Ngaba ngequbuliso uziva ngathi uyaphelelwa ngamandla kwelinye icala lomzimba wakho, okanye umbono wakho ufiphele kancinci kwelinye iliso? Ngaba ngamanye amaxesha uziva udiniwe kakhulu okanye unesiyezi ngaphandle kwesizathu? Ezi zinto ziyafika zidlule, ngoko usenokungazinaki kangako. Kodwa ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zokuqala zesifo esibizwa ngokuba yiMultiple Sclerosis, okanye i-MS, esithetha ngaso namhlanje. Ungakhathazeki, siza kugcina yonke into ilula.
Kalula nje, yintoni le MS?
Khawuthelekelele nje, njengemikhosi yokhuselo yelizwe lethu, imizimba yethu ikwanayo nenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela esikhusela kwizifo. Umsebenzi wayo ophambili kukuchonga nokutshabalalisa iintshaba ezifana neentsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane ezingena emzimbeni, ukuze zisigcine sisempilweni.
Kodwa kwimeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-MS, kwenzeka into engaqhelekanga. Inkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela, inkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba, ngempazamo icinga ukuba ezinye zeeseli zethu ezilungileyo ziintshaba kwaye iqala ukuzihlasela. Ngokukodwa, olu hlaselo lujolise kwimicu yemithambo-luvo ejikeleze ingqondo yethu kunye nomqolo (iNkqubo yeNervous ePhakathi) .
Ezi ntambo zemithambo-luvo zifana neentambo zombane. Intambo yombane inesigqubuthelo seplastiki esijikelezileyo ukuze ithintele ukuba umsinga ungaphumi kwaye uphume kakuhle. Ngokufanayo, iintambo zethu zemithambo-luvo zikwanaso nesigqubuthelo esikhuselayo esibizwa ngokuba yi-myelin . Esi sigqubuthelo se-myelin sibalulekile ekudlulisweni ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo kwemiqondiso esuka ebuchotsheni iye kuwo wonke umzimba.
Umntu one-MS unenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela ehlasela i-myelin sheath. Olu hlaselo lonakalisa i-myelin sheath. Emva koko, njengocingo olune-plastic sheath ekrazukileyo, imiyalezo evela engqondweni ayihambi kakuhle. Imiyalezo iyacotha, iyaxubana, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha iyayeka ngokupheleleyo. Iimpawu ozifumanayo zibangelwa kukuphazamiseka kokunxibelelana kwale miyalezo.
Ngamafutshane, i-MS sisifo esihlala ixesha elide (esingapheliyo) apho inkqubo yethu yomzimba yokuzikhusela ihlasela i-sheath yokukhusela yenkqubo yethu yemithambo-luvo.
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili ze-MS?
I-MS ayichaphazeli wonke umntu ngendlela efanayo. Yahlulwe yangamaqela amane aphambili, kuxhomekeke kwindlela iimpawu ezibonakala ngayo kunye nendlela eziqhubeka ngayo. Yicinge njengeentlobo ezine ezahlukeneyo zesifo esifanayo. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba loluphi uhlobo onalo.
| Uhlobo lwe-MS | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Isifo Esizimeleyo Seklinikhi (CIS) | Eli lixesha lokuqala iimpawu ze-MS zivela. Ezi mpawu zinokuhlala ixesha elingaphezulu kweeyure ezingama-24. Nangona kunjalo, akukho bungqina baneleyo bokuqinisekisa ngokuqinisekileyo ukuba le yi-MS. Ayinguye wonke umntu one-CIS oza kuba ne-MS kwixesha elizayo. Kodwa yinto ebangela umngcipheko. |
| I-MS ephinda ibuyele kwi-Relapsing-Remitting (RRMS) | Olu lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo (malunga nama-85 kwi-100). Kolu hlobo, iimpawu zivela ngequbuliso (ezibizwa ngokuba kukubuyela umva okanye uhlaselo), zihlala iintsuku ezimbalwa okanye iiveki, zize zinyamalale ngokupheleleyo okanye kancinci (ukuxolelwa). Iimpawu ezintsha zinokuvela kwakhona emva kweenyanga okanye iminyaka. |
| I-MS eqhubela phambili yesibini (i-SPMS) | Rhoqo, emva kweminyaka ye-RRMS, imeko ijika ibe leli nqanaba elibizwa ngokuba yi-SPMS. Kulapho isifo siyeka ukuza sidlule, kwaye iimpawu ziqala ukuba mandundu kancinci kancinci. |
| I-MS ePhambili ePhambili (PPMS) | Kolu hlobo, iimpawu ziyanda kancinci kancinci ukususela ngomhla esiqala ngawo isifo, kwaye akukho kuphinda kubuye okanye kuphinde kubuye njengakwi-RRMS. |
Ukongeza kwezi ntlobo ziphambili, kukho iintlobo ezininzi ezingaqhelekanga ze-MS, ezidla ngokuba neempawu eziqatha nezikhawulezayo.
