Ngaba umntwana wakho uhlala eba nomphimbo obuhlungu okanye i-tonsillitis? Ngamanye amaxesha sicinga ukuba ngumkhuhlane nje oqhelekileyo kwaye asiwunikeli ngqalelo ingako. Kodwa ukuba emva kweentsuku ezimbalwa umntwana wakho uqala ukuthi izinto ezifana nokuthi "Mama, idolo lam libuhlungu," okanye "Umlenze wam uziva ungakhululekanga," musa ukuwutyeshela nje. Kuba, isenokuba sisiqalo semeko ebizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatic fever esithetha ngayo namhlanje. Le yinto ekufuneka siyilumkele, ngoko masithethe ngayo ngokweenkcukacha.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni i-rheumatic fever?
I-rheumatic fever sisifo esingaqhelekanga sokuzikhusela komzimba esibangela ukudumba kwezicubu kunye namalungu omzimba womntwana. Ngamazwi alula, le yindlela esebenza ngayo. Cinga ngenkqubo yethu yokuzikhusela komzimba njengomkhosi okhusela ilizwe. Umsebenzi walo mkhosi kukuchonga nokuhlasela abahlaseli bamanye amazwe (iintsholongwane, iibhaktheriya) kunye nokusikhusela kwizifo.
Ngoku, masithi umntwana wakho une-strep throat okanye i-scarlet fever. Zombini ezi zifo zibangelwa luhlobo lwebhaktheriya ebizwa ngokuba yiGroup A Streptococcus. Ukuba asiyinyangi kakuhle le ntsholongwane ngee-antibiotics, umkhosi womzimba wethu uba novalo. Ngelixa belwa nale ntsholongwane, benza impazamo encinci. Babona izicwili zethu eziphilileyo baze bacinge, "Owu, nantsi intshaba," baze baqale ukuyihlasela nayo. Kufana nomkhosi wethu uqhumisa izixeko zethu.
Le mpendulo ingafanelekanga yale nkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ibangela ukudumba kwamalungu omntwana, intliziyo, imithambo yegazi, ulusu kunye nengqondo . Le meko ibizwa ngokuba yi-rheumatic fever.
Into ebalulekileyo kukuba i-rheumatic fever ayisiyonto yomphimbo. Yingxaki engaqhelekanga kodwa enzima yomphimbo onganyangwanga.
Zithini iimpawu zesifo samathambo kumntwana?
Iimpawu zomkhuhlane wamathambo zingahluka ukusuka komnye umntwana ukuya komnye. Ngamanye amaxesha usulelo lomphimbo lomntwana luncinci kangangokuba usenokungaluboni. Iimpawu zomkhuhlane wamathambo zihlala zibonakala emva kweeveki ezimbini ukuya kwezintathu. Ezi mpawu zinokufana nezinye izifo eziqhelekileyo, ngoko ngamanye amaxesha sinokulahlekiswa. Kodwa kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku.
Makhe sibone ukuba zeziphi iimpawu eziphambili kwitheyibhile engezantsi.
| Uphawu | Inkcazo kunye nezinto ekufuneka uziqaphele |
|---|---|
| Ukudumba kunye nentlungu yamalungu (iArthritis) | Olu lolona phawu luqhelekileyo. Amalungu amakhulu omntwana, anjengamadolo, amaqatha, iingqiniba, kunye nezandla, aba bomvu, adumbe, kwaye abe buhlungu. Intlungu idla 'ngokutsiba' ukusuka kwelinye ilungu ukuya kwelinye. Ukuba idolo libuhlungu namhlanje, iqatha lisenokubuhlungu ngomso. |
| I-carditis | Olu lolona phawu lunzima kakhulu lomkhuhlane wamathambo. Lunokubangela iintlungu esifubeni, ukuphefumla kancinci, kunye nokuziva ngathi intliziyo ibetha ngokukhawuleza. Ngamanye amaxesha, xa ugqirha ebeka i-stethoscope esifubeni somntwana, usenokuva isandi esingaqhelekanga (ukumbombozela). |
| Iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo (iChorea) | Olu luphawu olungaqhelekanga. Iingalo, imilenze, kunye nezihlunu zobuso bomntwana ziyashukuma ngokungalawulekiyo, ngokungathi ziyadanisa. Umntwana akakwazi ukwenza izinto ezifana nokubhala, ukutya, okanye ukuqhobosha iimpahla zakhe. Oku kubangelwa kukonakala kwengqondo. |
| Amaqhuma angaphantsi kolusu (iiNodules) | Amaqhuma amancinci angenabuhlungu abonakala ngathi ngamathambo anokubonakala phantsi kolusu kufutshane namalungu afana neengqiniba, amadolo, kunye nezandla zomntwana. La maqhuma adla ngokuphela emva kweeveki ezimbalwa. |
| Ukuqhambuka kwesikhumba okubomvu | Abanye abantwana baba namaqhuma abomvu, angqukuva, acacileyo emizimbeni yabo, ingakumbi esifubeni, esiswini, nasemqolo. La maqhuma adla ngokungarhawuzeleli. |
| Ezinye iimpawu eziqhelekileyo | Ukongeza kwezi mpawu ziphambili, usenokuba nomkhuhlane, ukudinwa kakhulu, iintlungu zomzimba, iintloko ezibuhlungu, kunye nokudumba kweetoni ezibomvu . |
Ngubani osengozini enkulu yokuhlaselwa sesi sifo?
