshintsho oluthile lwemfuza kunye ne-IgA nephropathy.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu sesi sifo?

Nangona nabani na enokuba ne-IgA nephropathy, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu. Oku kuquka:

• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho one-IgA nephropathy.
• Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho one-'IgA vasculitis' (ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-'(Henoch-Schönlein purpura)`).
• Uphando lwaseMelika lubonisa ukuba amadoda anamathuba aphindwe kabini okuba semngciphekweni kunabafazi.
• Kubantu abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka eli-15-18 ukuya kuthi ga kwiminyaka engama-30 ubudala .
• IsiAsia okanye isiYurophuKuthiwa abantu baseAsia, njengeSri Lanka, banokukubona oku ngakumbi.

Oku kudla ngokuqala xa uneminyaka emingaphi?

Nangona esi sifo sinokuchaphazela abantu bayo nayiphi na iminyaka, iimpawu zokuqala zihlala ziqala ukubonakala kulutsha lomntu, phakathi kweminyaka eli-15-18 ukuya ngasekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30.

Zeziphi iingxaki ezinokwenzeka ukuba azinyangwa?

Ukuba i-IgA nephropathy ayinyangwa kakuhle, iingxaki ezahlukeneyo zinokuvela ngokuhamba kwexesha. Ezona ziphambili zezi:

• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Oku kuthetha ukunyuka koxinzelelo lwegazi .
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso: Ukulahlekelwa ngumsebenzi wezintso ngequbuliso.
• Ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso okungapheliyo: Ubuthathaka obuhamba kancinci kancinci bezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha .
• Isifo seNephrotic: Esi sisifo apho izintso zikhupha iiproteni ezininzi kumchamo. Oku kubangela ukudumba kunye namanqanaba aphezulu e-cholesterol.
• Iingxaki zenkqubo yentliziyo: Oku kuthetha ukuba umngcipheko wokuba nesifo sentliziyo kunye neengxaki zemithambo yegazi uyanda.

Oogqirha bayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo le sifo?

Xa ubona ugqirha, uza kukubuza ngeempawu zakho, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho okhe waba nale meko, kunye nembali yakho yezonyango. Emva koko baza kwenza uvavanyo lomzimba, olunokubandakanya ukujonga uxinzelelo lwakho lwegazi kunye nokujonga ukudumba. Ukongeza, banokwenza olu vavanyo lulandelayo:

• Uvavanyo lomchamo: Ukujonga igazi kunye neproteni kumchamo.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi: Jonga amanqanaba e-cholesterol, iiproteni, kunye nenkunkuma egazini.
• Uvavanyo lwegazi oluqikelelweyo lwezinga lokuhluza i-glomerular (eGFR): Olu vavanyo lulinganisa ukuba ingakanani igazi elihluzwa zizintso zakho ngempumelelo ngomzuzu.
• Uvavanyo lweproteni yomchamo: Uvavanyo lweproteni kunye/okanye uhlobo lweproteni olubizwa ngokuba yi-albumin kumchamo.
• Uvavanyo lokuqokelelwa komchamo oluthatha iiyure ezingama-24: Qokelela umchamo imini yonke uze ubone ukuba ingakanani na iproteni ekhutshwayo.

Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukwenza i-biopsy yezintso?

Ewe, ukuba ezinye iimvavanyo ziphakamisa ukurhanelwa ngesi sifo, uvavanyo olubalulekileyo lokuqinisekisa isifo yi-biopsy yezintso . Kule meko, ugqirha uthatha iqhekeza elincinci kakhulu lesicwili esisezintsoni esebenzisa isixhobo esincinci esifana nenaliti. Emva koko ingcali yezifo, ingcali ekuhlolweni kwezicwili, ijonga elo qhekeza phantsi kwe-microscope. Emva koko, kunokuthethwa ngokuchanekileyo ukuba i-IgA ibekwe kwizintso, ukuba umonakalo wenzeke kangakanani, kwaye inqanaba lesi sifo lingakanani.

