Ingaba umntwana uya encipha ngokubonakalayo imihla ngemihla? Loo nto isenokuba yimeko eyingozi ebizwa ngokuba yiMarasmus!

Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba ngamanye amaxesha umntwana omncinci okanye umntu omdala uba mncinci ngendlela engaqhelekanga imihla ngemihla, aze amathambo akhe abonakale ebuthathaka? Sisenokucinga, "Owu, kufuneka ukuba abatyi kakuhle." Nangona kunjalo, le inokuba yimeko embi kakhulu. Olu luhlobo lokungondleki kakuhle esiza kuthetha ngalo namhlanje, olubizwa ngokuba yiMarasmus. Lufana nemoto eyeka ukusebenza ngaphandle kwepetroli.

Yintoni iMarasmus?

Ngamafutshane, iMarasmus yimeko yokungondleki kakuhle . Ngokukodwa, kukungabikho kokutya okune-protein-energy . Oko kukuthi, le meko yenzeka xa izondlo ezintathu eziphambili ezifunekayo emzimbeni wethu ukuze usebenze kwaye ukhule imihla ngemihla - iicarbohydrates, amafutha, kunye neeproteni - ziphela ngequbuliso. Khawucinge nje, kwenzeka ntoni xa umzimba wethu ungafumani nto ifana nepetroli okanye idizili? Yiyo loo nto kunjalo. Ngenxa yoko, umzimba ulahlekelwa ngamandla owadingayo ukuze uqhubeke nemisebenzi eqhelekileyo. Xa ubona umntu oneMarasmus, ungabona ukuba ubuthathaka, ubhityile, kwaye inyama emizimbeni yakhe iphantse yanyibilika ngokupheleleyo. Kwimeko yomntwana omncinci, ukukhula kwakhe kunokudodobala ngokupheleleyo . Ukuba le meko iyaqhubeka, inokudlula ekubeni yindlala iye ekufeni .

Yintoni umahluko phakathi kweMarasmus neKwashiorkor?

Xa uthetha ngokungondleki kakuhle, kusenokwenzeka ukuba ukhe weva negama elithi Kwashiorkor. Zombini ziimeko zokungondleki kakhulu ngeproteni-amandla. Nangona kunjalo, kukho umahluko omncinci phakathi kwezi zimbini.

• I-Marasmus: Njengoko besitshilo ngaphambili, le yimeko apho zonke izondlo eziphambili (ii-carbohydrate, amafutha, kunye neeproteni) zincitshiswa. Oku kuthetha ukuba ukutya okupheleleyo kweekhalori kuyancitshiswa. Umntu one-marasmus udla ngokubonakala ebhityile, enciphile, kwaye omile .
• I-Kwashiorkor: Oku kubangelwa kakhulu kukunqongophala kweproteni . Basenokukwazi ukutya iicarbohydrates (isonka, irayisi, iinkozo) kodwa kungekhona ukutya okuneproteni eninzi (intlanzi, inyama, amaqanda, iilentile). Uphawu oluphawulekayo lwe-kwashiorkor kukudumba, okukudumba komzimba okubangelwa kukugcinwa kolwelo. Isisu nobuso budumbile ngakumbi.

Ngoko ke, kwi-marasmus, umzimba uba mncane, ngelixa kwi-kwashiorkor, umzimba unokubonakala uvuvukile. Zombini ziyingozi, kodwa indlela ezenzeka ngayo kunye neempawu zahlukile kancinci.

Ngubani ochaphazeleka kakhulu yiMarasmus?

Le meko ye-marasmus inokuchaphazela nabani na, oko kukuthi, nabani na ongondlekanga ngokwaneleyo. Nangona kunjalo, ixhaphake kakhulu kubantwana abancinci, ingakumbi iintsana, kuba imizimba yabo ikhula ngokukhawuleza kwaye bafuna iikhalori ezingaphezulu.

Le meko ibonakala kakhuluKumazwe asakhasayo, kwiindawo apho ubuhlwempu kunye nokunqongophala kokutya kuxhaphake khona. Kwakhona, iintsholongwane kunye nezifo ezahlukeneyo ezisulelayo zinokuba negalelo kule meko ngokunciphisa amandla omzimba. Kwezinye iindawo zaseSri Lanka, kukho iintsapho ezingakwaziyo ukuthenga ukutya okunesondlo ngenxa yobunzima bezoqoqosho. Abantu abanjalo basengozini enkulu.