Nangona nabani na enokuba nomkhuhlane wamathambo, abanye abantu basengozini enkulu.
- Ubudala: Esi sifo sichaphazela kakhulu abantwana kunye nabantu abadala abaselula abaphakathi kweminyaka emi-5 neli-15. Kunqabile kakhulu ukuba abantu abangaphantsi kweminyaka emi-5 nangaphezulu kweminyaka eli-15 babe naso.
- Indawo yokuhlala: Umngcipheko uphezulu kwiindawo apho abantu abaninzi bahlanganisana khona (umzekelo, izikolo, amaziko okugcina abantwana, amakhaya axineneyo) kuba iintsholongwane zisasazeka lula.
- Imbali yosapho: Ukuba kukho umntu kusapho okhe waba ne-rheumatic fever, nabanye banokuba nayo.
- Usulelo lomphimbo oluqhelekileyo: Ukuba umntwana une-strep throat throat rhoqo, umngcipheko wokuba nomkhuhlane wamathambo uyanda.
- Izibonelelo zempilo: Abantwana abahlala kwiindawo ezikude apho kunzima ukufikelela khona izibonelelo zonyango basengozini enkulu kuba basenokungafumani unyango ngexesha elifanelekileyo losulelo lomphimbo.
Ingaba yinyani na into yokuba umkhuhlane wamathambo uchaphazela intliziyo?
Ewe, le yeyona nto yoyikisayo nexhalabisayo xa sithetha nge-rheumatic fever. I-rheumatic fever ayisoloko ichaphazela intliziyo. Kodwa xa iyenza, inokonakalisa izicwili zentliziyo, ingakumbi iivalvu zentliziyo .
Cinga ngeevalvu zentliziyo njengeengcango ezintliziyweni zethu. Umsebenzi wazo kukuvumela igazi ukuba lihambe kwicala elinye kuphela kwaye lithintele ukuba libuye umva. Umkhuhlane werheumatic unokubangela ukuba kubekho izicubu ezibomvu kwezi valve, nto leyo ebangela ukuba zingavaleki kakuhle okanye zingavuli kakuhle. Oku kunokuphazamisana nokusebenza kwentliziyo.
Esi sifo sibizwa ngokuba yiRheumatic Heart Disease . Eyona nto iyingozi kukuba iimpawu zesi sifo sentliziyo ngamanye amaxesha zinokubonakala emva kweminyaka eli-10-20 emva kokuqala komkhuhlane wamathambo.
Yiyo loo nto ukujonga imeko yezempilo ixesha elide kubaluleke kakhulu kumntwana one-rheumatic fever. Oku kuvumela ukubonwa kwangethuba komonakalo wentliziyo kunye nonyango.
Ugqirha uxilonga njani esi sifo?
Ukuba umntwana wakho ukhala umphimbo ngaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha. Ukunyanga usulelo lwe-strep yeyona ndlela ilungileyo yokuthintela umkhuhlane wamathambo.
Ukuba ugqirha uhlola umntwana wakho aze akrokre ukuba une-rheumatic fever, uza kwenza iimvavanyo ezininzi, ezifana nezi:
1. I-Throat Swab: Kuthathwa isampulu encinci yomqala ukujonga ubukho bebhaktheriya ethi `Group A Streptococcus`. Oku kungenziwa njengovavanyo lwe-`Rapid Strep Test` olunika iziphumo kwimizuzu eli-10, okanye lunokuthunyelwa kwi-`Throat Culture` oluthatha iintsuku ezininzi ukuvavanya.
2. Uvavanyo lwegazi:Igazi lomntwana linokuvavanywa ukuze kubonwe ukuba kukho ii-antibodies ezilwa nebhaktheriya iStrep. Banokujonga na amanqanaba ezinto ezifana ne-CRP kunye ne-ESR, ezibonisa ukuba kukho ukudumba emzimbeni.
3. Uvavanyo lweNtliziyo: Olu vavanyo lubaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba intliziyo ichaphazelekile na.
- I-EKG (i-Electrocardiogram): Uvavanyo olujonga umsebenzi wombane wentliziyo.
- I-Echocardiogram (Echo): Njengokuskena, oku kungayibona ngokucacileyo indlela esebenza ngayo iivali kunye nemisipha yentliziyo.
