Ingaba ungumdlali wekhilikithi, uphosa i-javelin, okanye ungumdlali wetenisi? Ngoko mhlawumbi akufuneki ukhathazeke ngeentlungu zengqiniba, akunjalo? Ngamanye amaxesha unobangela oyintloko wale ntlungu kukukrazuka kwe-ligament eqinileyo ngaphakathi kwengqiniba. Kulapho ke 'utyando lukaTommy John' olutshintsha ikamva labadlali abaninzi luvela khona. Masithethe ngale nto ngokulula, ukusuka ku-A ukuya ku-Z.
Ngamafutshane, yintoni utyando lukaTommy John?
Utyando lukaTommy John lutyando olulungisa i-ligament engaphakathi kwengqiniba yakho olubizwa ngokuba yi-Ulnar Collateral Ligament (UCL) . Lukwabizwa ngokuba lutyando lwe-'UCL'.
Cinga nge-UCL njengebhanti yerabha eqinileyo ebamba i-elbow joint kunye. Xa sisebenzisa i-elbow yethu ngendlela efanayo ngokuphindaphindiweyo, ingakumbi xa sibhowula ngokukhawuleza okanye siphosa i-javelin, le ligament inokonakala. Le meko idla ngokubonakala kwi:
- Ibhola ekhatywayo
- Ibhola ethambileyo
- Umkhonto
- Ibhola ekhatywayo (ingakumbi abadlali abaphosa ibhola)
- Kwabo badlala itenisi kunye nemidlalo efana nayo yeracket.
Ukuba ungumdlali wezemidlalo, uninzi lwexesha, le ngozi inokunyangeka ngokuphumla kunye nonyango olulula. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba ungumdlali wezemidlalo oqeqeshiweyo, oko kuthetha ukuba umsebenzi wakho wonke ukulo mdlalo, le ngozi ingaba sisiphelo somsebenzi wakho wokudlala. Kulapho ke kufuneka utyando lwe-'UCL' ukuze usindise umsebenzi wakho wokudlala.
Kolu tyando, ugqirha wakho uthatha i-tendon ephilileyo kwenye inxalenye yomzimba wakho (ngokuqhelekileyo engalweni yakho okanye ngasemva kwedolo lakho) aze ayisebenzisele ukwakha kwakhona i-ligament eyonakeleyo kwingqiniba yakho. I-tendon ethathwa ngolu hlobo ibizwa ngokuba yi-'graft' . Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuyifumana emzimbeni wakho, i-tendon evela kumntu onikelayo ingasetyenziswa. Le tendon intsha inamathele kwithambo lengalo ephezulu (i-humerus) kunye nethambo lengalo elisezantsi (i-ulna) lengqiniba yakho, okwenza isebenze njenge-ligament entsha ye-'UCL'.
Emva kolu tyando:
- Ingqiniba yakho iyaqina.
- Intlungu iyancipha.
- Uluhlu lwentshukumo esandleni luyabuyiselwa.
Kwezinye iimeko, endaweni yokwenza i-full cast, kufakwa isixhobo esikhethekileyo esibizwa ngokuba yi-'internal brace' engqinibeni ukuze kuqiniswe i-cast.
Kutheni ibizwa ngokuba yi-'Tommy John'? Ithini ibali layo?
Eli libali elinomdla kakhulu. Olu tyando luthiywe ngegama likaTommy John, umdlali webaseball odumileyo waseMelika. Wayengumdlali webhowuda onobuchule. Ngo-1974, i-ligament yakhe ye-UCL engqinibeni yakhe yayikrazukile ngokupheleleyo. Ngelo xesha, ukwenzakala okunjalo kwakuthetha ukuphela komsebenzi wakhe kwezemidlalo.
Nangona kunjalo, oogqirha bazame utyando olutsha ukulungisa ingqiniba yakhe. Emva kotyando, waphoswa yilo lonke ixesha lonyaka ka-1975. Kodwa okwamangalisa wonke umntu kukuba, wabuyela ebaleni ngo-1976 waza wadlala ngcono kunangaphambili. Ngenxa yokubuya kwakhe ngempumelelo, utyando lwe-'UCL' luye lwabizwa ngokuba lutyando lwe-'Tommy John'.
Uzilungiselela njani ngaphambi kotyando?
Ugqirha wakho wamathambo uza kukuchazela indlela yokulungiselela utyando. Ngokwesiqhelo, kuya kufuneka wenze oku kulandelayo:
- Uvavanyo olupheleleyo lomzimba: Qinisekisa ukuba usempilweni ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungatyandwa.