Kwanakumazwe aphuhlileyo, le ngozi ikho kubantu abadala abakwiikhaya zabantu abadala okanye ezibhedlele, okanye kubantu abadala abahlala bodwa kwaye bengenankxaso ingako .

Kwenzeka ntoni emzimbeni xa unesifo se-marasmus?

Xa umzimba ungenawo amandla okutya, umzimba wenza into emangalisayo (kodwa eyingozi). Uqala ukuqhekeza izicwili zawo ukuze ufumane amandla. Into yokuqala eqhekekayo zizicwili zamafutha (sibiza ngokuba yioyile). Emva koko izicwili ziqala ukuqhekeka.

Ayipheleli apho, kodwa umzimba uyayinciphisa kancinci eminye yemisebenzi yawo ukuze wonge amandla.

• Umsebenzi wentliziyo uyancipha. Oku kuthetha ukuba izinga lentliziyo liyancipha, uxinzelelo lwegazi luyancipha, kwaye ubushushu bomzimba buyancipha. Kwezinye iimeko, oku kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwentliziyo.
• Inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iba buthathaka. Ngenxa yoko, abantu abangondlekanga basengozini yosulelo olwahlukeneyo, kwaye xa begula, kuthatha ixesha elide ukuba baphile.
• Ukukhula nophuhliso lwabantwana abancinci alukhuli ngokupheleleyo. Basenokuba bakhuli kwaye banokukhubazeka kwengqondo. Nokuba banyangwa, ezi ziphumo ngamanye amaxesha zinokuhlala ubomi babo bonke.
• Iindawo ezithile kwinkqubo yokwetyisa ziqala ukushwabana kuba zingasetyenziswa ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ingozi yoku kukuba nangona unokutya, usenokungakwazi ukufunxa kakuhle izondlo ezivela kuloo nto yokutya. Okumangalisayo kukuba, i-marasmus ngamanye amaxesha inokubangela ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya .

Ziziphi izizathu eziphambili zeMarasmus?

Kukho izizathu ezahlukeneyo zoku. Masizihlalutye ngokweminyaka.

Izizathu eziqhelekileyo ezichaphazela wonke umntu:

• Ubuhlwempu kunye nokunqongophala kokutya: Esi sesona sizathu siphambili. Ukungabikho kwamandla kwezoqoqosho okufumana ukutya okunesondlo.
• Izifo eziphelisa umzimba: Umzekelo, izifo ezifana ne-`(AIDS)`.
• Iintsholongwane ezibangela urhudo oluhlala ixesha elide: Oku kwenza kube nzima emzimbeni ukufunxa izondlo.
• Iingxaki zokutya ezifana ne-anorexia: Iimeko ezibangelwa kukungafuni ukutya okanye ukungakwazi ukulawula ukutya.

Izinto ezichaphazela abantwana ngokukodwa:

• Iintsana ezisandul’ ukuzalwa ezingafumani ubisi lwebele olwaneleyo okanye eziyeka ukuncancisa kwangethuba: Ubisi lwebele lolona sondlo lufanelekileyo kwiintsana kwiinyanga ezimbalwa zokuqala.
• Ukungahoyi okanye ukuxhaphaza abantwana: Abantwana banokungondleki kakuhle ngenxa yezizathu ezibuhlungu kangaka.

Izizathu ezichaphazela abantu abadala:

• Izifo zokulibala ezifana ne-dementia:Abantu abanezi zifo basenokungakhumbuli nokuba batye ntoni okanye basele ntoni.
• Ukungahoywa okanye ukuxhatshazwa kwabantu abadala: Abantu abadala abangakwaziyo ukuzinyamekela basengozini.

Zithini iimpawu zangaphandle zeMarasmus?