Iikhrayitheriya zikaJones
Oogqirha basebenzisa iseti ekhethekileyo yezikhokelo ezibizwa ngokuba yi-"Jones criteria" ukufumanisa umkhuhlane wamathambo. Oku kufana nenkqubo yokufumana amanqaku. Ukuqinisekisa isifo, umntwana kufuneka abe neempawu ezimbini okanye ngaphezulu kweziphambili ezingezantsi, okanye enye ikhrayitheriya ephambili kunye neempawu ezimbini ezincinci, kunye nobungqina bosulelo lwangaphambili lwe-strep.
| Iikhrayitheriya eziphambili | Iikhrayitheriya ezincinci |
|---|---|
| Ukudumba kwamalungu aliqela (iArthritis) | Ifiva |
| I-carditis | Amanqanaba aphezulu e-ESR okanye e-CRP egazini |
| Amaqhuma angaphantsi kolusu (iiNodules) | Intlungu yamalungu (i-Arthralgia) |
| Iintshukumo ezingalawulekiyo (iChorea) | Utshintsho kuvavanyo lwe-EKG |
| I-Erythema marginatum (irhashalala lolusu) | Ukuba ukhe waba nomkhuhlane we-rheumatic okanye isifo sentliziyo se-rheumatic ngaphambili |
Ziziphi iindlela zonyango lwe-rheumatic fever?
Kukho iinjongo eziphambili ezininzi xa kunyangwa umkhuhlane wamathambo.
1. Ukuphelisa usulelo lwebhaktiriya: Inyathelo lokuqala kukususa ngokupheleleyo intsholongwane yeStrep ebangela umkhuhlane wamathambo emzimbeni. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, ugqirha uya kukunika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Oku kungaba yinaliti enye okanye ikhosi yeentsuku ezili-10 yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuthatha amayeza apheleleyo, nokuba umntwana uzive ngcono. Ngaphandle koko, usulelo lunokubuya.
2. Ukulawula ukudumba: Amayeza okulwa nokuvuvukala anikwa ukunciphisa ukudumba kunye nentlungu emzimbeni. La mayeza aluncedo kakhulu kwiintlungu zamalungu. Ukuba iimpawu zinzima, ingakumbi ukuba intliziyo ichaphazelekile, amayeza anamandla afana ne-'Corticosteroids' anokunikwa.
3. Ukuthintela ukuphinda kube yintsholongwane: Oku kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukuba umntwana ukhe waba ne-rheumatic fever kanye, unokuba nethuba lokufumana i-rheumatic fever kwakhona ukuba ufumana usulelo lwe-strep kwakhona. Ukuthintela oku, ugqirha unokufaka umntwana kwikhosi yexesha elide yamayeza okubulala iintsholongwane . Oku kusenokuba yinaliti yepenicillin yenyanga. Olu nyango lunokufuneka luqhubeke iminyaka, ngamanye amaxesha de umntwana abe ngumntu omdala.
Sibakhusela njani abantwana bethu kwesi sifo?
Eyona ndlela ilungileyo nekuphela kwayo yokuthintela umkhuhlane wamathambo kukuxilonga nokunyanga umphimbo obuhlungu kunye nomkhuhlane obomvu ngokukhawuleza nangendlela echanekileyo.
- Musa ukuyityeshela ingxolo yomphimbo: Ukuba umntwana unesifo somphimbo esibuhlungu kangangeentsuku ezingaphezu kwezintathu, kunzima ukuginya, une-lymph nodes evuvukileyo entanyeni, okanye unomkhuhlane, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Nika amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane kanye njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha: Nika amayeza njengoko kuyalelwe ngugqirha ixesha lonke. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasela phakathi, usithi umntwana wakho uza kuba ngcono kwiintsuku ezimbini.
- Imikhwa elungileyo yococeko:
- Fundisa umntwana wakho ukuhlamba izandla zakhe kakuhle ngesepha rhoqo.
- Bafundise ukugquma umlomo nempumlo ngethishu okanye ngengqiniba xa bekhohlela okanye bethimla.
- Qinisekisa ukuba abanye abantu abazisebenzisi iipleyiti, iikomityi, kunye neepuni zomntwana wakho.
Ngokunyamekela ezi zinto, ungenza lukhulu ekukhuseleni umntwana wakho kwimeko enzima efana nomkhuhlane wamathambo.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Ukuba umphimbo womntwana wakho uhlala ixesha elingaphezu kweentsuku ezimbini okanye ezintathu, uhamba neempawu ezinje ngomkhuhlane, ukuphelelwa ngumdla wokutya, okanye iqhubu entanyeni, qiniseka ukuba ubona ugqirha.
- Umkhuhlane werheumatic ubangelwa kusulelo lwebhaktheriya iStrep olunganyangwanga.
- Esi sifo sinokubangela umonakalo wexesha elide entliziyweni yomntwana, emalungwini, nakwinkqubo yemithambo-luvo, ngoko ke ukuxilongwa kwangethuba kunye nonyango kubaluleke kakhulu.
- Nika umntwana wakho amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane amiselwe ngugqirha ixesha lonke. Musa ukuyeka ukuwasebenzisa nokuba iimpawu ziyancipha.
- Umntwana obenesifo samathambo angadinga ukuthatha amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane ixesha elide ukuze angabuyi. Landela imiyalelo kagqirha wakho ngononophelo.
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