Ngaba umntu omthandayo, mhlawumbi umama wakho, utata, umakhulu okanye utatomkhulu, unesifo se-Alzheimer? Sonke siyayazi intlungu kunye nokungabi namandla okuhambisana nokulahlekelwa yinkumbulo kancinci kancinci kunye nokulibala ubuso obuqhelekileyo. Isifo se-Alzheimer ngokwenene sisifo esinokukhokelela ekulahlekelweni yinkumbulo, ekulimaleni kwengqondo kwanasekufeni. Nangona kungekho nyango lwesi sifo, kukho amayeza anokusicothisa aze anike isiqabu kwisigulana. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngolunye uhlobo olukhethekileyo lwamayeza. Loo mayeza yi- NMDA Receptor Antagonists . Nangona igama liyinkimbinkimbi kancinci, masiliqonde ngokulula.
Ibali elincinci leekhemikhali elisenzeka engqondweni
Ingqondo yethu yindawo emangalisayo. Iqulethe iibhiliyoni zeeseli zemithambo-luvo, okanye 'ii-neurons'. Ezi seli zicubungula ulwazi, zikhumbula ulwazi, kwaye zixelela amanye amalungu omzimba into ekufuneka ayenze ngokuthumela imiqondiso yombane neyekhemikhali enye kwenye.
Sibiza abathunywa abathwala ezi mpawu zamakhemikhali ngokuthi 'ii-neurotransmitters'. Omnye wabo bathunywa yi -'glutamate' .
Cinga nje nge-glutamate njengenqanawa ethwala umyalezo ukusuka kwenye iseli yemithambo-luvo ukuya kwenye. Le nqanawa ifuna idoko ekhethekileyo ukuze iye kwenye iseli kunye nedoko. Elo doko yinto esiyibiza ngokuba yi-NMDA receptor (`N-methyl-D-aspartate` receptor. Xa inqanawa ebizwa ngokuba yi-glutamate inamathela kule port ye-NMDA, ithumela enye into ebalulekileyo ebizwa ngokuba yi-`calcium` kwiseli. Le calcium yiyo egqibezela loo myalezo kwaye isinceda sifunde kwaye sikhumbule into ethile. Le yinkqubo eqhelekileyo kwingqondo ephilileyo.
Ngoko ke kwenzeka ntoni kwisifo sika-Alzheimer?
Kwiiseli zobuchopho zomntu onesifo sika-Alzheimer , kuveliswa i-glutamate eninzi kakhulu . Kwenzeka ntoni kukuba i-calcium eninzi ingena kwezo seli zemithambo-luvo. Khawucinge ukuba kwenzeka ntoni ukuba uzalisa itanki yamanzi ngamanzi amaninzi? Iyaphuphuma. Ngokufanayo, xa i-calcium eninzi iqokelelana ngaphakathi kweeseli, ezo seli ziqala ukonakala. Lo monakalo yiwo onyusa kancinci iimpawu ze-Alzheimer's.
Nantsi indlela abaNtshatsheli be-NMDA Receptor abanceda ngayo
Udidi lwamayeza abizwa ngokuba zii-NMDA receptor antagonists lusebenza ngokunciphisa inani leendawo apho ezo zikhephe ze-glutamate ezingaphezulu zinokuma khona kwi-NMDA receptor. Oko kukuthi, eli chiza livala ezinye zezibuko. Kodwa eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba la mayeza avumela imiyalezo ebalulekileyo ukuba ihambe . Oko kukuthi, alawula kuphela ukungena kwe-calcium etshabalalisayo ngaphandle kokubangela ukuphazamiseka okukhulu ekusebenzeni okuqhelekileyo kwengqondo. Oku kunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli zemithambo-luvo kwaye kulawula isantya sesifo.
Xa kunyangwa isifo se-Alzheimer, oogqirha badla ngokusebenzisa amayeza ajolise kwenye i-neurotransmitter ebizwa ngokuba yi-acetylcholine. Kodwa ii-NMDA receptor antagonists ziluhlobo olubalulekileyo lwamayeza asebenza ngendlela eyahlukileyo.