Zeziphi iindlela zonyango ezikhoyo?

Injongo ephambili yonyango kukulawula ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo kunye nokuthintela ukuba singaqhubeki siye kwisifo sezintso esikwinqanaba lokugqibela (ESRD). Ukuba ugqirha ukuxelela ukuba une-IgA nephropathy, kusenokwenzeka ukuba akuthumele kwi-nephrologist, ugqirha ogxile kwizifo zezintso.

Unyango lwe-IgA nephropathy lungabandakanya la mayeza alandelayo:

• Lawula uxinzelelo lwegazi: Amayeza afana ne-`(i-Angiotensin-converting enzyme - ACE) inhibitors` kunye ne-`(i-Angiotensin receptor blockers - ARBs)`. La mayeza anciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye anciphisa nomonakalo kwizintso.
• Susa amanzi agqithisileyo emzimbeni: Amayeza okudambisa umchamo, aziwa ngokuba "ziipilisi zamanzi."
• Lawula amajoni omzimba: Ukunciphisa ukudumba kwizintso, amanye amayeza afana ne-steroids (umz., i-prednisone) okanye i-cyclophosphamide anokunikwa. La mayeza anikwa ngokuxhomekeke kubunzima besifo.
• Amanqanaba aphantsi e-cholesterol: Amayeza afana ne-`(Statins)`.

Ngaba ukususa iitoni (iTonsillectomy) kuyanceda koku?

Olunye uphando lubonise ukuba inani elincinci labantu abane-IgA nephropathy banokungenelwa kukususwa kweetoni. Nangona kunjalo, olu asilonyango lomntu wonke . Kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ukuze ubone ukuba oku kulungile na kuwe.

Yintoni omele uyilindele xa uphila nesi sifo?

Oku kunokwahluka kumntu nomntu. Ngamanye amaxesha i-IgA nephropathy iba ngcono ngonyango olulula. Amaxesha amaninzi, esi sifo sinokukhula ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ekhokelela ekungasebenzini kakuhle kwezintso kwiminyaka embalwa.

Nangona kunjalo, ngonyango olufanelekileyo, uninzi lwabantu lunokuphila nezintso zabo ziphilile kangangoko kunokwenzeka kwaye lulawule ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Ngokwezifundo, malunga nomntu omnye kwabane abadala abane-IgA nephropathy basengozini yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso ngokuhamba kwexesha. Phakathi kwabantwana, le ngozi inokuba phezulu njengomntu omnye kwabayi-10 ukuya kwabayi-20.

Ngaba kuya kufuneka ukuba kufakelwe izintso?

Iyahluka nakwisigulana ngasinye. Asingomntu wonke oqhubeka ngesantya esifanayo. Abanye abantu basabela kakuhle kunyango kwaye banokuphila nale meko ixesha elide.

Ukuba izintso zakho ziyeka ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo ngequbuliso ngenxa ye-IgA nephropathy, kunokufuneka ucinge nge-dialysis (inkqubo yokucoca igazi) okanye ukufakelwa izintso. Iqela lakho lezonyango liza kuxoxa nawe ngazo zonke ezi ndlela.

Ihlala ixesha elingakanani le sifo?

I-IgA nephropathy sisifo sezintso esiqhubekayo esihlala ubomi bonke. Oku kuthetha ukuba sinokuba mandundu ngokuhamba kwexesha. Nangona kunjalo, amayeza anokunciphisa izinga lokukhula kwaso.

Kuthekani ngobomi bomntu?

Izifundo zibonise ukuba umyinge wobomi babantu abane-IgA nephropathy unokuncipha ngeminyaka emi-6 ukuya kweli-10 xa kuthelekiswa nomntu ongenaso esi sifo. Nangona kunjalo, le yingxelo-manani nje. Ungalibali ukuba ngonyango olufanelekileyo kunye notshintsho kwindlela yokuphila, le meko inokulawulwa kakhulu.

Ndingaphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo?