Kukho iimpawu ezininzi esinokuzibona xa sibona umntu onesi sifo:

• Amafutha nenyama emzimbeni wakhe zazisele zinyibilikile ngokupheleleyo, kwaye wayebonakala ebhityile kakhulu.
• Amathambo abonakala ngokucacileyo.
• Intloko ingabonakala inkulu xa ithelekiswa nomzimba.
• Ubuso bunokubonakala budala kwaye bushwabene.
• Ulusu lunokoma luze luwe. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-skin atrophy.
• Iinwele ziyawoma, ziqhekeke, kwaye zinokuwa.
• Amabala athambileyo phezulu kweentloko zeentsana (iifontanelles) asenokuba atshonile.
• Ukudinwa rhoqo, ukungabi namdla, kunye nobuthathaka.
• Ukulahlekelwa bubunzima bomzimba obungaphezulu kwama-40%.
• Ukuba ne-Body Mass Index (BMI) engaphantsi kwe-16. (I-BMI sisikali sokuba ubunzima bakho bufanelekile na ngokweenqanaba lakho lobude, kodwa asikuko kuphela oku kusisiseko sale nto.)

Ziziphi ezinye iimpawu kunye neengxaki ezinokubakho ngenxa yeMarasmus?

Ukongeza kwiimpawu zangaphandle, iingxaki ezininzi zinokwenzeka nangaphakathi:

• Ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni: Ukulahlekelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni.
• Ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte: Ii-electrolyte zizinto ezifana neetyuwa ezibalulekileyo kwizinto ezifana nokulinganisela kwamanzi kunye nokusebenza kwemithambo-luvo emizimbeni yethu. Ukuba zininzi okanye zincinci kakhulu kwezi zinto kunokuba yingozi.
• Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphantsi.
• Ukwehla kwesantya sentliziyo.
• Ukwehla kobushushu bomzimba.
• Ukungafunxwa kakuhle kwesisu.
• Ukulibaziseka kokukhula.
• Ukulibaziseka kophuhliso.
• I-anemia: Ukunqongophala kwegazi emzimbeni.
• Izifo ezibuthathaka ngamathambo (i- Osteomalacia kubantu abadala, i-Rickets ebantwaneni).

Ungayibona njani iMarasmus?

Into yokuqala eyenziwa ngoogqirha kukuhlola isigulana ngononophelo. Kukho iimpawu ezithile ezibonisa i-marasmus, eyona iphambili kukuba amafutha kunye nenyama emzimbeni zinyibilikile kangangoko amehlo ebona. Aba bantu babhityile kakhulu kwaye bafana namathambo. Ulusu lunokubonakala lubhityile kwaye lubuthathaka njengoko amafutha kunye nemisipha engaphantsi kolusu ilahleka.

Ukongeza kwinkangeleko, oogqirha baya kujonga nobude besigulana, ubunzima, kunye nobubanzi bengalo engentla.Kulinganiswe. Iitafile ezahlukeneyo ezimiselweyo zisetyenziselwa ukumisela ukuba umntu unobunzima obuhambelana nobudala bakhe kunye nobude bakhe. I-Marasmus yimeko engaphantsi kakhulu koluhlu oluqhelekileyo lwezi tafile. Umzekelo, i-body mass index (BMI) abantu abaninzi abayaziyo ingaphantsi kwe-16. Ezi zilinganiso zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa ukuxilongwa kunye nokuvavanya ubukhali bemeko.

Zeziphi iimvavanyo ezisetyenziswayo ukuxilonga iMarasmus?

Uxilongo lusekelwe ikakhulu kumlinganiselo womzimba. Ubunzima bokungondleki buvavanywa ngezinto ezifana nobubanzi bengalo ephezulu kunye nobunzima bokuphakama. Kubantwana, ukulibaziseka kokukhula kuchongwa ngokujonga ubude babo ngokweminyaka. Oogqirha badla ngokuchonga i-marasmus ngokusekelwe kwiimpawu zomzimba zodwa.

Inyathelo elilandelayo kukwenza uvavanyo lwegazi. Oku kunokunceda ekufumaneni iziphumo zesibini ze-marasmus, ezifana nokungabikho kweevithamini ezithile, iiminerali, ii-enzyme, kunye ne-electrolyte. Olu lwazi lunokunceda ekufumaneni into ekufuneka uyinike ngexesha lokutya kwakhona. Inani elipheleleyo legazi linokujonga nosulelo olunokubangela okanye olunegalelo kwi-marasmus. Isampulu yendle inokuvavanywa nangama-parasites. Ukuba kukho naluphi na usulelo, kufuneka luphathwe ngokwahlukileyo.

