Ngaba wakha wenzakala kancinci? Mhlawumbi uzinqumle isandla sakho ngemela, okanye wawela ndaweni ithile. Xa oko kusenzeka, ukopha kuyayeka emva kwexesha elithile, akunjalo? Isizathu sale nto yindlela emangalisayo emzimbeni wethu. Oko kukuqunjelwa kwegazi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha le nkqubo ayisebenzi kakuhle. Nokuba igazi lithatha ixesha elide kunokuba kufanele, okanye lenzeka ngokukhawuleza kunokuba kufanele. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, sithetha ngovavanyo olulula kakhulu, kodwa olubaluleke kakhulu olwenziwayo ukufumanisa ukuba igazi lakho liqunjelwa ngokukhawuleza kangakanani. Lubizwa ngokuba yiProthrombin Time, okanye uvavanyo lwePT/INR.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni olu vavanyo lwe-PT/INR?
Uvavanyo lwe-PT/INR luvavanyo oluthatha isampuli yegazi lakho kwaye lulinganise ukuba kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukuba lijiye. Cinga ngako, xa unesilonda, iiproteni emizimbeni yethu (ezibizwa ngokuba zizinto ezibangela ukujiya kwegazi) zisebenza kunye ukwenza ijiye yegazi ukunqanda ukopha. I-Prothrombin yenye iproteni eyenziwa sisibindi sethu kwaye ibalulekile kwinkqubo yokujiya kwegazi.
Iziphumo zolu vavanyo zinganikwa ngemizuzwana, okanye zihlala zinikwa ngokubala okukhethekileyo okubizwa ngokuba yi-``INR - International Normalized Ratio''. I-INR yindlela eqhelekileyo yokulinganisa engahlukanga kwilabhoratri kwihlabathi liphela. Ke ngoko, kulula kakhulu koogqirha ukuqonda iziphumo.
Rhoqo, ugqirha uya kwenza olunye uvavanyo lokujiya kwegazi olubizwa ngokuba yi-PTT (Partial Thromboplastin Time) kunye nolu vavanyo lwe-PT. Lujonga ukuba ezinye izinto ezinceda ukujiya kwegazi zisebenza kakuhle na.
Kweziphi iimeko olu vavanyo lwe-PT/INR lwenziwa kuzo?
Oogqirha benza olu vavanyo ukuqinisekisa ukuba igazi lakho liqina kakuhle. Khawucinge nje, ukuba igazi lakho liqina kancinci, ungopha kakhulu nokuba wenzekele kancinci. Ngokufanayo, ukuba igazi lakho liqina ngokukhawuleza, amaqhina anokunamathela kwimithambo yegazi yakho aze abangele iimeko eziyingozi.
Nazi ezinye zezizathu eziphambili zokuba ugqirha wakho angayalela olu vavanyo:
- Jonga idosi yakho ye-warfarin: I-Warfarin, eyaziwa ngokuba yiCoumadin®, inciphisa igazi. Inikwa ukuthintela ukuba amahlwili egazi ayingozi angenzeki emzimbeni. Umzekelo, eli yeza linikwa abantu abasengozini yokuba namahlwili egazi kwimithambo yemilenze (Deep Venous Thrombosis) okanye amahlwili egazi emiphungeni (Pulmonary Embolism). Ngoko ke, olu vavanyo lwe-PT/INR ludla ngokwenziwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba idosi ye-warfarin oyithathayo ichanekile na, ininzi kakhulu, okanye ayanelanga.
- Ngaphambi Kotyando: Olu vavanyo lwenziwa ngaphambi kotyando ukuze kubonwe ukuba igazi lakho lihlala liqhekeka ngokwesiqhelo na. Oku kuya kunceda oogqirha baqinisekise ukuba akukho mngcipheko wokopha kakhulu ngexesha lotyando.
- Ukufumanisa iingxaki zokopha kunye nokuxinana kwegazi: Ukuba unemivumbo engaziwayo, ukopha rhoqo impumlo, okanye ubunzima bokumisa ukopha nokuba kuselinxeba elincinci, olu vavanyo lunokunceda ekufumaneni unobangela.
- Ukuba urhanela ukuba isibindi sinesifo: Sitshilo ngaphambili ukuba i-prothrombin yenziwa sisibindi. Ngoko ke, ukuba kukho ingxaki ngale protein, oko kuthetha ukuba kukho isifo sesibindi. Uvavanyo lwe-PT/INR lolunye lwezilingo ezininzi ezisetyenziselwa ukujonga ukusebenza kwesibindi.
Ngaba kukho naluphi na ulungiselelo olukhethekileyo olufunekayo ngaphambi kovavanyo?
Ewe, ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka ulungiselele kancinci. Ugqirha wakho uza kukuchazela oku. Ngokwesiqhelo, kusenokuba yinto efana nale:
- Yeka amayeza athile okwethutyana: Amanye amayeza, afana nee-antibiotics, anokunyusa i-PT/INR yakho. Amayeza e-hormone, afana neepilisi zokulawula ukuzalwa, nawo anokunciphisa eli xabiso. Ke ngoko, kufuneka uxelele ugqirha wakho ngawo onke amayeza owasebenzisayo. Kodwa khumbula, ungaze uyeke amayeza akho ngaphandle kokuba ugqirha wakho ekuxelele ukuba wenjenjalo.
- Nciphisa ukutya kwakho iVithamin K: IVithamin K yinto enceda ukujiya kwegazi. Ngoko ke ukuba uthatha iipilisi zeVithamin K, okanye utya ukutya okuninzi okuneVithamin K okufana nekhaphetshu, ispinatshi, kunye nebroccoli, ungacelwa ukuba unciphise kancinci. Kuba oko kunokuchaphazela neziphumo. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba wenze nayiphi na kwezi, ngokuqinisekileyo kufuneka ubuze ugqirha wakho.