I-NMDA receptor antagonist ephambili evunyiweyo ngoku kunyango lwesifo se-Alzheimer yi -memantine (igama lophawu elithi `Namenda XR`). Idla ngokumiselwa ngoogqirha kwizigaba eziphakathi ukuya kwezinzima zesifo. Ngamanye amaxesha, i-memantine inikwa kunye ne-`cholinesterase inhibitors` ezikhankanyiweyo ngaphambili, ezonyusa amanqanaba e-acetylcholine. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezingcono kwezinye izigulana.
Kodwa khumbula, la mayeza awasebenzi ngendlela efanayo kuye wonke umntu.
Masiqaphele nemiphumo emibi.
Njengazo zonke iziyobisi, le inokuba nemiphumo emibi emincinci.
- Ukudinwa lolona phawu luqhelekileyo.
- Ukongeza, izinto ezifana nentloko ebuhlungu kunye nokuqhina kwesisu nazo zinokwenzeka.
- Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba kubekho ukudideka engqondweni .
Ukuba wena okanye isigulana sakho nihlangabezana nazo naziphi na ezi zinto, kufuneka wazise ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko . Akuyonto ilungileyo ukuyeka ukuthatha amayeza okanye ukutshintsha umthamo ngokwakho.
Amanye amayeza kolu sapho kunye nokusetyenziswa kwawo
Kukho amanye amayeza kolu sapho abizwa ngokuba zii-NMDA receptor antagonists. Amanye siwabona kubomi bemihla ngemihla. Amanye ayingozi ngakumbi, kwaye asetyenziswa kakubi njengeziyobisi. Izazinzulu zikwaphanda ngeenzuzo zale klasi yamayeza kwezinye izifo zemithambo-luvo, ezifana nesifo sikaParkinson kunye ne-ALS (amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
Masifunde okungakumbi ngayo kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Igama leziyobisi | Ukusetyenziswa okuphambili | Amanqaku abalulekileyo kunye neengozi |
|---|---|---|
| I-Dextromethorphan | Ifumaneka kwiisiraphu zokukhwehlela. | Ngokubanzi ikhuselekile, kodwa inokuba yingozi ukuba ithathwa ngeedosi eziphezulu. |
| I-Ketamine | Iyeza lokubulala iintlungu (labantu nezilwanyana). | Isetyenziselwa ukunciphisa iintlungu ngexesha lotyando. Kodwa isetyenziswa kakubi njenge "chiza leklabhu". Ingabangela imibono ephosakeleyo kunye neemvakalelo zokungahambelani nomzimba. Uphando luyaqhubeka malunga nokusetyenziswa kwayo kwiimeko ezifana nokudakumba. |
| I-Phencyclidine (PCP) | Ukusetyenziswa gwenxa njengeziyobisi. | Ekuqaleni yaphuhliswa njengeyeza lokubulala iintlungu, yayekiswa ukusetyenziswa ngenxa yeziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezibi (ukuphupha izinto ezingekhoyo, ukudideka). Iyeza eliyingozi elaziwa ngokuba yi "Angel Dust". Linxulunyaniswa nokuziphatha okunobundlobongela. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Nangona isifo sika-Alzheimer singenakunyangwa ngokupheleleyo, amayeza achasene nee-NMDA receptor antagonist afana ne -memantine anokunceda ukulawula amanqanaba aphakathi ukuya kwanzima esi sifo ngokunciphisa umonakalo kwiiseli zengqondo.
- La mayeza asebenza ngokukhusela iiseli zemithambo-luvo kwi-glutamate egqithisileyo engqondweni.
- Njengakweminye imithi, iziphumo ebezingalindelekanga ezifana nesiyezi zinokubakho. Soloko uxoxa ngale nto nogqirha wakho. Ungaze utshintshe umthamo okanye uyeke ukuthatha amayeza wedwa.
- Olu hlobo lwamayeza, njengeKetamine kunye nePCP, asetyenziswa kakubi njengeziyobisi kwaye ayingozi kakhulu. Kukho umahluko omkhulu phakathi kwezi kunye namayeza anikwe isifo se-Alzheimer.
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