Ewe ngokwenene! Ukuba banyangwa ngokufanelekileyo kwaye baphila njengoko ugqirha wabo ecebisa, uninzi lwabantu abane-IgA nephropathy banokuphila ubomi obude nobonwabisayo. Banokuqhubeka nokusebenza, baye esikolweni, kwaye benze izinto abazithandayo.

Ngaba ikho indlela yokuthintela oku ukuba kungenzeki?

Ngelishwa, akukho ndlela iqinisekisiweyo yokuthintela i-IgA nephropathy. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba kukho umntu kusapho lwakho onesifo, kubalulekile ukuthetha nogqirha wakho ngeendlela zokuhlala usempilweni, ingakumbi ukugcina uxinzelelo lwegazi kunye namanqanaba e-cholesterol ephantsi kolawulo.

Ngaba ukutya neziselo zinefuthe koku?

Uphando alukafumani unxibelelwano oluthe ngqo phakathi kwendlela yokutya okanye ukutya okunesondlo kunye nokuthintela uphuhliso lwe-IgA nephropathy.

Zeziphi ukutya neziselo ekufuneka ziphetshwe?

Ugqirha angaxelela umntu one-IgA nephropathy ukuba anciphise ukutya neziselo ezithile, kuquka:

• Ukunciphisa ityuwa .
• Ukunciphisa ukutya okuneproteni eninzi (njengenyama, intlanzi, amaqanda kunye nobisi).

Ukuba unezinga eliphezulu le-cholesterol, ungacetyiswa ukuba unciphise amafutha agcweleyo kunye nokutya okune-cholesterol eninzi.

Kutheni uthi ukunciphisa iiproteni?

Ezinye zezinto eziveliswa xa iproteni ityiwa kufuneka zihluzwe zizintso. Ngoko ke, ukuba utya ukutya okuninzi okuneproteni eninzi, izintso zakho kufuneka zisebenze nzima, nto leyo enokwenza izintso zakho zibe buthathaka ngokukhawuleza. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba awutyi iproteni eyaneleyo, unokuba neengxaki ezifana nokungondleki kakuhle. Ngoko ke, kungcono ukubona ingcali yokutya kwezintso ukuze ikuncede wenze ukutya okufanelekileyo kuwe kwaye okulungele izintso zakho. Ukuba ucetyisiwe ukuba unciphise ukutya kwakho ngeproteni, unokufuna uvavanyo lwegazi rhoqo ukuze ujonge amanqanaba akho eproteni.

Ngaba ndifanele ndithathe iipilisi ze-Omega-3?

Kwabanye abantu abane-IgA nephropathy, oogqirha banokucebisa izongezo zeoyile yeentlanzi eziqulethe i-omega-3 fatty acids. Ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuba ezi zinokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwegazi kwaye zinciphise ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.

Nangona kunjalo, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba ungaze uqale ukuthatha naluphi na utyando, nokuba ziipilisi zeoyile yentlanzi, ngaphandle kokubonisana nogqirha.

Ndifanele ndimbone nini ugqirha?

Ukuze uhlale usempilweni, licebo elihle ukubona ugqirha rhoqo kwaye ufumane uhlolo lwezonyango, njengaye wonke umntu.Ukufunyaniswa kwangoko kunokunceda ukuthintela i-IgA nephropathy ekubeni iqhubekele ekubeni buthathaka kwezintso. Kwakhona, ukuba unezinye iimeko ezinokuchaphazela izintso zakho, ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu okanye isifo seswekile, kubalulekile ukusebenzisana nogqirha wakho ukuze uzilawule kakuhle.

Ufanele uye nini kwiYunithi yoNyango oluNgxamisekileyo (i-ETU) ?

Ukuba une-IgA nephropathy kwaye ubonakalisa iimpawu zokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso, kuya kufuneka uye kwigumbi likaxakeka elikufutshane nawe ngoko nangoko. Ezi mpawu ziquka:

• Ukudinwa ngaphezu kwesiqhelo kukwenza "uDini".
• Ukuphindaphindeka okanye ubungakanani bokuchama buyanda okanye buyancipha ngaphezu kokuba bekulindelwe.
• Ukutya akunancasa.
• Ukungalali okanye ubunzima bokugxila.