- Uvavanyo lwegazi: Funda ngemisebenzi esisiseko yomzimba kunye nemeko yosulelo.
- Uvavanyo lwemifanekiso: I-X-ray , i-CT scan , okanye i-MRI scan ingayalelwa ukuze kubonwe ukuba yintoni kanye kanye umonakalo owenzekileyo engqinibeni yakho.
- I-E.C.G. (i-Electrocardiogram): Jonga ukuba intliziyo yakho isebenza kakuhle na.
- Ukuhlolwa kwamazinyo: Kuthintela ukosuleleka emlonyeni ukuba kungasasazeki egazini kwaye kuchaphazele indawo yotyando emva kotyando.
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuxelela ugqirha wakho malunga namayeza, iivithamini, okanye amayeza esintu owasebenzisayo. Amanye amayeza (ingakumbi lawo anciphisa ukujiya kwegazi) anokufuneka amiswe kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ngaphambi kotyando.
Ugqirha wakho uza kukuxelela ukuba kufuneka uyeke ukutya nokusela ixesha elingakanani ngosuku olungaphambi kotyando. Ngokwesiqhelo, kufuneka uyeke ukutya nokusela iiyure ezili-12 ngaphambi kotyando.
Kwenzeka ntoni kanye kanye ngexesha lotyando?
Ngaphambi kokuba utyando luqale, ingcali yokubulala iintlungu iza kukunika i-anesthesia jikelele . Oku kuthetha ukuba uza kube ulele ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko ke awuyi kuva ntlungu ngexesha lotyando.
Utyando ludla ngokulandela la manyathelo:
1. I-Arthroscopy: Ngamanye amaxesha ugqirha usebenzisa ikhamera encinci ukujonga ngaphakathi kwelungu lengqiniba. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-arthroscopy . Oku kunokunceda ekuxilongeni nasekunyangeni ezinye iingozi zangaphakathi ngelixa kulungiswa i-ligament.
2. Ukuvunwa kwe-Graft: Ukuba kufuneka i-graft, ugqirha uza kuthatha iqhekeza le-tendon elide eliyi-intshi ezi-6-7 kwelinye ilungu lomzimba wakho (ngesiqhelo elivela engalweni okanye ngasemva kwedolo).
3. Ukususwa kwezicubu ezonakeleyo: Imisipha eyonakeleyo, ekrazukileyo kunye nezinye izicubu ezingafunekiyo ngaphakathi kwengqiniba ziyacocwa kwaye zisuswe.
4.Ukugqobhoza amathambo: Okulandelayo, kugqobhozwa imingxunya emibini kwithambo le-ulna kwaye kugqobhozwa imingxunya emithathu kwithambo le-humerus ngesimo sika-"Y".
5. Ukufaka i-ligament entsha: I-tendon esusiweyo ngaphambili (i-graft) idlula kule mingxunya ize ilungiswe njenge-ligament entsha. Ngamanye amaxesha incamathiselwa emathanjeni ngezikrufu ezincinci ukuze iqine.
6. Ukulungisa eminye imonakalo: Ukuba imithambo-luvo ekwingqiniba (umthambo we-ulnar) yonakele okanye kukho ezinye iingxaki, nayo iyalungiswa ngeli xesha lotyando.
7. Ukuthunga izisikelo: Ekugqibeleni, izisikelo ezenziwe eluswini zivalwa ngezititshi. Emva koko zigqunywa ngebhandeji elicocekileyo kwaye kubekwa i-splint eqinileyo ukuze ingalo ingashukumi.
Olu tyando ludla ngokuthatha malunga neyure enesiqingatha, kodwa eli xesha linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungakanani bomonakalo we-ligament kunye nokuba kukho ezinye iingxaki.
Ziziphi iingenelo kunye neengozi zalo tyando?
Njengalo naluphi na utyando, utyando lukaTommy John luneengenelo kunye neengozi.
| Iinzuzo | Iingozi |
|---|---|
| Abadlali abaninzi bayakwazi ukubuyela kumdlalo ngempumelelo. | Usulelo kwindawo yotyando. |
| Intlungu ngexesha lokudlala ibhola okanye ukuphosa ibhola ingaphela kwaye ukunyamezela kunganda. | Ukonakala kwemithambo-luvo esandleni okanye engqinibeni, okubangela ukuba umntu angabi nanto. |
| Emva kotyando oluphumeleleyo, amathuba okuba kwenziwe utyando kwi-ligament efanayo kwakhona aphantsi kakhulu. | Ukonakala kwemithambo yegazi. |
| Izinga lempumelelo liphezulu kakhulu (phakathi kwama-80% - 95%). | I-tendon esandul’ ukufakwa (i-graft) iyakhululeka okanye iguge ngokuhamba kwexesha. |
Linjani ixesha lokuchacha emva kotyando?
