Ngaba wakha waphawula ukuba umchamo wakho utshintshile umbala, ubonakala ngathi unegazi elincinci kuwo? Okanye ngaba unengxaki yokuchama rhoqo, iintlungu zomqolo, njl.njl.? Nangona sinokucinga ngezi zifo njengosulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo (UTIs), ngamanye amaxesha zinokuba luphawu lwento enzulu ngakumbi. Namhlanje siza kuthetha ngenye yezi meko, umhlaza wendlela yomchamo. Ungakhathazeki, siza kuthetha ngayo yonke into ngokulula.
Yintoni i-Urothelial Carcinoma?
Ngamafutshane, i-Urothelial Carcinoma luhlobo lomhlaza olukhula kwinkqubo yethu yomchamo. Ikwabizwa ngokuba yiTransitional Cell Carcinoma . Ngoku usenokuba uyazibuza ukuba yintoni "i-Urothelium". Ibhekisa kwi-membrane ekhethekileyo yeseli ekhuselayo ejikeleze inkqubo yethu yomchamo, oko kukuthi, isinyi, iityhubhu ezithwala umchamo ukusuka kwizintso ukuya kwisinyi (ureters), kunye neendawo zezintso apho umchamo uqokelelana khona. Njengokuthintela amanzi eludongeni lwendlu yethu, umsebenzi wale membrane yeseli kukuthintela umchamo ukuba ungadibani nomzimba wethu wonke. Ngoko ke, xa iiseli ezikule membrane yeseli ekhuselayo zikhula ngendlela engaqhelekanga kwaye zibe ngumhlaza, siyibiza ngokuba yi-Urothelial Carcinoma.
Umbuzo abantu abaninzi abawubuzayo kukuba ingaba lo ngumhlaza wesinyi na. Enyanisweni, ama-90% omhlaza wesinyi alolu hlobo. Nangona kunjalo, unokukhula nakwizintso. Eyona nto ilungileyo kukuba lo mhlaza unokunyangeka phantse ngokupheleleyo ukuba ufunyenwe kwangethuba .
Ziziphi iintlobo eziphambili zalo mhlaza?
Lo mhlaza unokwahlulwa ube ziintlobo ezininzi eziphambili ngokuxhomekeke kwindlela okhula ngayo nosasazeka ngayo. Olu hlobo lolwahlulo lubaluleke kakhulu ekumiseleni unyango.
| Ulwahlulo | Ingcaciso elula |
|---|---|
| Ihlaselayo vs. Ayihlaseliyo | Ukungahlaseli kuthetha ukuba umhlaza ulinganiselwe kumaleko okhuselayo eeseli ezikhankanyiweyo apha ngasentla. Ukuhlaseli kuthetha ukuba umhlaza usasazeke ngaphaya kwaloo mda waya kwimisipha yesinyi. |
| Ibanga eliphezulu vs. Ibanga eliphantsi | Iiseli zomhlaza ezikumgangatho ophantsi zifana neeseli eziqhelekileyo kwaye zikhula kancinci. Iiseli zomhlaza ezikumgangatho ophezulu aziqhelekanga kwaye zinethuba eliphezulu lokukhula nokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza. |
| I-Papillary vs. Flat | I-papillary carcinoma ikhula ibe sisinyi ngendlela efana nekhowa, efana neminwe. I-flat carcinoma (i-Carcinoma in situ) ithe tyaba kwaye inamathela eludongeni lwesinyi. |
Kutheni olu hlobo lomhlaza luvela? Zithini izinto ezibangela umngcipheko?
Nangona izazinzulu zingekafumani unobangela ochanekileyo, zichonge izinto ezininzi ezonyusa umngcipheko wokufumana lo mhlaza.
- Ukutshaya nokusebenzisa icuba: Le yeyona nto iphambili neyona inobungozi obukhulu . Iikhemikhali ezibangela umhlaza ezikwicuba zidlula egazini zize ziqokeleleke kumchamo. Ezi khemikhali zinobuthi zonakalisa ii-membrane zeseli ezikhuselayo zenkqubo yomchamo, zivula indlela yokuba umhlaza ukhule.