Yeyiphi imibuzo ebalulekileyo ekufuneka uyibuze ugqirha?

Xa ufunda ngesi sifo, usenokuba nemibuzo emininzi. Kubalulekile ukubuza ugqirha wakho aze acaciselwe. Nazi ezinye zemibuzo onokuyibuza:

• Ungayixilonga njani ngokuchanekileyo i-IgA nephropathy?
• Yeyiphi indlela engcono yonyango kum?
• Zithini iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga zonyango olucebisayo?
• Ngaba ukususwa kweetoni zam kuya kundinceda?
• Ngaba kufuneka ndiye kwingcali yokutya kwezintso?
• Ingaba kulungile na ukuba ndithathe izongezo zeoyile yentlanzi?
• Kufuneka ndivavanywe igazi nomchamo kangaphi?
• Ngaba ndiza kufuna ukufakelwa izintso?
• Ngaba kukho naziphi na iimvavanyo zeklinikhi ezinokuthi zilungele mna?
• Ungandixelela ngamaqela enkxaso kubantu abane-IgA nephropathy?

Ukufumanisa ukuba unesifo sezintso kunokuba yinto eyoyikisayo kakhulu. Kukho ulwazi oluninzi olufika engqondweni ngaxeshanye, iimvavanyo ekufuneka zenziwe, idinga lokubonana neengcali... Kuqhelekile ukuziva uxinezelekile yiyo yonke loo nto. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha umoya uze uqonde ngokwenene ukuba yintoni i-IgA nephropathy.

Kwabanye abantu, oku akuyonto imbi kangako, kwaye unyango olulula kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo lunokunceda ukugcina ukusebenza kwezintso. Kwabanye, amayeza ayadingeka ukukhusela izintso. Kodwa khumbula, esi sifo sinokulawuleka, kwaye ngonyango olufanelekileyo, ungaphila ubomi obulungileyo iminyaka emininzi.

Fumana uncedo kusapho lwakho nakubahlobo bakho. Amaqela enkxaso yabantu abanezifo ezifanayo nawo angaba yindawo elungileyo yokwabelana ngezimvo zakho. Ungathandabuzi ukubuza ugqirha ukuba unemibuzo, mhlobo wam.

Umyalezo Wokugqibela Wokuya Ekhaya

Kulungile, ngoko ke sithethe kakhulu nge-IgA nephropathy, akunjalo? Okokugqibela, nazi izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka uzikhumbule:

• Ukufunyanwa kwangoko kubaluleke kakhulu: ngoko ke, ukuba uneempawu ezifana negazi kumchamo okanye ukudumba, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
• Landela imiyalelo yonyango ngononophelo: Sela amayeza anikwe ngugqirha ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Landela imiyalelo.
• Utshintsho kwindlela yokuphila: Landela icebiso likagqirha wakho malunga nokutya kunye nokuzilolonga. Ukuba bakuxelela ukuba ulawule ukutya kwakho ityuwa kunye neeproteni, yenza njalo.
• Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kwezonyango: Fumana uhlolo rhoqo njengoko ugqirha wakho eyalele kwaye ujonge imeko yezintso zakho.
• Esi sisifo esinokulawuleka: Ungakhathazeki. Ngonyango olufanelekileyo nendlela yokuphila enempilo, ungaphila ubomi obonwabisayo nobunempilo nge-IgA nephropathy.
• Awuwedwa: unosapho, abahlobo, kunye noogqirha abanokukunceda. Ungafumana amandla amakhulu kumaqela enkxaso.

Nyamekela impilo yezintso zakho, mhlobo!

I- IgA Nephropathy, IgA Nephropathy, Isifo sezintso, Isifo sikaBuerger, Igazi kumchamo, iProteinuria, Ukusilela kwezintso, iBiopsy yezintso, ukufakelwa kwezintso