Ngaba ugqirha wakho ukuxelele ukuba kufuneka utyandwe izintso ngenxa yethumba lezintso, usulelo, okanye enye ingxaki? Kuqhelekile ukuba uzive usoyika kwaye uxhalabile xa usiva into efana nale. Kodwa ungakhathazeki. Kule mihla yesayensi yezonyango ephucukileyo, olu hlobo lotyando lunokwenziwa ngempumelelo kakhulu. Namhlanje, siza kuthetha ngale nto ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Partial Nephrectomy', okanye utyando lokususa inxalenye yezintso, ngendlela elula onokuyiqonda.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni iPartial Nephrectomy?
I-Partial Nephrectomy yinkqubo yotyando apho kuphela inxalenye enesifo, eyonakeleyo, okanye enomhlaza kwenye yezintso zakho esuswa ngotyando, kwaye inxalenye eseleyo ephilileyo yezintso iyabuyiselwa.
Cinga nje, izintso zezona zihluzo ziphambili emzimbeni wethu. Ezi zintso zimbini zihluza imveliso engcolileyo emzimbeni kwaye zisigcine sisempilweni. Ngoko ke injongo ephambili yolu tyando kukususa kuphela inxalenye enesifo, ngaphandle kokususa yonke izintso, kunye nokugcina izicubu zezintso ezisempilweni kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngenxa yokuba ukusebenza kwezintso kubalulekile ebomini bethu, kubaluleke kakhulu ukukhusela iindawo zayo ezisempilweni.
Kutheni kufuneka wenze olu hlobo lotyando?
Ugqirha wakho angacebisa olu tyando kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo. Izizathu eziphambili ziquka:
- Umhlaza Wezintso: Le ndlela idla ngokusetyenziswa ukususa iithumba ezincinci ezinomhlaza, ingakumbi ezo zikhula kwizintso.
- Izifo Eziphinda Zivele: Izifo ezinzulu ezichaphazela inxalenye enye yezintso kwaye azinyangeki ngamayeza.
- Umonakalo obangelwa ngamatye ezintso: Ukuba inxalenye yezintso ayisebenzi kakuhle okanye yonakele ngenxa yamatye ezintso.
- Ukwenzakala: Ukuba inxalenye yezintso yonakele ngenxa yengozi.
- Iziphene Zokuzalwa: Ukuba kukho isiphene kwindawo ethile yezintso ekuzalweni.
- Uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu: Olu tyando ngamanye amaxesha lunokufuneka ukulawula uxinzelelo lwegazi oluphezulu olubangelwa yingxaki yemithambo yegazi ehambisa igazi ezintso.
Ziziphi iindlela eziphambili zotyando?
Ngokwesiqhelo kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokwenza olu tyando. Ngokuxhomekeke kwimeko yakho, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba indlela efanelekileyo kuwe.
| Indlela yotyando | Inkcazo |
|---|---|
| I-Open Partial Nephrectomy | Le yindlela yendabuko. Kwenziwa umngxuma omkhulu (ngamanye amaxesha ube ziisentimitha ezili-12) esiswini okanye ecaleni eliphakathi kweembambo kunye nesinqe, okuvumela ugqirha ukuba abone izintso ngokucacileyo aze asebenze ngesandla. Le ndlela icetyiswa kwiithumba ezinkulu okanye ezo zingene kwintso. |
| Utyando lweLaparoscopic/Robotic Partial Nephrectomy | Le yinkqubo yanamhlanje kwaye ayingenisi mandla kangako. Kule nkqubo , kwenziwa imingxunya emi-2-4 emincinci kakhulu (iimingxuma zesitshixo) esiswini. Isixhobo esincinci esinekhamera (i-laparoscope) sifakwa ngenye yemingxunya ukuze sijonge ngaphakathi emzimbeni. Izixhobo ezincinci ezifunekayo kolu tyando zifakwa ngezinye izigcawu. Xa kusetyenziswa ubuchwepheshe berobhothi, ugqirha otyandayo ulawula ingalo yerobhothi ngoncedo lwesikrini sekhompyutha aze enze utyando ngokuchanekileyo okukhulu. Le ndlela ilungele iithumba ezincinci nakubantu abasengozini yokungasebenzi kakuhle kwezintso. |
Kwi-keyhole surgery (Laparoscopic/Robotic), imingxunya mincinci, ngoko ke iintlungu azinciphi, ukuhlala esibhedlele kuncinci, kwaye ungaphila ngokukhawuleza kwaye ubuyele kubomi obuqhelekileyo.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngaphambi kotyando?
Emva kokucwangcisa utyando lwakho, kuya kufuneka udibane nogqirha. Apho,
- Impilo yakho iyonke iya kuhlolwa. Izinto ezifana noxinzelelo lwegazi kunye nokubetha kwentliziyo ziya kulinganiswa.
- Kubalulekile ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza (abhalwe ngugqirha nathengiswa ngaphandle kwemvume kagqirha), iivithamini, kunye nezongezo zezityalo ozithathayo. Izinto zokunciphisa igazi, ezifana ne-aspirin, zinokufuneka ziyekwe ngaphambi kotyando. Nangona kunjalo, ungaze uyeke ukuthatha naliphi na iyeza ngaphandle kokuthetha nogqirha wakho kuqala.
- Yazisa ngazo naziphi na izinto ezibangela ukuba umntu angabi naso isifo (amayeza, izinto zokucoca ulusu, i-latex, ukutya).
- Uya kucetyiswa ukuba ungatyi okanye ungaseli nto emva kweentsuku ezinzulwini zobusuku ngaphambi kotyando. Ukuba ufuna ukuthatha amayeza abalulekileyo, ungawasela namanzi. Ugqirha uya kukuxelela ngaloo nto.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lotyando?