Ungayinyanga njani iMarasmus? (Oku kubaluleke kakhulu!)

Kukho into enye ekufuneka uyilumkele kakhulu xa unyanga i-marasmus. Leyo yingxaki enokuba yingozi ebomini ebizwa ngokuba yi-"refeeding syndrome." Le yingxaki eyenzeka xa umzimba ongondlekanga kakhulu unikwa ukutya okuninzi ngaxeshanye, kuba umzimba ungaqhelanga. Cinga ngayo into eyenzekayo xa umatshini obusebenza ixesha elide unikwa umthwalo onzima ngequbuliso.

Ngoko ke, ukunyanga umntu one-marasmus kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela, ngononophelo olukhulu. Kungcono ukwenza olu nyango esibhedlele, phantsi kweliso elibukhali loogqirha nabahlengikazi. Abasebenzi bezonyango abaqeqeshwe kwi-refeeding syndrome banokukuthintela ukuba ingenzeki, okanye ukuba iyenzeka, banokuyilawula ngokukhawuleza ngokutshintsha ii-electrolytes eziphelileyo kunye nezakhamzimba ezincinci.

Isigaba Sokuqala: Ukuqinisa Umzimba kunye Nokunyanga Ukuphelelwa Ngumanzi emzimbeni

Isigaba sokuqala sonyango sigxile ekunyangeni ukuphelelwa ngamanzi emzimbeni, ukulungisa ukungalingani kwe-electrolyte, kunye nokujongana nokungabikho kwezakhamzimba. Oku kwenzelwa ukulungiselela umzimba ukuba wondleke kwakhona. Rhoqo, kusetyenziswa isisombululo esifanayo kuzo zonke ezi, isisombululo esikhethekileyo sokubuyisela amanzi emzimbeni ngenxa yokungondleki kakuhle (REhydration SOlution for MALnutrition - ReSoMal). Oku kunokunikwa ngomlomo okanye ngetyhubhu ye-nasogastric.

Kwakhona, ukugcina isigulane sifudumele kubaluleke kakhulu.Kuba ubushushu bomzimba bunokwehla bubangele i-hypothermia. Naluphi na usulelo luyanyangwa, kuba usulelo luyawenza buthathaka ngakumbi amasosha omzimba. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yesigulana, kungathatha iiyure ezininzi, okanye iintsuku, ukuba umzimba uzinze ngokwaneleyo ukuze uqalise ukondla.

Inqanaba lesibini: ukubuyisela isondlo

Ukondla kwakhona kuqala kancinci kakhulu, ngokutya okumanzi. Oku kutya kulungelelaniswe kakuhle ngokweecarbohydrate, iiproteni, kunye namafutha. Oogqirha bakhetha ukunika abantu abakwisibhedlele ukutya ngetyhubhu. Oku kuvumela ukuba kubekho izondlo ezifumaneka kancinci kancinci, kodwa rhoqo.

Ekuqaleni, iikhalori zinikwa malunga ne-70% yesibonelelo semihla ngemihla esicetyiswayo kumntu onjalo ubudala. Esi sixa siyandiswa kancinci kancinci. Kwimeko yomntwana okhule kancinci, iikhalori zinokwandiswa ukuya kuthi ga kwi-140% yesibonelelo semihla ngemihla esicetyiswayo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zakhe zokukhula. Eli nqanaba lingathatha iiveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintandathu. Ngeli xesha, isigulane sinikwa ukutya okuqinileyo rhoqo ngomlomo kancinci kancinci.

Isigaba Sesithathu: Ukulandelela kunye nokuthintela ukuphinda ubuye

I-Marasmus yimeko yokubuyela umva, ngoko ke isicwangciso sonyango esipheleleyo siquka imfundo kunye nenkxaso eqhubekayo yesigulana kunye/okanye umnakekeli waso ngaphambi kokuba isigulana siphume esibhedlele .