- Ukuvezwa ziikhemikhali kwindawo yokusebenza: Lo mngcipheko uphezulu kwabo basebenza kwiindawo ezenza iidayi ezithile, irabha, amalaphu, iimpahla zesikhumba kunye nezixhobo zokulungisa iinwele.
- Usulelo oluqhelekileyo lwendlela yomchamo: Ukuba une-urinary tract infections (UTIs) ixesha elide okanye usebenzisa ii-catheters ixesha elide, ukudumba kungonakalisa iiseli kwaye kwandise umngcipheko wakho wokuba nomhlaza.
- Unyango ngeMisebe: Unyango ngeMisebe kwindawo yesisu yezinye iintlobo zomhlaza kunye namayeza athile okulwa nomhlaza (umz., i-cyclophosphamide) lunokunyusa umngcipheko.
- Imbali yosapho: Umngcipheko uphezulu ukuba umntu kusapho lwakhe wayenolu hlobo lomhlaza okanye uneemeko zemfuza ezifana neLynch syndrome.
- Ezinye izinto: Ukwaluphala nokuba yindoda nazo zizinto ezinobungozi. Lo mhlaza uxhaphake kakhulu kumadoda kunabafazi.
Ufumanisa njani ukuba unaso esi sifo?
Ukuba uneempawu, ugqirha wakho uya kuqala enze izinto ezifana novavanyo lomchamo. Emva koko, ukuba kukho umhlaza okrokrelwayo, olu vavanyo ludla ngokwenziwa.
Uvavanyo oluphambili lubizwa ngokuba yi-cystoscopy . Kule nto, ityhubhu encinci enekhamera idluliselwa kwi-urethra iye kwisinyi ize ijongwe ngaphakathi. Ukuba kubonwa into efana nethumba, iqhekeza elincinci layo lingathathwa lihlolwe (biopsy).
Ngamanye amaxesha, ukuba ugqirha uqinisekile ukuba kukho ithumba, uya kwenza utyando olubizwa ngokuba yi -TURBT (Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor) phantsi kwe-anesthesia esibhedlele. Kule meko, ithumba liyasikwa ngokupheleleyo lize lisuswe ngexesha le-cystoscopy lize lithunyelwe kuvavanyo. Kuthathwa neqhekeza elincinci lemisipha ukuze kubonwe ukuba umhlaza usasazeke na kwimisipha.
Ukuba umhlaza ungowezinga eliphezulu okanye uhlaselayo, ugqirha unokucebisa ukuba kwenziwe i -CAT scan ukuze kubonwe ukuba usasazeke na kwamanye amalungu omzimba.
Ngaba nawe unazo ezi mpawu? (Iimpawu)
Uphawu oluqhelekileyo lwalo mhlaza ligazi kumchamo . Lisenokubonakala lipinki, liorenji, okanye libomvu ngokumnyama, kodwa lisenokungabonakali rhoqo.
Ukongeza, bona ezi mpawu:
- Intlungu okanye ukutsha xa uchama
- Ukufuna ukuchama rhoqo kunesiqhelo
- Intlungu engapheliyo kwelinye icala lomqolo
- Ukuziva udiniwe ngaphandle kwesizathu (ukudinwa)
- Ukuhla ukusinda
- Ukuziva into efana neqhuma esiswini okanye kwindawo yezintso
- Ukungakhululeki kunye nomkhuhlane ophantsi
Madoda, lumkani kakhulu!
Amaxesha amaninzi, xa abafazi befumana iimpawu ezifana nokutsha okanye ukuchama rhoqo, bacinga ukuba lusulelo olulula lwendlela yomchamo (UTI). Nangona kunjalo, ngamanye amaxesha lunokuba luphawu lomhlaza wesinyi. Izifundo zibonise ukuba abafazi bafunyanwa benalo mhlaza emva kwexesha kunamadoda.
Ukuba ungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-60, ukuba uyatshaya, ukuba uneempawu ezingapheliyo zosulelo lomchamo nangona usela amayeza okubulala iintsholongwane, kwaye ukuba unegazi kumchamo wakho, ngokuqinisekileyo kuya kufuneka ubone ugqirha wezifo zomchamo ukuze akunike iingcebiso.
Masifunde ngezigaba zomhlaza.