Ziziphi iimpawu zokuqala neziqhelekileyo ze-MS?
Iimpawu ze-MS zahluka kakhulu kumntu nomntu. Kwaye nakumntu omnye, ubukhali beempawu bunokwahluka imihla ngemihla. Kuba iimpawu zixhomekeke ekubeni kwenzeka phi kwi-nervous system umonakalo.
Iimpawu zokuqala
- Utshintsho lombono: Ukubona okufiphele kwelinye iliso, ukulahleka kombono wombala, iintlungu xa ushukumisa iliso (oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-"Optic Neuritis"), kunye nokubona kabini.
- Ubuthathaka bemisipha: Ubuthathaka, obuhlala buvakala kwelinye icala lomzimba (umz., ingalo yasekhohlo nomlenze wasekhohlo) okanye ngaphantsi kwesinqe.
- Ukungaziva mnandi okanye iimvakalelo ezingaqhelekanga: Ukurhawuzelela, ukuhlaba, okanye ukutshisa kwelinye icala lomzimba, imilenze, okanye iingalo ngaphandle kwesizathu esicacileyo.
Iimpawu eziqheleka ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha
- Ukudinwa: Oku akukokudinwa nje okuqhelekileyo. Kunzima kangangokuba nokuba ulala kangakanani na, uzive udiniwe kwaye ungakwazi ukuqhubeka nosuku.
- Ubunzima bokuhamba kunye nokulahlekelwa kukulinganisela: Ukukhubeka ngelixa uhamba, uzive ungalingani kwaye ngathi uza kuwa.
- Isiyezi: Ukuziva ngathi igumbi liyajikeleza.
- Ukuqaqamba kwemisipha: Imisipha emilenzeni okanye ezingalweni iba lukhuni kwaye ibe buhlungu.
- Ubunzima bokulawula umchamo kunye nendle: umnqweno wokuchama ngequbuliso, ukungakwazi ukulawula umchamo.
- Ubunzima bokucinga: izinto ezifana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo, ubunzima bokugxininisa, kunye nobunzima bokufumana amagama.
- Utshintsho lwengqondo: Ukuziva ulusizi ngaphandle kwesizathu (ukudakumba), ukuziva uxhalabile.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukungacingi ukuba une-MS kuba nje unenye okanye ezimbini zezi mpawu. Ezi zinokuba ziimpawu zezinye iimeko ezininzi. Ke ngoko , eyona nto ingcono onokuyenza kukubona ugqirha kwaye ufumane ingcebiso .
Kutheni i-MS ikhula? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Enyanisweni, izazinzulu azikayazi ngokupheleleyo ukuba kutheni inkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela iqala ukuziphatha kakubi ngolu hlobo. Kodwa zichonge izinto ezininzi ezinobungozi ezicinga ukuba zinokuba negalelo koku.
- Impembelelo yemfuza: Ukuba umntu kusapho lwakho, ingakumbi umzali okanye umntakwenu, une-MS, umngcipheko wakho wokuba nayo uphezulu kancinci kunowoluntu ngokubanzi. Kodwa oko akuthethi ukuba ngokuqinisekileyo uza kuba nayo.
- Usulelo lweentsholongwane: Uphando lufumanise ukuba ukuchanabeka kwiintsholongwane ezithile, ingakumbi i-Epstein-Barr Virus, kunxulunyaniswa nophuhliso lwe-MS.
- Ukunqongophala kweVithamin D: Abantu abanamanqanaba aphantsi eVithamin D, esiwafumana elangeni, basengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa yiMS.
- Ukutshaya: Abantu abatshayayo abagcini nje ngokuba semngciphekweni omkhulu wokufumana i-MS, kodwa banokuba sesichengeni sokufumana esi sifo ngokukhawuleza.
- Ubudala kunye nesini: I-MS ixhaphake kakhulu kubantu abaphakathi kweminyaka engama-20 ukuya kwengama-40 ubudala. Ixhaphake kakhulu kwabasetyhini kunamadoda.
Sifunyaniswa njani esi sifo kanye kanye?
Ukuchonga i-MS yinkqubo enzima, kuba akukho vavanyo lwegazi okanye iskeni ethile. Endaweni yoko, ugqirha uya kumamela ngononophelo iimpawu zakho, enze uvavanyo lomzimba, aze enze uthotho lweemvavanyo ukuze aqinisekise ukuba akukho ezinye iimeko.
Ukuba ugqirha wakho wosapho ukrokrela ukuba unokuba ne-MS, uyaUza kuthunyelwa kwingcali yezifo zengqondo, enokwenza uvavanyo olukhethekileyo oluninzi.
- I-MRI scan (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): Olu lolona vavanyo lubalulekileyo ekuxilongeni i-MS. Ingabona ngokucacileyo iindawo zomonakalo (izilonda okanye iiplaque) kwi-myelin sheath ebuchotsheni nakwi-spinal cord.