Kwilizwe elisaphuhlayo njengeSri Lanka, oku kungabandakanya ukuphakamisa ulwazi malunga nokubaluleka kokuncancisa, ukubonelela ngeengcebiso ngamanzi okusela akhuselekileyo kunye neendlela ezifanelekileyo zokulungiselela ukutya, ukubonelela ngemigonyo, kunye nokufundisa ngokuthintela izifo eziqhelekileyo. Kwilizwe eliphuhlileyo, abanakekeli banokufuna isikhokelo sendlela yokubona iimpawu zokungondleki kwabo babanyamekelayo. Izixhobo ezifana neMalnutrition Universal Screening Tool (MUST) zinokunceda ekuchongeni abo basengozini yokungondleki.

Ungayithintela njani iMarasmus?

Singanceda ekuthinteleni i-marasmus ngokuthetha egameni loluntu lwethu, ingakumbi kubantwana nakubantu abadala (ingakumbi abo basezibhedlele nakwiindawo zokugcina abantu abadala) abangakwaziyo ukuthetha ngezidingo zabo.

Ehlabathini jikelele, i-marasmus ingathintelwa ngokwenza oku kulandelayo:

• Sifanele silwe nobuhlwempu.
• "Iindawo zokutya ezingaqhelekanga" apho ukutya okunesondlo kungafumaneki lula kufuneka zisuswe.
• Imfundo ngesondlo kufuneka iphuculwe.
• Sifanele silawule izifo ezisasazekayo ezixhaphakileyo.
• Izibonelelo zococeko kufuneka ziphuculwe kumazwe asakhasayo.
• Ukhathalelo lwabantu abadala lufuna ukuphuculwa kumazwe aphuhlileyo.

Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ngokupheleleyo kwi-Marasmus?

I-Marasmus idla ngokuthatha malunga neentsuku ezingama-42 ukuphiliswa. Emva konyango, abo bafudukela kwindawo enezixhobo kunye nokhathalelo olufunekayo ukugcina impilo entle banokuphila ngokupheleleyo.Nangona abantwana abaninzi bebonakala bekhula kakuhle, kusaqhutywa uphando ngezi ziphumo zexesha elide. Ukuqhubeka nokuthatha izongezo zeevithamini kunye neeminerali kunokunceda.

I-Marasmus ibangelwa kukunqongophala kweekhalori ngokupheleleyo. Ukunqongophala kokutya kwanele ukuyibangela. Kodwa iziphumo zayo zinzima kakhulu. Kuba i-marasmus ayilondlala nje kuphela - luluhlu lwezinto ezenziwa ngumzimba ukuze usinde kwindlala. Kuthatha ixesha nononophelo ukuguqula ezo zinto kunye nokubuyisela impilo iyonke. Kodwa ngezo zixhobo, abantu banokuchacha ngeendlela ezimangalisayo.

Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya

• I-Marasmus yimeko yokungondleki kakuhle. Oku kuthetha ukunqongophala ngequbuliso kwazo zonke izondlo ezifunekayo emzimbeni.
• Oku kunokuchaphazela ngakumbi abantwana abancinci kunye nabantu abadala .
• Iimpawu eziphambili kukuncipha komzimba ngendlela engaqhelekanga, ukukhula okungalindelekanga, kunye nokugula rhoqo .
• Kukho unyango loku, kodwa kufuneka lwenziwe esibhedlele, phantsi kweliso likagqirha, ngamanqanaba aliqela.
• Kufuneka ulumke malunga ne-refeeding syndrome.
• Ubuhlwempu, ukunqongophala kokutya, kunye nokungazi kakuhle ngesondlo zezona zizathu ziphambili zoku.
• Le meko ingathintelwa ngokutya okufanelekileyo, ucoceko, kunye nenkxaso yoluntu .

Ukuba ukrokrela ukuba wena okanye umntu omaziyo unale mpawu, nceda ufune ingcebiso kagqirha ngoko nangoko. Unyango lwangethuba lunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono kakhulu.

Ukungondleki kakuhle, i-marasmus, ukuchitha ixesha elininzi, ukungondleki kakuhle ebantwaneni, ukunqongophala kwesondlo, ukunqongophala kwamandla, ukunqongophala kweproteni