Kwenzeka ntoni ngexesha lovavanyo?
Oku kulula kakhulu, njengokunikela ngegazi ngesiqhelo.
1. Umongikazi okanye ingcali yelabhoratri iza kuthambisa ingalo yakho ngaphakathi ngotywala ize ibeke ibhendi yelastiki phezulu kwengalo yakho.
2. Baza kukucela ukuba uhlikihle isandla sakho. Emva koko uza kuyibona kakuhle imithambo yegazi.
3. Inaliti isetyenziselwa ukutsala igazi elivela emthanjeni lingene kwibhotile encinci. Uya kuziva urhawuzelelwa kancinci xa inaliti ifakwa.
4. Xa igazi litsalwa, uza kucelwa ukuba ubeke iplasta encinci okanye iqhekeza lekotoni phezu kwenaliti uze uyibambe endaweni yayo.
Ngamanye amaxesha, ingakumbi kubantu abasebenzisa i-warfarin, kufuneka benze uvavanyo rhoqo, ngoko ke kufuneka bathathe ithontsi legazi kwiminwe yabo. Kukwakho nezixhobo zovavanyo ekhaya. Ukuba ufuna enye, ugqirha wakho uza kukubonisa indlela yokuyisebenzisa kunye nendlela yokuxela iziphumo kugqirha wakho.
Iziphumo okanye indlela yokuqonda iziphumo?
Xa ufumana iziphumo zakho, masibone ukuba zithetha ukuthini ezi nombolo. Kubalulekile kakhulu ukuyiqonda le nto, ingakumbi ukuba usebenzisa i-warfarin.
| Uhlobo lwesiphumo | Uluhlu oluQhelekileyo |
|---|---|
| Ixesha leProthrombin (ngemizuzwana) | Phakathi kwemizuzwana eli-11 neli-13.5. |
| INR (yomntu ophilileyo) | Phakathi kwe-0.8 kunye ne-1.1. |
| INR (iWarfarin - injongo yomntu othatha iWarfarin) | Phakathi kwe-2.0 kunye ne-3.0. (Kwezinye iimeko zonyango, eli xabiso lingaba liphantsi okanye liphezulu. Oku kuya kugqitywa ngugqirha wakho.) |
Zithetha ukuthini iziphumo ezingaqhelekanga?
Ukuba ixabiso le-PT okanye ixabiso le-INR liphezulu:
Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho lithatha ixesha elide kuneliqhelekileyo ukuze lijiye.
- Ukuba awuyisebenzisi i-warfarin, oku kusenokuba kungenxa yengxaki yokopha, ingxaki yesibindi, okanye ukunqongophala kwe-vitamin K.
- Ukuba uthatha i-warfarin kwaye i-INR yakho iphezulu kunethagethi (umz., ingaphezulu kwe-3.0), usemngciphekweni wokopha. Oku kusenokubangelwa zezi zinto zilandelayo:
- Idosi yakho ye-warfarin iphezulu kakhulu.
- Ngenxa yelinye iyeza olithathe ngaphandle kokuxelela ugqirha (amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu, amayeza omkhuhlane).
- Ukusebenzisana kweWarfarin nezinto ezifana nesipinatshi, ikale, ijusi yecranberry, okanye utywala.
Ukuba ixabiso le-PT okanye ixabiso le-INR liphantsi:
Oku kuthetha ukuba igazi lakho liqina ngokukhawuleza kunesiqhelo. Ukuba umntu othatha i-warfarin unexabiso le-INR elingaphantsi kwelo lijoliswe kulo (umz., ngaphantsi kwe-2.0), kusekho umngcipheko wokwakheka kwamaqhina egazi.
Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba, nokuba iziphumo zakho zithini na, ungoyiki kwaye uthethe nogqirha wakho. Nguye oza kufumana unobangela aze enze oko kuyimfuneko.
Ukuba iziphumo aziqhelekanga, yintoni oyenzayo emva koko?
Ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo, ugqirha wakho uya kugqiba ngento amakayenze ngokulandelayo.
- Ukuba uthatha i-warfarin: Ugqirha wakho uza kuyilungisa kancinci idosi yakho ukuze abuyisele i-INR yakho kuluhlu olujoliswe kulo. Oku kuthetha ukuba unokufuna ukwandisa okanye ukunciphisa idosi yakho kancinci.
- Ukuba kukho esinye isifo esirhanelwayo: Ugqirha uza kuqwalasela iziphumo zovavanyo lwe-PT kunye nolwe-PTT kunye. Angakuthumela kwakhona ukuze ufumane olunye uvavanyo ukuze kufunyaniswe eso sifo.
Iziphumo zihlala zifumaneka kwiiyure ezimbalwa okanye ngosuku. Uvavanyo lweminwe luthatha imizuzu embalwa nje.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-PT/INR luvavanyo lwegazi olulula olulinganisa ixesha elithathwayo ukuze igazi lakho lijiye.
- Abantu abasebenzisa amayeza okunciphisa igazi afana neWarfarin kufuneka bavavanywe rhoqo. Oku kunceda ekulawuleni ngokuchanekileyo umthamo wamayeza.
- Olu vavanyo lukwanceda ekuxilongeni izinto ezifana neengxaki zokopha kunye nezifo zesibindi.
- Ungakhathazeki ukuba iziphumo zakho zingaphaya komlinganiselo oqhelekileyo. Thetha nogqirha wakho malunga nokuba kuthetha ukuthini oko kunye nento omawuyenze emva koko.
- Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwazisa ugqirha wakho malunga nawo onke amayeza, iivithamini, kunye nemikhwa yakho yokutya.
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