- Uvavanyo lwe-Evoked Potential (EP): Olu lulinganisa isantya esihamba ngaso imiyalezo ngemithambo-luvo. Ukuba i-myelin yonakele, esi santya siyancipha.
- Ukubhaqwa Kweempundu: Oku kuquka ukuthatha isampuli encinci kakhulu yolwelo olujikeleze umqolo wakho (ulwelo lwe-cerebrospinal) emgogodleni wakho uze uluvavanye. Ukuba une-MS, iiproteni ezithile zinokubonwa kolu lwelo.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Olu lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba awunazo ezinye izifo ezibonisa iimpawu ezifana neze-MS (umz., ukunqongophala kweevithamini ezithile, ezinye izifo zokuzikhusela komzimba).
Ungakhathazeki, le nkqubo ingathatha ixesha. Ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo linyathelo lokuqala lonyango olufanelekileyo.
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango ze-MS?
Into yokuqala ekufuneka uyithethe kukuba akukho nyango lwe-MS okwangoku . Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Namhlanje, kukho unyango olusebenzayo kakhulu olunokulawula esi sifo, lulawule iimpawu, kwaye lucothise kakhulu ukuqhubela phambili kwaso.
Unyango lunokwahlulwa lube ziinxalenye eziphambili ezininzi:
1. IiNyango eziguqula izifo (ii-DMT)
La mayeza asebenza ngokutshintsha indlela amajoni akho omzimba ahlasela ngayo i-myelin sheath yakho. Oku kunokunceda ukunciphisa ukuphinda ubuye, ukunciphisa umonakalo omtsha, nokulawula iingxaki ezihlala ixesha elide. Ziza njengeenaliti, iipilisi, okanye ukufakwa kwimithambo yegazi. Ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ukuba loluphi uhlobo lwe-DMT olulungele wena.
2. Amayeza okulawula ukuphinda ubuye
Ukuba umntu one-RRMS ufumana iimpawu eziphindaphindayo ngequbuliso, amayeza anamandla afana ne -corticosteroids anikwa ngemithambo yegazi ukunciphisa ngokukhawuleza ukudumba kwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo. Oku kunceda ukuchacha ngokukhawuleza kwiimpawu.
3. Ulawulo lweempawu
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zonyango ezifumanekayo zokunciphisa impembelelo ye-MS kubomi bemihla ngemihla.
- Unyango Lomzimba: Yomeleza izihlunu, phucula ulungelelwano, kwaye unciphise ubunzima bokuhamba.
- Unyango Lomsebenzi: Lukunceda ukuba wenze imisebenzi yemihla ngemihla (umz., ukunxiba, ukupheka) ngokulula.
- Ingcebiso ngempilo yengqondo: Lawula uxinzelelo kunye nokudakumba okunokwenzeka xa uphila nesifo sexesha elide njenge-MS.
- Amayeza athile:Kunikwa amayeza ahlukeneyo okudinwa, ukuqina kwemisipha, iintlungu, kunye nokungakwazi ukuzibamba komchamo.
Ngaba kunokwenzeka ukuba uphile ubomi obuqhelekileyo nobonwabisayo nge-MS?
Ewe, kunjalo ngokuqinisekileyo. Nangona i-MS yimeko yobomi bonke, ayisosigwebo sokufa. Ngenxa yonyango oluphambili lwanamhlanje, abantu abaninzi abane-MS baphila ubomi obuqhelekileyo, obusebenzayo, nobanelisayo.
Inene, kuya kufuneka ujongane nemingeni ethile. Kusenokufuneka usebenzise isixhobo sokuncedisa esifana nomsimelelo ukuze uhambe. Kusenokufuneka wenze utshintsho oluthile kwindlela yakho yemihla ngemihla. Kodwa ngonyango olufanelekileyo, indlela yokuphila enempilo, kunye nengqondo eqinileyo, ungoyisa le mingeni.
- Yitya ukutya okunempilo.
- Zilolonge rhoqo (njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha wakho).
- Kuphephe ukutshaya ngokupheleleyo.
- Phumla kakuhle uze ulale ngokwaneleyo.
- Zama ukunciphisa uxinzelelo.
Ezi zinto ziluncedo kakhulu ekulawuleni ukuqhubela phambili kwesi sifo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-MS ayisosifo esibangelwa nguwe, yingxaki yenkqubo yomzimba yokuzikhusela.
- Esi sifo asisuleli.
- Nokuba uneempawu, ngugqirha kuphela onokugqiba ukuba yi-MS okanye akunjalo. Ngoko ke musa ukwenza izigqibo usebenzisa i-intanethi.
- Unyango lwanamhlanje lusebenza kakhulu. Ukuba unyango luqalwa ngokukhawuleza, umonakalo ongekude ungancitshiswa.
- Awuwedwa. Kukho oogqirha abaninzi, iingcali zonyango, kunye namaqela enkxaso ukunceda abo baphila nesi sifo. Hlala uqinile kwaye unethemba.
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