Le yeyona nxalenye inzima neyona ibalulekileyo yohambo. Kungathatha ixesha elingaphezu konyaka ukuchacha ngokupheleleyo kutyando lukaTommy John nokubuyela kwimidlalo yokhuphiswano. Olu luhambo olufuna umonde. Kufuneka ulandele imiyalelo enikwe ngugqirha wakho kunye nengcali ye-physiotherapist ngokuchanekileyo.
Ishedyuli yakho yokuchacha ingabonakala ngolu hlobo:
| Ixesha | Kwenzeka ntoni kwaye yintoni ekufuneka yenziwe |
|---|---|
| Iiveki ezimbalwa zokuqala | Kufuneka unxibe i-splint eqinileyo ukuze ingalo yakho ingashukumi. Awukwazi kwaphela ukushukumisa ingqiniba yakho. |
| Phakathi kwenyanga e-1-2 | Inkxaso eqinileyo iyasuswa kwaye kubekwa i-hinged splint ukuvumela ukugoba kwengqiniba okulinganiselweyo. Unyango lomzimba luqala ngeli xesha. |
| Phakathi kweenyanga ezi-3-4 | Ugqirha uza kujonga indlela ochacha ngayo kwaye ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle, ungavunyelwa ukuba uqale ukwenza imisebenzi elula kakhulu, njengokuphosa ibhola. Kodwa kuphela ngokwengcebiso kagqirha. |
| Phakathi kweenyanga ezi-6-9 | Uya kukwazi ukuthatha inxaxheba kuqeqesho olulinganiselweyo, kodwa kuya kufuneka uziphephe ezinye iindlela zokuzilolonga kunye neendlela zoqeqesho. |
| Phakathi kweenyanga ezili-12-18 | Ukuba inkqubo yokuchacha igqityiwe ngaphandle kweengxaki, ugqirha wakho uya kukuvumela ukuba ubuyele kukhuphiswano olupheleleyo. Eli xesha linokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuchacha komzimba wakho kunye nomdlalo. |
Khumbula, umonde ubalulekile kolu hambo. Ukungxama, ukungalandeli imiyalelo ngokufanelekileyo, nokungalandeli imiyalelo ngokufanelekileyo kunokukhokelela ekwenzakaleni okungakumbi, utyando olungakumbi, kunye nexesha elide ungabikho kwezemidlalo.
Ufanele uye nini kugqirha ngoko nangoko?
Ukuba ufumana naziphi na kwezi mpawu zilandelayo emva kokuba ubuyele ekhaya emva kotyando, fowunela ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko okanye uye kwiSebe lezeMpilo eziNgxamisekileyo (ETU) lesibhedlele esikufutshane.
- Iintlungu zesifuba
- Ubunzima bokuphefumla
- Umkhuhlane (ngaphezulu kwe-102 Fahrenheit/39 Celsius)
- Ukopha kakhulu kwindawo yotyando
- Iimpawu zosulelo kwindawo yotyando (umz., ubomvu, ukudumba okugqithisileyo, ivumba, ukubomvu, okanye ukuziva ufudumele)
- Intlungu entsha okanye eyandayo kwingqiniba, esandleni, okanye kwiminwe
- Unentlungu enzima ongenakukwazi ukuyilawula nangona usebenzisa amayeza okuthomalalisa iintlungu owanikiweyo.
Utyando lukaTommy John lutyando olumangalisayo olunika abadlali abangochwephesha ithuba lesibini. Kodwa impumelelo yalo ixhomekeke kwi-90% kwindlela onesineke nozinikele ngayo kwinkqubo yokubuyisela impilo emva kotyando.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- Utyando lukaTommy John lutyando oluphumelele kakhulu, ingakumbi kubadlali, abaye benzakalisa i-UCL ligament ngaphakathi kwengqiniba.
- Kuthatha ixesha elingaphezu konyaka ukuze umntu aphile kolu tyando, kwaye unyango lomzimba lwesigulana lubalulekile ngelo xesha.
- Yazisa ugqirha wakho ngoko nangoko malunga nazo naziphi na iimpawu ezingaqhelekanga (iintlungu eziqatha, umkhuhlane, ukudumba) ezenzeka emva kotyando.
- Ngokulandela imiyalelo kagqirha kunye neyogqirha wezonyango ngokuchanekileyo, abantu abaninzi banokubuyela ngempumelelo ebaleni lokudlala.
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