Lo ngumzamo weqela. Eli qela lidla ngokuquka ugqirha wezintso (Urologist), i-anesthesiologist, kunye nabasebenzi bomongikazi.
Okokuqala, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kukufaka phantsi kwe-anesthesia eqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha lotyando, kwaye uza kube ulele. Emva koko, kuza kufakwa i-catheter yomchamo.
Okulandelayo, utyando lwenziwa ngokwendlela ekhethiweyo.
- Kwityando elivulekileyo: Ugqirha wenza utyando olukhulu aze avale okwethutyana imithambo yegazi ethwala igazi ukuya nokubuya kwintso nge-clip. Emva koko, kubekwa umkhenkce kwintso ukuze kuncitshiswe ubushushu bezintso. Oku kwenziwa ukuze kuncitshiswe umonakalo kwizicubu zezintso ngelixa ukuhamba kwegazi kumisiwe. Emva koko inxalenye enesifo iyasuswa kwaye izintso ziyalungiswa.
- Utyando lweRobhothi: Ikhamera kunye nezixhobo zifakwa ngokusebenzisa imingxunya emincinci, kwaye umngxuma wesisu uzaliswa yigesi yekhabhoni-dayoksayidi. Oku kudala isithuba ngaphakathi kwesisu, okuvumela ugqirha ukuba afikelele kwintso ngokulula. Emva koko, esebenzisa iingalo zerobhothi, inxalenye enesifo isuswa ngononophelo olukhulu kwaye intso ilungisiwe.
Ekupheleni kotyando, amanxeba avalwa ngezititshi kunye/okanye izitapile. Ngamanye amaxesha, iityhubhu ezincinci zokukhupha amanzi zesilicone zinokubekwa ukuze kukhutshwe naluphi na ulwelo okanye igazi elinokuqokelelwa ngaphakathi. Ezi zisuswa emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Utyando ludla ngokuthatha malunga neeyure ezi-3-4 .
Kwenzeka ntoni emva kotyando? Kwaye kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba umntu aphile?
Emva kotyando, uza kusiwa kwigumbi lokuchacha. Uza kuba sezingqondweni kodwa ucotha kancinci. Uza kunikwa amayeza okulawula iintlungu. Usenokuziva unesicaphucaphu ngenxa ye-anesthesia, kwaye uza kunikwa namayeza aloo nto.
- Ukutya: Uza kunikwa ukutya okumanzi kuphela ngosuku lokuqala okanye ezimbini. Emva koko uza kuqaliswa kancinci kancinci ukutya okuqhelekileyo.
- Ukuhamba: Okumangalisayo kukuba, uya kukhuthazwa ukuba uvuke ebhedini uhambehamba ngosuku olulandelayo emva kotyando. Ukuhambahamba kunokunceda ukukhawulezisa ukuchacha, ukuphucula ukujikeleza kwegazi, ukuthintela amahlwili egazi, kunye nokuthintela iingxaki ezifana ne-pneumonia.
- Ukulaliswa esibhedlele: Emva kotyando lwerobhothi, kuya kufuneka uhlale esibhedlele iintsuku ezi-1-2 . Emva kotyando oluvulekileyo, kuya kufuneka uhlale malunga neentsuku ezi-3-4 .
- Ixesha lokuchacha: Ungabuyela kwimisebenzi yakho eqhelekileyo kwiiveki ezi-4-6 emva kotyando lwerobhothi. Kungathatha malunga neeveki ezi-8-12 emva kotyando oluvulekileyo. Ukuba umsebenzi wakho unzima kakhulu, kungcono ukuthatha ixesha elide ukuze uphile.
Ufanele ufowunele ugqirha nini ngoko nangoko?
Emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya, kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wakho ngexesha lakho lokudibana. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ufumana naziphi na iimpawu ezilandelayo, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo lesibhedlele esikufutshane (ETU).
| Iimpawu zesilumkiso ekufuneka uziqaphele | |
|---|---|
| Ifiva | Ubushushu bomzimba obungaphezulu kwe-100°F (38°C). |
| Igazi kumchamo | Igazi kumchamo (iHematuria). |
| Indawo yokusika | Inxeba liphuma igazi elininzi, livuza ulwelo olutshintsha umbala, linevumba elibi, okanye imithungo iyaqhekeka. |
| Intlungu | Ukuba intlungu iya isiba mandundu. |
| Ezinye iingxaki | Iimeko ezinje ngokuqokelelwa kolwelo (iSeroma) kunye nokuqhekeka kwegazi (iHematoma) kwindawo yotyando. |
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lwe-Partial Nephrectomy lutyando olubaluleke kakhulu olususa kuphela inxalenye enesifo yezintso ngelixa lugcina iindawo eziphilileyo, ngaphandle kokususa ngokupheleleyo izintso.
- Utyando lweKeyhole (Robotic/Laparoscopic) lunexesha elifutshane lokuchacha kwaye luneentlungu ezimbalwa. Nangona kunjalo, lusenokungalungeli wonke umntu. Ugqirha wakho uya kumisela eyona ndlela ifanelekileyo kuwe.
- Landela imiyalelo kagqirha ngononophelo ngaphambi nasemva kotyando, ingakumbi malunga namayeza kunye nokutya.
- Ukuqala ukuhamba emva nje kotyando kunceda kakhulu kwinkqubo yokuphiliswa.
- Emva kokuba ufikile ekhaya, qaphela iimpawu ezilumkisayo ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ukuba uneengxaki, funa ingcebiso kagqirha ngokukhawuleza.
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