Inqanaba limiselwa kukuba umhlaza usasazeke kangakanani emzimbeni. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu ekukhetheni unyango.
| Inqanaba lomhlaza | Intsingiselo |
|---|---|
| Inqanaba 0 | Umhlaza uphelela kuphela kulwelo lwesinyi. |
| Inqanaba loku-1 | Umhlaza usasazeke kwizicubu ezidityanisiweyo ezingaphantsi komphetho, kodwa awusasazekanga kwimisipha. |
| Isigaba II | Umhlaza usasazeke waya kumaleko wemisipha yesinyi. |
| Inqanaba lesi-3 | Umhlaza usasazeke waya kumaleko wamafutha ngaphandle kwesinyi, ukuya kumalungu akufutshane (isibeleko, i-prostate gland), okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezikufutshane. |
| Inqanaba lesi-4 | Umhlaza usasazeke waya nakwizitho ezikude (imiphunga, amathambo, isibindi) okanye kwii-lymph nodes ezikude. Oku kukwabizwa ngokuba ngumhlaza osasazekayo. |
Zithini iindlela zonyango zoku?
Kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango ezisebenzayo zalo mhlaza. Unyango lulula kakhulu, ingakumbi xa lufunyenwe kwangethuba. Indlela yonyango imiselwa ngohlobo, ibanga, kunye nenqanaba lomhlaza.
- Utyando:
- I-TURBT: Njengoko kukhankanyiwe ngasentla, iithumba ezikwinqanaba lokuqala zingasuswa ngokupheleleyo ngale ndlela.
- Utyando lweCystectomy: Ukuba umhlaza usasazeke kwimisipha okanye ukuba umhlaza ubuyile kwinqanaba eliphezulu, lonke isinyi kunokufuneka lisuswe. Emva koko, kuya kuphuhliswa ezinye iindlela zokukhupha umchamo. Ugqirha wakho uya kukuchazela oku.
- Unyango ngamakhemikhali:
- I-Intravesical Chemotherapy: Emva kotyando lwe-TURBT, amayeza okulwa nomhlaza afakwa ngqo esinyini ngetyhubhu. Oku kunokunceda ukuthintela umhlaza ukuba ungabuyi.
- I-Systemic Chemotherapy: Ukuba umhlaza usasazekile, i-chemotherapy inikwa umzimba wonke ngemithambo yegazi (IV).
- Unyango lweMisebe: Kumhlaza osasazeke kwizihlunu, imisebe enamandla aphezulu isetyenziselwa ukutshabalalisa iiseli zomhlaza ukuba utyando lokususa isinyi luyadingeka.
- Unyango lwe-immunotherapy:Olu lunyango oluphambili kakhulu ngoku. Esikwenzayo kukuvuselela amajoni ethu omzimba ukuba alwe neeseli zomhlaza. Amanye amayeza anikwa ngqo esinyini, kwaye amanye amayeza aphambili (i-checkpoint inhibitors) anikwa ngemithambo yegazi. Ezi zivelise iziphumo ezilungileyo kakhulu.
- Unyango Olujoliswe Kulo: Ezi azifani ne-chemotherapy yendabuko. La mayeza enzelwe ukuqaphela nokuhlasela iimpawu ezithile zeeseli zomhlaza. Akwayindlela entsha nephumelelayo yonyango.
Umyalezo Wokuya Ekhaya
- I-Urothelial carcinoma lolona hlobo luqhelekileyo lomhlaza oluvela kwinkqubo yomchamo, ingakumbi isinyi.
- Igazi kumchamo luphawu oluphambili lwesi sifo. Ungaze uyityeshele loo mpawu, bonana nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
- Ukutshaya yeyona nto iphambili ebangela lo mhlaza. Ungawunciphisa umngcipheko wakho ngokuyeka ukutshaya namhlanje.
- Ukuba lo mhlaza ufunyenwe kwangethuba, unokunyangeka kwaye unyangeke ngempumelelo . Ngoko ke, ungoyiki kwaye funa iingcebiso zonyango ezifanelekileyo.
- Ngenxa yonyango lwanamhlanje olufana ne-Immunotherapy kunye ne-Targeted Therapy, inani labantu abachachayo kwesi sifo ngoku linyuke kakhulu.
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